A method for estimating the rolling moment due to spin rate for arbitrary planform wings

The application of aerodynamic theory for estimating the force and moments acting upon spinning airplanes is of interest. For example, strip theory has been used to generate estimates of the aerodynamic characteristics as a function of spin rate for wing-dominated configurations for angles of attack up to 90 degrees. This work, which had been limited to constant chord wings, is extended here to wings comprised of tapered segments. Comparison of the analytical predictions with rotary balance wind tunnel results shows that large discrepancies remain, particularly for those angles-of-attack greater than 40 degrees

International Education Personified: Community in an International “Buddy” Program

The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether participation in the buddy program at a large public research university in the Southeastern United States by international students and students who have studied abroad is perceived to contribute to a keener sense of belonging, elimination of loneliness, and formation of social networks (Cheng 2004). Cheng describes these three aspects as “directly associated with his or her [student’s] sense of community” (p. 221). Through in-depth interviews, the researcher explores perceptions of community between the two populations of students

Line plotting program using DI-3000/Grafmaker routines

A line plotting program has been developed using the DI-3000 graphics libraries and incorporates Grafmaker subroutines. The program allows multiple lines on a frame and multiple frames per run. Options such as automatic scaling, linear or single-cycle log graphs, and plot text such as titles, legends and axis labels are incorporated in the program. Greek and other fonts can be used in the plot text as well as upper and lower case text. Plot inputs are specified through a control file. The program also allows display of multiple independent data sets on a single graph

Evoking Emotion :The Visual Rhetoric of World War II Propaganda

In our media-dominated culture we are constantly bombarded by visual rhetoric and every image we look at leaves some form of influence on us. The instant that we see an image, whether it is a poster, billboard, or picture, we form unconscious biases in our minds. This is the goal of most visual rhetoric, to elicit a response. Visual rhetoric, the use of images to influence or persuade an audience, is used countless times each day but goes unnoticed by most people. One of the most famous and most successful uses of visual rhetoric is found in propaganda posters during World War II. Government-employed artists designed these posters to persuade people to buy war bonds and enlist in the armed forces, among other things. These images depicted determined and patriotic soldiers raising flags or carrying children home to their parents. In this paper, I will illustrate the use of visual rhetoric during the Second World War to demonstrate the mechanics of visual persuasion, of which most people have little understanding. Drawing on the scholarship of Rick Williams, a visual communications scholar, I will analyze several propaganda posters to demonstrate the role of the effectiveness of visual rhetoric while increasing the understanding of how images influence people. Increasing public understanding of visual rhetoric will not only increase the awareness of the many influences people encounter daily. It will also lead to more logical and unbiased decisions due to people recognizing propaganda efforts of the media and interest groups and therefore rationalizing the issues instead of letting emotion control one’s thoughts and actions. I claim that visual rhetoric has a profound, yet unnoticed, effect on our culture

Evidence from Flaws: Hellenistic Ceramic Production at Podere Funghi (Vicchio di Mugello)

From 1996–2006, excavators of the Mugello Valley Archaeological Project documented two important contexts for understanding Hellenistic period ceramic production at Podere Funghi near the sanctuary at Poggio Colla: a kiln-waster midden, and a series of kilns located in the vicinity of a small residential structure. This article consists of the results of a visual and metric examination of the fineware material from the midden. The examination assessed the nature and prevalence of specific firing flaws associated with the productive process, and the data derived from this study are used to reconstruct some of the technical challenges faced by the Podere Funghi potters and their firing equipment. The study documents a high prevalence of flaws associated with a rapid rise in temperature within the kiln at the beginning of firing process, while cataloguing few flaws associated with excessive sustained temperatures. This combination of flaws suggests poor pre-production drying of the wares, or the use of a fuel source that would have produced an initial high heat spike in temperature. In addition, it tells us much about craft production at satellite communities associated with large settlements, in this case, Poggio Colla

Soft power politics: The role of political foundations in Germany's foreign policy towards regime change in Spain, Portugal and South Africa 1974-1994.

This thesis explores new analytical ground in analysing and describing power in the pursuit of Germany's postwar foreign policy, particularly during the Cold War era. With reference to Germany's party foundations, the dissertation provides an introductory discussion of the prevailing narratives on power in the discourse over Germany's postwar foreign policy, namely 'forgetting power', civilian power, tamed power and middle power. It advances the critical argument that the realist 'forgetting power' narrative remains too narrowly focused on coercive and unilaterally realised power projection capabilities while appreciating multilateral forms of external action only as an expression of weakness. On the other hand, the largely constructivist approaches of civilian, tamed and middle power analysis put too exclusive an emphasis on multilateral frameworks of diplomatic action in the pursuit of the FRG's foreign policy. Instead, this research concludes that postwar Germany's foreign policy cannot be fully understood without paying ample attention to the two-layered operational nature of the FRG's diplomacy, which is based on the systemic relationship of transnationally operating nongovernmental actors and state institutions. Postwar Germany was therefore neither 'forgetful of its power' nor did it play out its power resources solely within multilateral organisations. In fact, it pursued state interests regularly through non-multilateral channels and by mobilising noncoercive power potentials. The thesis utilises Joseph S. Nye's concept of soft power as the ability to shape the preferences of actors through inducement and attraction rather than coercion and threat in order to highlight the specific configuration of the FRG's postwar foreign policy displayed on a sub-state level. This model is then applied to analyse the democracy promotion activities of two German political foundations or Stiftungen, the Friedrich-Ebert Foundation (FEF) and the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (KAF) during the regime change processes in Spain, Portugal and South Africa respectively

