Multi-locus phylogeny of Pleosporales: a taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary re-evaluation

Five loci, nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2, are used for analysing 129 pleosporalean taxa representing 59 genera and 15 families in the current classification of Pleosporales. The suborder Pleosporineae is emended to include four families, viz. Didymellaceae, Leptosphaeriaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae and Pleosporaceae. In addition, two new families are introduced, i.e. Amniculicolaceae and Lentitheciaceae. Pleomassariaceae is treated as a synonym of Melanommataceae, and new circumscriptions of Lophiostomataceae s. str, Massarinaceae and Lophiotrema are proposed. Familial positions of Entodesmium and Setomelanomma in Phaeosphaeriaceae, Neophaeosphaeria in Leptosphaeriaceae, Leptosphaerulina, Macroventuria and Platychora in Didymellaceae, Pleomassaria in Melanommataceae and Bimuria, Didymocrea, Karstenula and Paraphaeosphaeria in Montagnulaceae are clarified. Both ecological and morphological characters show varying degrees of phylogenetic significance. Pleosporales is most likely derived from a saprobic ancestor with fissitunicate asci containing conspicuous ocular chambers and apical rings. Nutritional shifts in Pleosporales likely occured from saprotrophic to hemibiotrophic or biotrophic

A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes

We present a comprehensive phylogeny derived from 5 genes, nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1 and RPB2, for 356 isolates and 41 families (six newly described in this volume) in Dothideomycetes. All currently accepted orders in the class are represented for the first time in addition to numerous previously unplaced lineages. Subclass Pleosporomycetidae is expanded to include the aquatic order Jahnulales. An ancestral reconstruction of basic nutritional modes supports numerous transitions from saprobic life histories to plant associated and lichenised modes and a transition from terrestrial to aquatic habitats are confirmed. Finally, a genomic comparison of 6 dothideomycete genomes with other fungi finds a high level of unique protein associated with the class, supporting its delineation as a separate taxon

Gamma irradiation and reburial as potential novel passive conservation treatment for waterlogged archaeological timbers of the Mary Rose

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX186446 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Phylogenetic and morphological assessment of two new species of Amniculicola and their allies (Pleosporales)

Two new species of Amniculicola, A. immersa sp. nov. and A. parva sp. nov. from submerged wood in a freshwater environment in Denmark and France are respectively described and illustrated. In addition, partial 28S rDNA sequence data is analysed to investigate their phylogenetic relationships with other pleosporalean taxa. All presently known Amniculicola species, A. immersa, A. lignicola and A. parva, form a robust clade together with the anamorphic species Anguillospora longissima, Spirosphaera cupreorufescens and Repetophragma ontariense. These six species, which are all from freshwater and mostly from Europe, constitute a well-supported group containing Pleospora rubicunda and Massariosphaeria typhicola. This putative monophyletic assemblage may represent an aquatic group in the Pleosporales. It is also pertinent that all five ascomycete taxa in this group stain their host substrates purple

Towards a phylogenetic clarification of Lophiostoma / Massarina and morphologically similar genera in the Pleosporales

Lophiostoma, Lophiotrema and Massarina are similar genera that are difficult to distinguish morphologically. In order to obtain a better understanding of these genera, lectotype material of the generic types, Lophiostoma macrostomun, Lophiotrema nucula and Massarina eburnea were examined and are re-described. The phylogeny of these genera is investigated based oil the analysis of 26 Lophiostoma- and Massarina-like taxa and three genes - 18S, 28S rDNA and RPB2. These taxa formed five well-supported sub-clades in Pleosporales. This Study confirms that both Lophiostoma and Massarina are polyphyletic. Massarina-like taxa can presently be differentiated into two groups - the Lentithecium group and the Massarina group. Of these, the type species M. eburnea together with the Massarina group represents Massarina sensu stricto. Lophiostoma taxa Clustered in two groups - one group, including the type species L. macrostomum, is characterized by fusiform, hyaline one-septate ascospores which are pigmented and 3-septate when senescent, clavate asci, and apical structures which are highly variable, being crest-like in L. macrostomum, all umbilicate pore surrounded by 4-6 radial ridges in L. rugulosum, or papillate in L. glabrotunicatum. The second group comprises Lophiostoma species with heavily pigmented multi-septate ascospores and compressed crests. Lophiotrema species including the type species L. nucula form a monophyletic group. One new genus - Lentithecium with five new species - Lentithecium aquaticum, Lophiostoma glabrotunicatum, L. rugulosum, Lophiotrema brunneosporum and L. lignicola and three new combinations - Lentithecium arundinaceum, L. fluviatile and L. lineare are introduced in this paper

Hypolithic and soil microbial community assembly along an aridity gradient in the Namib Desert

The Namib Desert is considered the oldest desert in the world and hyperarid for the last 5 million years. However, the environmental buffering provided by quartz and other translucent rocks supports extensive hypolithic microbial communities. In this study, open soil and hypolithic microbial communities have been investigated along an East–West transect characterized by an inverse fog-rainfall gradient. Multivariate analysis showed that structurally different microbial communities occur in soil and in hypolithic zones. Using variation partitioning, we found that hypolithic communities exhibited a fog-related distribution as indicated by the significant East–West clustering. Sodium content was also an important environmental factor affecting the composition of both soil and hypolithic microbial communities. Finally, although null models for patterns in microbial communities were not supported by experimental data, the amount of unexplained variation (68–97 %) suggests that stochastic processes also play a role in the assembly of such communities in the Namib Desert

Taxonomic and functional diversity of soil and hypolithic microbial communities in Miers Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are an extreme polar desert. Mineral soils support subsurface microbial communities and translucent rocks support development of hypolithic communities on ventral surfaces in soil contact. Despite significant research attention, relatively little is known about taxonomic and functional diversity or their inter-relationships. Here we report a combined diversity and functional interrogation for soil and hypoliths of the Miers Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The study employed 16S rRNA fingerprinting and high throughput sequencing combined with the GeoChip functional microarray. The soil community was revealed as a highly diverse reservoir of bacterial diversity dominated by actinobacteria. Hypolithic communities were less diverse and dominated by cyanobacteria. Major differences in putative functionality were that soil communities displayed greater diversity in stress tolerance and recalcitrant substrate utilization pathways, whilst hypolithic communities supported greater diversity of nutrient limitation adaptation pathways. A relatively high level of functional redundancy in both soil and hypoliths may indicate adaptation of these communities to fluctuating environmental conditions.Peer Reviewe

Differential Colonization and Succession of Microbial Communities in Rock and Soil Substrates on a Maritime Antarctic Glacier Forefield

10.3389/fmicb.2020.00126Frontiers in Microbiology1112