Liberty, Equality and Deference: A Comment On Colin Feasby’s “Freedom of Expression and the Law of the Democratic Process”

This paper discusses Colin Feasby’s paper “Freedom of Expression and the Democratic Process” on the Harper decision and recognizes his previous scholarship on this topic as making a significant and valuable contribution to our understanding of judicial review of the democratic process. Bredt and Pottie recognize that the egalitarian model cannot fully address the variety of participants and resources at play. They believe that judicial deference is unwarranted and indeed hazardous in this context. Experience has shown that a high level of third party campaign spending does not trigger the hypothetical evils associated with independent expenditures, nor is it outcome determinative. On the other hand, there is a clear need to keep Parliament’s tendency towards self-interested regulation in check, particularly when that tendency is actualized in the form of restrictions to participation in democratic processes. This need is most acute in the context of electoral regulation. an election is the point at which the voter is most in need of information from all sources, and thus this is the most important time for political participation by all, including third parties. Government measures that restrict that participation should, in their view,be strictly scrutinized

Liberty, Equality and Deference: A Comment On Colin Feasby’s “Freedom of Expression and the Law of the Democratic Process”

This paper discusses Colin Feasby’s paper “Freedom of Expression and the Democratic Process” on the Harper decision and recognizes his previous scholarship on this topic as making a significant and valuable contribution to our understanding of judicial review of the democratic process. Bredt and Pottie recognize that the egalitarian model cannot fully address the variety of participants and resources at play. They believe that judicial deference is unwarranted and indeed hazardous in this context. Experience has shown that a high level of third party campaign spending does not trigger the hypothetical evils associated with independent expenditures, nor is it outcome determinative. On the other hand, there is a clear need to keep Parliament’s tendency towards self-interested regulation in check, particularly when that tendency is actualized in the form of restrictions to participation in democratic processes. This need is most acute in the context of electoral regulation. an election is the point at which the voter is most in need of information from all sources, and thus this is the most important time for political participation by all, including third parties. Government measures that restrict that participation should, in their view,be strictly scrutinized

National approaches to the vaccination of recently arrived migrants in Europe : A comparative policy analysis across 32 European countries

Funding Information: However, current approaches to the vaccination of migrants have not been well documented to date, and it is acknowledged that there are additional challenges in ensuring equitable access to vaccines in diverse and mobile migrant populations [9,11]. The ongoing refugee crisis has facilitated renewed dialogue around approaches to the screening and vaccination of recently arrived migrants for infectious diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the United Nations Children's Fund recommended in 2015 that migrants in the WHO European Region should be vaccinated soon after arrival in accordance with the immunisation schedule of the receiving country in which they intend to stay for more than a week [11], and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) is currently developing guidance on approaches to vaccine-preventable diseases in newly arrived migrants [12]. However, there has to date been no comprehensive examination of what policies or guidelines are currently implemented across Europe, or how they compare across countries. In order to facilitate the harmonisation of vaccination policies across Europe and identify best practice, a clear understanding of the different policies and of the key gaps or inconsistencies in such policies is needed [13,14]. We therefore did a comparative analysis of policies and guidelines in EU/EEA countries and Switzerland relating to the provision of vaccinations to recently arrived migrants to identify common approached.This research was funded by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases through the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Travellers and Migrants (ESGITM). LBN, SH, and JSF receive funding from the UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, the Imperial College Healthcare Charity, and the Wellcome Trust (Grant number 209993/Z/17/Z). Funding Information: This research was funded by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases through the ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Travellers and Migrants (ESGITM). LBN, SH, and JSF receive funding from the UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre , the Imperial College Healthcare Charity , and the Wellcome Trust (Grant number 209993/Z/17/Z ). Publisher Copyright: © 2018 The AuthorsBackground: Migrants may be underimmunised and at higher risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, yet there has been no comprehensive examination of what policies are currently implemented across Europe targeting child and adult migrants. We analysed vaccination policies for migrants in 32 EU/EEA countries and Switzerland. Methods: Using framework analysis, we did a comparative analysis of national policies and guidelines pertaining to vaccination in recently arrived migrants through a systematic guideline and literature review and by approaching national experts. Results: Six (18.8%) of 32 countries had comprehensive policies specific to the vaccination of migrants (two focused only on child migrants, four on both adults and children). Nineteen (59.4%) countries applied their national vaccination schedule for migrant vaccinations, predominantly focusing on children; and five (15.6%) countries had circulated additional migrant-specific resources to relevant health-care providers. In six (18.8%) countries, policies on migrant vaccination focused on outbreak-specific vaccines only. In ten (31.3%) countries, policies focused on priority vaccinations, with polio being the vaccine most commonly administered and heterogeneity noted in vaccines recommended to adults, adolescents, and children. Eighteen (56.3%) countries recommended that an individual should be considered as unvaccinated where vaccination records were missing, and vaccines re-administered. Nine (28.1%) countries reported that specific vaccinations were mandatory. Conclusion: There is considerable variation in policies across Europe regarding approaches to vaccination in adult and child migrants, and a lack of clarity on optimum ways forward, what vaccines to offer, with a need for robust research in this area. More emphasis must be placed on ensuring migrant-specific guidance is disseminated to front-line healthcare professionals to improve vaccine delivery and uptake in diverse migration populations across the region.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Family coordination in families who have a child with autism spectrum disorder

