« (Re)penser l’enseignement de la traduction professionnelle dans un master français : l’exemple des zones d’incertitudes en traduction médicale »

International audienceMedical translation is a highly technical type of professional translations: it has always held a special position (Balliu 2005) and requires a specific training for both learners and teachers. In the Master’s degree in translation offered at the University of Lorraine, France, the training programme of future translators is based on grammar and linguistics taught in general translation classes. The first medical translation carried out by students and examined in classes is a French notice de médicament, that is a PIL or a product monograph. We first find that students feel uncertain about the words to use as the document contains technical vocabulary. Moreover translating modals may lead to uncertainties in students’ minds and copies. Traditional translation theories taught in France (Vinay and Darbelnet 1958; Chuquet and Paillard 1989; Quivy 2010) applied to medical texts show that these uncertainty zones remain. Beyond grammar and vocabulary prerequisites, training in medical translation requires other extralinguistic trainings, such as specific trainings in documentary resources, communicative strategies and medical phraseology. A PIL is a highly regulated document, following medical norms and containing medically approved information; it is written for a broad readership with sometimes limited medical literacy. The functionalist approach (Nord 1997/2008) encompasses all these criteria and is based on the communicative core function of the target text. If this approach is explored by teachers and then taught to learners, uncertainty zones in medical vocabulary and modals disappear; moreover the functionalist approach is particularly well-suited to medical translations (Montalt and Gonzáles Davies 2007)La traduction médicale hautement technique et rigoureuse occupe une place à part dans l’enseignement de la traduction (Balliu 2005) et demande une formation spécifique des apprenants et de leurs formateurs. Dans le master français de traduction de l’Université de Lorraine, cette formation prend appui sur les connaissances linguistiques et grammaticales acquises par nos apprenants dans les cursus de traduction générale. Les premières traductions médicales proposées portent sur la fiche médicament. Nous constatons que la première source d’incertitudes porte sur le vocabulaire spécialisé médical et que la seconde est liée à l’expression de la modalité, phénomène linguistique général. Les théories de la traduction traditionnellement enseignées en France dans les cursus universitaires généraux en langues (Vinay et Darbelnet 1958 ; Chuquet et Paillard 1989 ; Quivy 2010) sont appliquées à la traduction d’énoncés médicaux contenant des modaux et du lexique médical ; et il apparaît que ces zones d’incertitude persistent. Au-delà de la dimension linguistique incontournable dans l’enseignement de la traduction, les dimensions extralinguistiques, telles la recherche documentaire, la dimension communicative et la phraséologie médicale, jouent un rôle dans ce type de traduction professionnelle. Fortement réglementée dans sa rédaction, la fiche médicament est un document informatif, contenant des éléments scientifiques attestés par le milieu médical et s’adressant à un lectorat très large, quelquefois profane. L’approche fonctionnaliste (Nord 1997/2008) intègre ces dimensions et développe une stratégie traductionnelle basée sur la notion centrale de fonction du texte cible. Étudiée par les formateurs et enseignée à nos apprenants, cette approche particulièrement adaptée à la traduction médicale (Montalt et Gonzáles Davies 2007) permet de faire disparaître les incertitudes rencontrées en vocabulaire spécialisé médical et dans des énoncés contenant des modaux

Wheat glutenin subunits and dough elasticity: findings of the EUROWHEAT project

Detailed studies of wheat glutenin subunits have provided novel details of their molecular structures and interactions which allow the development of a model to explain their role in determining the visco-elastic properties of gluten and dough. The construction and analysis of near-isogenic and transgenic lines expressing novel subunit combinations or increased amounts of specific subunits allows differences in gluten properties to be related to the structures and properties of individual subunits, with potential benefits for the production of cultivars with improved properties for food processing or novel end user

Canton de Pont-Sainte-Maxence : archéologie extensive d’un espace rural

L’OPI « canton de Pont-Sainte-Maxence » dresse depuis 1995 l’inventaire des sites archéologiques dans cette zone accidentée de la moyenne vallée de l’Oise. La méthode utilisée est la prospection systématique en équipes, essentiellement en labour, mais aussi aérienne, en sous-bois et à vue. L’OPI s’insère dans le programme de recherche mené au sein de l’équipe d’accueil TRAME EA 4284 du ministère de la Recherche (LAHP – Laboratoire d’Archéologie et d’Histoire de l’université de Picardie – CAHM..

