Sciences humaines en images, expériences et réflexions

Valorisation, le mot nous propulse d’entrée dans le champ lexical de l’économie. Pour les sciences humaines et sociales, il désigne sans doute les modalités de communication des résultats d’une campagne de recherche pouvant donner lieu à un retour sur investissement, voire à une plus-value. L’audiovisuel vient assez naturellement à l’esprit comme l’une de ces modalités. En effet, les thèmes abordés par ces disciplines contiennent précisément du réel, de l’histoire, des ambiguïtés humaines et ..

Les dictionnaires de la langue française au Québec

Quatre cents ans de présence française en Amérique du Nord justifiaient largement que l'on fasse le point sur les dictionnaires, témoins privilégiés du français tel qu'il s'est parlé et écrit au Québec, qui l'a proclamé seule langue officielle à la fin du XXe siècle. Examiner ces quatre siècles de production lexicographique permet de découvrir la croissance originale d'une langue européenne semée dans le Nouveau Monde, d'élucider les efforts d'adaptation que cette langue a déployés, et de constater les tensions et les divisions que ces efforts ont provoquées. Ce livre rassemble le travail de (méta)lexicographes renommés qui, pour la première fois, révèlent dans la durée les enjeux spécifiques de la production de dictionnaires au Québec. On verra que le choc de deux volontés, fidélité à la France, d'une part, et revendication d'autonomie, d'autre part, a libéré des forces considérables se réclamant des principes d'universalité, de réalité, d'identité et de vérité. Cette énergie continue de vivifier et de renouveler la langue française sur le continent nord-américain

Cartographie du phosphore dans des bâtiments allongés du Néolithique dans le Nord de la France, en Belgique et au Luxembourg

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist ein besseres Verständnis der Funktionszuweisung der neolithischen Langbauten mittels Verteilungskarten des Phosphors und deren Evolution. Ein besonderer Akzent liegt auf den jüngeren Studien mehrerer endneolithischer Häuser. Die Karten wurden mithilfe von systematischen Phosphortests und einigen gezielteren Gesamt-Phosphatanalysen erstellt. Im Bereich der Funktionszuweisung und der Organisation der Gebäude zeichnen sich bereits einige Tendenzen ab, selbst wenn nicht alle Studien dieser Gebäude abgeschlossen sind. Die ersten Ergebnisse lassen grundlegende Aspekte der Methodologie und Taphonomie erkennen und ermöglichen es die zukünftigen Studien in den betroffenen Regionen zu orientieren.The goal of this paper is a better understanding of the use of neolithic longhouses by phosphorus cartographies, as well as the evolution of this use. A special accent is put on most recent results that include a number of Late Neolithic houses. The cartographies have been based on systematic phosphorus tests and some more focalized analyses of total phosphate. Certain tendencies are appearing in terms of house organisation and use, even if all the studies and analyses are not yet finalized. Some fundamental aspects of methodology and taphonomy are also the result of these first attempts and permit to orient future studies in the concerned regions.L’objectif de ce travail est la meilleure compréhension de l’affectation des bâtiments allongés du Néolithique par le biais de cartographies du phosphore et de leur évolution. Un accent particulier est mis sur les dernières études récentes qui comprennent plusieurs maisons du Néolithique final. Les cartographies ont été menées à l’aide de tests de phosphore systématiques et de quelques analyses de phosphate total plus ciblées. Certaines tendances se dessinent en matière d’affectation et d’organisation des bâtiments, même si les études de ces bâtiments ne sont pas toutes achevées. Des aspects fondamentaux de méthodologie et de taphonomie ressortent de ces premiers résultats et permettent d’orienter les études futures dans les régions concernées.Fechner Kai, De Lil Agnès, Clavel Viviane, Hus Jozef, Teheux Eric, Broes Frédéric, Dugois Fred, Elleboode Emmanuelle, Fournand Sandrine, Gaillard Denis, Heller Frédéric, Julien Maël, Leroy-Langelin Emmanuelle, Lorin Yann, Marchal Jean-Philippe, Naton Henri-Georges, Poirier Christian, Praud Ivan, Slachmuylder Jean-Louis. Cartographie du phosphore dans des bâtiments allongés du Néolithique dans le Nord de la France, en Belgique et au Luxembourg. In: Revue archéologique de Picardie. Numéro spécial 28, 2011. pp. 275-298

Mapping Dreams/Dreaming Maps: Bridging Indigenous and Western Geographical Knowledge

Dreams and dreaming practices are integrated into knowledge-building processes in many Indigenous societies. Therefore, these practices may represent a source of geographical and cartographic information. This article addresses their incorporation into collaborative and cross-cultural research methods, especially in the framework of participatory mapping projects conducted with Indigenous communities or organizations. It is argued that dreams and dreaming practices enable the consideration of Indigenous territorial dimensions, such as the sacred and the spiritual, as well as the presence of non-human actors, that are more difficult to grasp through the social sciences or modern Western mapping methodologies. In addition, this approach invites geographers and cartographers to adopt a culturally de-centered concept of the notions of territory, mapping and participation that goes beyond the positivist premises of Western science and its research methodologies. This text draws from a Mapuche counter-mapping and participatory mapping experience that took place in southern Chile between 2004 and 2006 and in which the author took part as a cartographer