Little is known about the interactions of families where there is a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study applies the Lausanne Trilogue Play (LTP) to explore both its applicability to this population as well as to assess resources and areas of deficit in these families. The sample consisted of 68 families with a child with ASD, and 43 families with a typically developing (TD) child. With respect to the global score for family coordination there were several negative correlations: the more severe the symptoms (based on the child’s ADOS score), the more family coordination was dysfunctional. This correlation was particularly high when parents had to play together with the child. In the parts in which only one of the parents played actively with the child, while the other was simply present, some families did achieve scores in the functional range, despite the child’s symptom severity. The outcomes are discussed in terms of their clinical implications both for assessment and for interventio

Sensor Network Data Fault Types

Little of the work in sensor network studies related to data quality has presented a detailed study of sensor faults and fault models. We provide a comprehensive look at sensor network data fault types and a unified basis for describing sensor faults backed up by real world deployment examples. We also identify several considerations one must take into account when developing a fault detection or diagnosis system. We suggest a broad framework of important considerations when developing a data fault detection system and discuss some assumptions that can be made in this context. Based upon experience and previous work we define a series of features to consider when modeling sensor data for either fault detection or fault correction. We define three main headings of types of features and explore the effect that each type has on a sensor. Then we list all common faults that we have observed in actual sensor network deployments. We provide an example of how one may use such a taxonomy of faults

Sensor Network Data Fault Types

Little of the work in sensor network studies related to data quality has presented a detailed study of sensor faults and fault models. We provide a comprehensive look at sensor network data fault types and a unified basis for describing sensor faults backed up by real world deployment examples. We also identify several considerations one must take into account when developing a fault detection or diagnosis system. We suggest a broad framework of important considerations when developing a data fault detection system and discuss some assumptions that can be made in this context. Based upon experience and previous work we define a series of features to consider when modeling sensor data for either fault detection or fault correction. We define three main headings of types of features and explore the effect that each type has on a sensor. Then we list all common faults that we have observed in actual sensor network deployments. We provide an example of how one may use such a taxonomy of faults

Discovery of ss-arrestin-biased 25CN-NBOH-derived 5-HT2A receptor agonists

The serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) is the mediator of the psychedelic effects of serotonergic psychedelics, which have shown promising results in clinical studies for several neuropsychiatric indications. The 5-HT2AR is able to signal through the G alpha(q) and ss-arrestin effector proteins, but it is currently not known how the different signaling pathways contribute to the therapeutic effects mediated by serotonergic psychedelics. In the present work, we have evaluated the subtype-selective 5-HT2AR agonist 25CN-NBOH and a series of close analogues for biased signaling at this receptor. These ligands were designed to evaluate the role of interactions with Ser159(3x36). The lack of interaction between this hydroxyl moiety and Ser159(3x36) resulted in detrimental effects on potency and efficacy in both ss arr2 and miniGaq recruitment assays. Remarkably, G alpha(q)-mediated signaling was considerably more affected. This led to the development of the first efficacious ss arr2-biased 5-HT2AR agonists 4a-b and 6e-f, ss arr2 preferring, relative to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)