Alcohol-related Visual Attention Disorders on Hand-Eye Coordination Failure in Basketball Players

This study evidences that the alcoholic drink does not allow an appropriate selection of stimuli in the player. It was consumed by male college basketball players. The result demonstrated relevant variability on the AUDIT-10 between heavy drinkers and at-risk drinkers. Overall, the HVOT scores show a great failure rate in the task of assembling fragmented and disorganized figures. The results show a visuospatial deficit in trained athletes. The failure of the estimating score on the shooting task while running, among heavy drinkers, is 66.66% with “left eye open”, and 13.33% with “right eye open”. The deleterious effects of alcohol are of the order of 3.3% “right eye open” and 66.6% “left eye open” in high-risk drinkers. Among high-risk drinkers, failure scores are estimated at 54.54% with “right eye open”, 72.72% with “left eye open”. The attraction between basket and “right eye open” is 49.9%, and it is 6% with “left eye open”. But other psychopathological disorders would coexist with those of visual attention

Effects of Fitness on Anxiety among High School Students in Congo Summative Evaluation of Volleyball

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of physical fitness on anxiety during the summative evaluation of the volleyball cycle. To this end, 22 students from military school [experimental group (age 17,55±0,51ans, size: 171,18±2,28cm, weight 65,77±1,38kg, BMI: 22.46 ±0,72kg.m-2, speed-strength: 58,64±2,82cm, cardiovascular index: 5,7±0,22, V O2max: 52,90±1,32 ml.kg-1.min- 1)] and 45 other general school [control group (age 17,59±1,46ans, size: 170,95±1,26cm, weight 70,70±2,50kg, BMI 24,19±0 , 50kg.m-2, speed-strength: 46,07±1,19cm, cardiovascular index: 9,78±0,51, V O2max: 39,45±1,94 ml.kg-1.min-1) ] responded to the evaluation questionnaires of anxiety state and trait anxiety (Spielberger, 1975). The results have shown a higher state anxiety value in subjects in the experimental group compared to the control group (51, 27±5, 17Vs. 40, 88±5,42) while the line anxiety is significantly reduced in subjects in the experimental group compared to the control group (43,95±2,86 Vs. 46,98±4,47) (P<0,001). These results suggest that improved fitness increases anxiety state and parallel reduces trait anxiety during the summative evaluation of volleyball

Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from slurry storage: impacts of temperature and potential mitigation through covering (pig slurry) or acidification (cattle slurry)

Storage of livestock slurries is a significant source of methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) emissions to the atmosphere, for which accurate quantification and potential mitigation methods are required. Methane and NH3 emissions were measured from pilot-scale cattle slurry (CS) and pig slurry (PS) stores under cool, temperate, and warm conditions (approximately 8, 11, and 17°C, respectively) and including two potential mitigation practices: (i) a clay granule floating cover (PS) and (ii) slurry acidification (CS). Cumulative emissions of both gases were influenced by mean temperature over the storage period. Methane emissions from the control treatments over the 2-mo storage periods for the cool, temperate, and warm periods were 0.3, 0.1, and 34.3 g CH4 kg−1 slurry volatile solids for CS and 4.4, 20.1, and 27.7 g CH4 kg−1 slurry volatile solids for PS. Respective NH3 emissions for each period were 4, 7, and 12% of initial slurry N content for CS and 12, 18, and 28% of initial slurry N content for PS. Covering PS with clay granules reduced NH3 emissions by 77% across the three storage periods but had no impact on CH4 emissions. Acidification of CS reduced CH4 and NH3 emissions by 61 and 75%, respectively, across the three storage periods. Nitrous oxide emissions were also monitored but were insignificant. The development of approaches that take into account the influence of storage timing (temperature) and duration on emission estimates for national emission inventory purposes is recommended

Pilot-scale testing of renewable biocatalyst for swine manure treatment and mitigation of odorous VOCs, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions

Comprehensive control of odors, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with swine production is a critical need. A pilot-scale experiment was conducted to evaluate surface-applied soybean peroxidase (SBP) and calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a manure additive to mitigate emissions of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOC) including dimethyl disulfide/methanethiol (DMDS/MT), dimethyl trisulfide, n-butyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, p-cresol, indole, and skatole. The secondary impact on emissions of NH3, H2S, and GHG was also measured. The SBP was tested at four treatments (2.28–45.7 kg/m2 manure) with CaO2(4.2% by weight of SBP) over 137 days. Significant reductions in VOC emissions were observed: DMDS/MT (36.2%–84.7%), p-cresol (53.1%–89.5%), and skatole (63.2%–92.5%). There was a corresponding significant reduction in NH3 (14.6%–67.6%), and significant increases in the greenhouse gases CH4 (32.7%–232%) and CO2 (20.8%–124%). The remaining emissions (including N2O) were not statistically different. At a cost relative to 0.8% of a marketed hog it appears that SBP/CaO2 treatment could be a promising option at the lowest (2.28 kg/m2) treatment rate for reducing odorous gas and NH3 emissions at swine operations, and field-scale testing is warranted

Food Ration and Mental Training for the Improvement of the Free Throw Performance in Congolese Beginners Basketball Players

Objective: Through an experimental study, the present work aims at testing the effectiveness of diet and mental imagery on the success of free throw in Congolese beginners Basketball Players. Method: 45 players participated in this experimental study in Brazzaville (Congo) .These subjects were divided into 3 groups. Group I (n=15), made up of beginner Basketball players subjected to a balanced diet to the mental training and to the practice of throwing on the ground. Group II (n=15), made up of beginner basketball players from a local team subjected to mental training of the throw and food monitoring; Group III (n=15), beginner Basketball Players participating in the district competitions. The variables studied were: flexion of the legs (FL), body orientation (BO), the extension of the arms (EA), and the success of shots (SS). Results: The results indicate that the best progress was made by the players in Group I: + 67.7% for the squat, + 38% for the orientation of the body, + 45.7% for the extension of arm, and 83.7% for successful shots. Conclusion: In summary, mental rehearsal combined with a balanced diet facilitates the practice of physical and sporting activity and significantly improves learning and performance of athletes

Microbial Community and Chemical Characteristics of Swine Manure during Maturation

Swine diet formulations have the potential to lower animal emissions, including odor and ammonia (NH3). The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of manure storage duration on manure chemical and microbial properties in swine feeding trials. Three groups of 12 pigs were fed a standard corn–soybean meal diet over a 13-wk period. Urine and feces were collected at each feeding and transferred to 12 manure storage tanks. Manure chemical characteristics and headspace gas concentrations were monitored for NH3, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), volatile fatty acids, phenols, and indoles. Microbial analysis of the stored manure included plate counts, community structure (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis), and metabolic function (Biolog). All odorants in manure and headspace gas concentrations were significantly (p \u3c 0.01) correlated for length of storage using quadratic equations, peaking after Week 5 for all headspace gases and most manure chemical characteristics. Microbial community structure and metabolic utilization patterns showed continued change throughout the 13-wk trial. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis species diversity patterns declined significantly (p \u3c 0.01) with time as substrate utilization declined for sugars and certain amino acids, but functionality increased in the utilization of short chain fatty acids as levels of these compounds increased in manure. Studies to assess the effect of swine diet formulations on manure emissions for odor need to be conducted for a minimum of 5 wk. Efforts to determine the impact of diets on greenhouse gas emissions will require longer periods of study (\u3e13 wk)