La construcción de la Hacienda hispánica en el largo siglo XVIII: una investigación en curso

Dossier monographiqueInternational audienc

Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis observational study (SOS): Clinical significance of Scedosporium species identification

International audienceScedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis is a devastating emerging fungal infection. Our objective was to describe the clinical pattern and to analyze whether taxonomic grouping of the species involved was supported by differences in terms of clinical presentations or outcomes. We retrospectively studied cases of invasive scedosporiosis in France from 2005 through 2017 based on isolates characterized by polyphasic approach. We recorded 90 cases, mainly related to Scedosporium apiospermum (n = 48), S. boydii/S. ellipsoideum (n = 20), and Lomentospora prolificans (n = 14). One-third of infections were disseminated, with unexpectedly high rates of cerebral (41%) and cardiovascular (31%) involvement. In light of recent Scedosporium taxonomic revisions, we aimed to study the clinical significance of Scedosporium species identification and report for the first time contrasting clinical presentations between infections caused S. apiospermum, which were associated with malignancies and cutaneous involvement in disseminated infections, and infections caused by S. boydii, which were associated with solid organ transplantation, cerebral infections, fungemia, and early death. The clinical presentation of L. prolificans also differed from that of other species, involving more neutropenic patients, breakthrough infections, fungemia, and disseminated infections. Neutropenia, dissemination, and lack of antifungal prescription were all associated with 3-month mortality. Our data support the distinction between S. apiospermum and S. boydii and between L. prolificans and Scedosporium sp. Our results also underline the importance of the workup to assess dissemination, including cardiovascular system and brain. Lay Summary Scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis is a devastating emerging fungal infection. Our objective was to describe the clinical pattern and to analyze whether taxonomic grouping of the species involved was supported by differences in terms of clinical presentations or outcomes

36-month clinical outcomes of patients with venous thromboembolism: GARFIELD-VTE

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Methods: GARFIELD-VTE is a prospective, non-interventional observational study of real-world treatment practices. We aimed to capture the 36-month clinical outcomes of 10,679 patients with objectively confirmed VTE enrolled between May 2014 and January 2017 from 415 sites in 28 countries.Findings: A total of 6582 (61.6 %) patients had DVT alone, 4097 (38.4 %) had PE +/- DVT. At baseline, 98.1 % of patients received anticoagulation (AC) with or without other modalities of therapy. The proportion of patients on AC therapy decreased over time: 87.6 % at 3 months, 73.0 % at 6 months, 54.2 % at 12 months and 42.0 % at 36 months. At 12-months follow-up, the incidences (95 % confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause mortality, recurrent VTE and major bleeding were 6.5 (7.0-8.1), 5.4 (4.9-5.9) and 2.7 (2.4-3.0) per 100 person-years, respectively. At 36-months, these decreased to 4.4 (4.2-4.7), 3.5 (3.2-2.7) and 1.4 (1.3-1.6) per 100 person-years, respectively. Over 36-months, the rate of all-cause mortality and major bleeds were highest in patients treated with parenteral therapy (PAR) versus oral anti-coagulants (OAC) and no OAC, and the rate of recurrent VTE was highest in patients on no OAC versus those on PAR and OAC. The most frequent cause of death after 36-month follow-up was cancer (n = 565, 48.6 %), followed by cardiac (n = 94, 8.1 %), and VTE (n = 38, 3.2 %). Most recurrent VTE events were DVT alone (n = 564, 63.3 %), with the remainder PE, (n = 236, 27.3 %), or PE in combination with DVT (n = 63, 7.3 %).Interpretation: GARFIELD-VTE provides a global perspective of anticoagulation patterns and highlights the accumulation of events within the first 12 months after diagnosis. These findings may help identify treatment gaps for subsequent interventions to improve patient outcomes in this patient population

ILC Reference Design Report Volume 1 - Executive Summary

The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^34 cm^-2s^-1. This report is the Executive Summary (Volume I) of the four volume Reference Design Report. It gives an overview of the physics at the ILC, the accelerator design and value estimate, the detector concepts, and the next steps towards project realization.The International Linear Collider (ILC) is a 200-500 GeV center-of-mass high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider, based on 1.3 GHz superconducting radio-frequency (SCRF) accelerating cavities. The ILC has a total footprint of about 31 km and is designed for a peak luminosity of 2x10^34 cm^-2s^-1. This report is the Executive Summary (Volume I) of the four volume Reference Design Report. It gives an overview of the physics at the ILC, the accelerator design and value estimate, the detector concepts, and the next steps towards project realization