The Role of Cyp33 in MLL Mediated Gene Repression

Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) is a multidomain protein whose gene is translocated in a subset of AML leukemias. Translocation of the MLL gene is present in approximately five percent of adult acute leukemias and ten percent of pediatric leukemias (Daser, A 2004, Look, A 1997, Huret, J 2001) Patients presenting in the clinic at the time of diagnosis with an MLL fusion have been shown to respond poorly to treatment and have a worse prognosis than matched wild type MLL patients (Rubnitz, J 1994, Rubnitz, J 1999). Novel therapies therefore are needed in order to more effectively treat patients with MLL leukemias. Cyclophilin33 (CYP33) has previously been shown to be a negative modulator of MLL gene transactivation activity (Fair, K 2001, Anderson, M 2002). It has been well established that for CYP33 to exert its repressive effects on MLL several events must occur. CYP33 binds to the 3rd PHD (PHD3) finger of MLL and increases Histone Deacacetylase1 (HDAC1) to the repression domain (RD) of MLL thereby reducing target gene expression (Xia, Z 2003, Fair, K 2001, Anderson, M 2002). It has been hypothesized that cis-trans prolyl isomerase activity is important for recruitment of HDAC1 as increased CYP33 leads to increased HDAC1 at RD domain of MLL (Fair, K 2001, Xia, Z 2003, Chen, J 2008). In cells treated with the inhibitor, Cyclosporin A (CsA), CYP33 was not able to recruit HDAC1 to MLL (Koonce, M 2004). hPC2, BMI1 and CtBP also bind to the MLL repression domain, although the role these co-repressor proteins play in suppression of MLL target gene activation has not been elucidated (Xia, Z 2003). In this study, the co-repressor proteins (HDAC and BMI1) that bind to MLL RD were examined to determine if CYP33 leads to the recruitment of HDAC1 and BMI1 to the RD of MLL. Also CYP33 PPIase activity was examined to determine if it is essential for HDAC1 and BMI1 binding to MLL. Once HDAC1 and BMI1 were established to bind to MLL in a PPIase dependent manner, the chromatin modifications on the H3 histone tail, which are known substrates of HDAC1, were examined to determine if the H3 Acetylation (Ac) changes in response to CYP33 levels. H3Ac (H3K9Ac, H3K14Ac) and H3K27Ac are critical marks for active gene transcription, while its counterpart H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27Me3) is a mark for gene repression. It has been proposed that one of the main roles of H3K27Ac is to block H3K27Me3 (Pasini, D 2010). This hypothesis was tested in MSA cells, a thyroid carcinoma cell line, which showed robust decrease of CYP33 protein upon knockdown by siRNA treatment and concomitant upregulation of MLL target genes. Upon modulation of CYP33 in MSA cells, it is seen that H3K27Ac inversely correlates with CYP33 expression levels. H3Ac increases upon knockdown of CYP33, but does not show a reduction upon CYP33 overexpression in MSA cell line. H3K27Me3 levels are low at MLL gene promoters in MSA cells and remain unchanged. After studying the levels of H3Ac and H3K27Ac, HDAC1 and BMI1 recruitment to the chromatin was examined to determine if HDAC1 and BMI1 recruitment to MLL target gene promoters occurs in a CYP33 dependent manner. Surprisingly no change was seen upon CYP33 overexpression. A decrease of HDAC1 was seen at some MLL target gene promoters upon knockdown of CYP33 by siRNA. After knockdown of CYP33 in MSA cells, oscillations in MLL and MYC gene expression levels were observed. This could be due to regulation of CYP33 expression by a negative feedback loop. Many such regulatory networks exist in the cell. From exploring the CYP33 that is bound to the chromatin, it is clear that CYP33 is located not only at the promoters of MLL targets, but also at the promoter of housekeeping genes, â-ACTIN or GAPDH. Also CYP33 was found to bind to the promoters of MLL and CYP33, suggesting that the oscillations could be due to a negative feedback loop. CYP33 plays a role in the repression of MLL target genes by regulating the level of HDAC1 and BMI1 recruitment to MLL, and subsequently the levels of H3Ac and H3K27Ac. Understanding the role CYP33 plays in gene transcription leads to a better knowledge of MLL mediated transactivation and may lead to new and novel therapies in MLL leukemia

U.N.I. think tank

This paper will discuss the possibility of a student-run think tank on the campus of the University of Northern Iowa. The goal of this paper is to give a complete view of how a student-run think tank would be implemented at U.N.I. The paper will be divided into three main sections. First, the paper will begin with a discussion of the basic requirements for a think tank at U.N.I. Second, the paper will discuss the keys to making the think tank a success. Finally, the paper will go into the actual steps that the think tank should take in order to go about solving a certain problem. When finished, this paper will present a model that will be able to be used in the future to set up an actual U.N.I. think tank