Beyond Individual Input for Deep Anomaly Detection on Tabular Data

Anomaly detection is crucial in various domains, such as finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity. In this paper, we propose a novel deep anomaly detection method for tabular data that leverages Non-Parametric Transformers (NPTs), a model initially proposed for supervised tasks, to capture both feature-feature and sample-sample dependencies. In a reconstruction-based framework, we train the NPT model to reconstruct masked features of normal samples. We use the model's ability to reconstruct the masked features during inference to generate an anomaly score. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed method is the first to combine both feature-feature and sample-sample dependencies for anomaly detection on tabular datasets. We evaluate our method on an extensive benchmark of tabular datasets and demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods based on both the F1-Score and AUROC. Moreover, our work opens up new research directions for exploring the potential of NPTs for other tasks on tabular data

Characterisation of Rosa Mosqueta seeds : cell wall polysaccharide composition and light microscopy observations

The utilisation of enzymes for the extraction of vegetable oils from seeds has been a topic of growing interest in recent years. Knowledge of the cell wall polysaccharide composition is important to select the enzyme(s) necessary for the most effective degradation of the cell walls. The purpose of the present work is to characterise the seeds of Rosa Mosqueta (Rosa aff rubiginosa) by light microscopy (where several differential staining methods were applied to analyse the seed structure) and by the isolation of cell wall polysaccharide extracts. The mature seed of Rosa Mosqueta has a very thick and structurally complex seed coat comprising heavily lignified tissue. The embryo has two cell layers of remaining endosperm tissue (indicating that this is an exalbuminous seed), two voluminous cotyledons that contain the oil, and bundles of provascular tissues distributed perpendicularly to the transverse axis of the embryo. The major non-cellulosic polysaccharides from the non-lignified tissues are glucuronoxylans and pectic polysaccharides; glucans are also present in small amounts. The major non-cellulosic polysaccharides from the lignified tissues are glucuronoxylans. Concerning the use of enzymes for oil extraction, microscopy and cell wall polysaccharide analysis showed that the use of pectic enzymes followed by a xylanase or a cellulase should be explored.União Europeia (UE) - Contract INCO-DC: 96-2205

Perturbative Gravity in the Causal Approach

Quantum theory of the gravitation in the causal approach is studied up to the second order of perturbation theory. We prove gauge invariance and renormalizability in the second order of perturbation theory for the pure gravity system (massless and massive). Then we investigate the interaction of massless gravity with matter (described by scalars and spinors) and massless Yang-Mills fields. We obtain a difference with respect to the classical field theory due to the fact that in quantum field theory one cannot enforce the divergenceless property on the vector potential and this spoils the divergenceless property of the usual energy-momentum tensor. To correct this one needs a supplementary ghost term in the interaction Lagrangian.Comment: 50 pages, no figures, some changes in the last sectio

Developing a benchmark model for renovated, nearly zero-energy, terraced dwellings

Brussels is one of the European cities with the most significant number of Passive House buildings on the continent. In the Brussels-Capital Region, the nearly zero-energy building obligations implemented is implemented since 2010. The Brussels-Capital Region has set up ambitious energy standards for new constructions. These standards target ’nearly zero’ or ’very low energy consumption and are inspired by the ’passive house standard,’ where high-energy performance is first achieved. Ten years after boasting this groundbreaking policy, many renovated, terraced houses are renovated to comply with the nearly zero-energy building requirements. Therefore, this study aims to develop an energy performance data set and one building performance simulation benchmark model for nearly zero-energy dwellings in Brussels. The study reports an inventory and field survey conducted on a terraced house renovated after the year 2010. An analysis of energy consumption (electricity and natural gas) and a walkthrough survey were conducted. A building performance simulation model is created in EnergyPlus to benchmark the average energy consumption and building characteristics. The estimate’s validity has been further checked against the public statistics and verified through model calibration and utility bill comparison. The benchmark has an average energy use intensity of 29 kWh/m2/year and represents terraced single-family houses after renovation. The paper provides a timely opportunity to evaluate the actual performance of nearly zero-energy terraced houses. The findings on energy needs and use intensity are useful in temperate and continental climates.OCCuPANt, on the Impacts Of Climate Change on the indoor environmental and energy PerformAnce of buildiNgs in Belgium during summe

Projet LAMPE² : Maintenance prédictive d'un mélangeur interne - apport de l'analyse vibratoire

L'objet de ce papier est de présenter un état de l'art des techniques et matériels de surveillance vibratoire des machines tournantes appliquées à un système industriel complexe : un mélangeur interne. Dans ce but, un projet de surveillance en temps réel du procédé de mélangeage a été défini: le projet LAMPE², en vue d'une caractérisation en temps réel ou en quasi-temps réel des états vibratoires de l'équipement, d'un état acoustique, de l'état thermique et des états de viscosité des matériaux à l'intérieur de l'équipement ainsi que dans les organes d'alimentation en matière première. L'originalité de ce projet est de combiner des informations issues de sources hétérogènes avec des fréquences différentes et d'en extraire de l'information utile sur la surveillance globale de l'équipement