A Century of Czech Tramping

The article describes the history and major characteristics of an independent Czech youth movement called “tramping.” The movement originated in the 1910s-1920s as an unorganized offshoot of boy scouting and E. T. Seton’s Woodcraft and quickly became popular among urban teens and young adults. It was simply a way of spending time outdoors with friends at first, heavily influenced by early western movies and Wild West aesthetics in general, but became a distinctive subculture and cultural phenomenon during the following decades. Some of its unique aspects include specific music, slang, art and dress code. Czech tramping is also an interesting example of an early youth subculture, which is comparable to post-WW2 subcultures and which survived into the present day although its participants were often persecuted, especially under the communist regime. Another topic discussed is the fact that the movement kept its independence even under political pressure, rejected all attempts to organize it hierarchically and while it sometimes had a dimension of a protest culture in the 20th century, it can be considered to be apolitical in general.

Zóna odcizení: mentální obraz postindustriální krajiny?

Essa

History of the Slavonic Monastery during the Hussite and Utraquist Period

Michal POHUNEK, History of the Slavonic Monastery during the Hussite and Utraquist Period. Praha 2022. Doctoral dissertation. Abstract History of the Slavonic Monastery during the Hussite and Utraquist Period is a systematic and critical dissertation on the history of the Slavonic Monastery in the New Town of Prague and its monastic community in the period 1419-1471. For a deeper understanding of the events of the period, the research also considers the context of the events which occurred before and after this period and examines the relationship between the monastic tradition of the Order of Saint Benedict and the reforming spirit of the Hussite movement in fifteenth century Bohemia. The study examines the character of the mass liturgy performed at the monastery at the time and discusses the local monastic community's loyalty to monastic ideals and its relationship to radical movements in the fifteenth century. The community's relationship to the monastery's immediate surroundings is also discussed, and a general historical overview of the period is given, including a chapter on the movements and fate of the famous Reims Gospel.Michal POHUNEK, Dějiny kláštera Na Slovanech v době husitské a poděbradské. Praha 2022. Disertační práce. Abstrakt Disertační práce Dějiny kláštera Na Slovanech v době husitské a poděbradské zpracovává systematicky a kriticky dějiny klášterní komunity kláštera Na Slovanech na Novém Městě pražském v letech 1419-1471, přičemž je přihlíženo také k událostem předchozím a pozdějším, pokud to umožňuje lépe vykreslit dění ve zkoumané době. Základní problematikou je zde vztah mnišských ideálů v tradici řehole svatého Benedikta a reformního ducha husitského hnutí v Čechách patnáctého století. Mimo to jsou zde zpracovány otázky charakteru v tehdejším klášteře sloužené mešní liturgie, věrnosti zdejší komunity mnišským ideálům a vztahu komunity kláštera k radikálním hnutím patnáctého století. Část disertace se také věnuje vztahům komunity k bližšímu okolí kláštera a vytvoření obecně historického přehledu o sledovaném objektu. Najdeme zde i kapitolu o osudech slavného Remešského evangeliáře.Ústav dějin křesťanského uměníInstitute of Christian Art HistoryCatholic Theological FacultyKatolická teologická fakult

Reflection of archaeologized landscape elements in ethnographic resources

Odraz archeologizovaných krajinných prvků v etnografických pramenech Mgr. Jan Pohunek Abstrakt: Práce se zabývá současnými folklorními interpretacemi významu opuštěných a zanikajících staveb a dalších typů umělých nemovitých památek. Sledovány jsou také vzájemné vztahy těchto interpretací na jedné straně a způsobů, jakými jsou taková místa v současnosti nejčastěji využívána, na straně druhé. Vychází z etnografického výzkumu prováděného v rámci České republiky, který byl postaven zejména na rozhovorech s respondenty a kritické práci s písemnými, audiovizuálními a elektronickými prameny. Na příkladu vybraných lokalit jsou rozebírány způsoby, jakými se může utvářet význam opuštěného, archeologizujícího se místa s ohledem na jeho fyzickou podobu, historii a další typy vlastností. V sekci věnované slovesnému folkloru je dále podán návrh kategorizace motivů sebraných pověstí, které jsou uvedeny v přiloženém katalogu, a je zde diskutována vzájemná podmíněnost jednotlivých dílčích motivů charakterem místa a typem aktivity, která je na něm prováděna. Ve výsledku je možné říci, že jednotlivá opuštěná místa nejsou z hlediska percepce živou kulturou a rejstříku k nim vztaženého slovesného folkloru zaměnitelná - výrazné odlišnosti je možné pozorovat například v závislosti na tom, nakolik má místo přírodní charakter, zda...Reflection of archaeologized landscape elements in ethnographic resources Mgr. Jan Pohunek Abstract: This thesis discusses contemporary folklore interpretations of meanings of abandoned and decaying buildings and other types of artificial immovable monuments. Mutual relations between these interpretations and modes of place usage are also being observed. The research is based on ethnographic survey focused on Czech republic and including primarily interviews with various respondents and crtitical analysis of written, electronic and audiovisual resources. Aside from general part of the research, several sites were chosen as a more in-depth example of formation of meanings belonging to an archaeologizing place, a complex proces influenced by the history of the site, its physical appearance and other attributes. An attached catalogue includes collected contemporary legends related to abandoned places and a system of categorization of their motifs is offered. This collection is further discussed, especially with regard to ways how character of a location and activities that take place here influence appearance of various motifs. In general, it can be said that different abandoned places are also perceived differently and there are groups of motifs that are more characteristic for certain categories of places....Institute of EthnologyÚstav etnologieFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

RESPIRATORY SOUNDS AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION IN ASTHMA DIAGNOSIS

Around 300 million people all over the world at all age level suffer from asthma [1]. Patients with this disease have primarily difficult breathing with wheezing in respiratory sounds, cough and feeling of constricted chest. Therefore their physical activity is strongly limited [2]. Nowadays, there are several methods for asthma diagnosis, for example spirometry, measuring of peaks of expiratory velocity or measuring of bronchial reactivity. Although these methods are sufficiently reliable in most cases, they have also some imperfections, which are obvious especially by diagnosing of badly collaborating patients, e.g. small children aged up to three years. These infants can’t provide operations required for diagnosis, so results performed diagnosis are not reliable. For this reason, there is an idea of developing non invasive method of asthma diagnosis and other pulmonary diseases that would not need collaboration of patient [3]. One of the most probably working usable principles is comparison of air flow in airways of healthy and ill person. The difference of the air flow is caused by bronchial obstruction and constriction of airways of patient. There are other sounds and wheezing in the respiratory sounds detectable during breathing as a typical manifestation of the disease [4]. These phenomena can be detected by hearing of sound or by harmonic analysis

Bronchodilating effects of extrafine beclometasone dipropionate and formoterol fumarate via pressurized metered dose inhaler in asthmatic children

Introduction: in asthmatic children older than 5 years, the GINA guidelines 2012 update recommend to add inhaled long-acting b2- agonists (LABA) when the disease is not adequately controlled with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone. Controlled studies have shown that fixed combination therapies are as effective as giving each drug separately and may increase patients’ compliance. A paediatric extrafine fixed combination of beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) and formoterol fumarate (FF) via pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) containing 50mg of BDP and 6mg of FF per actuation (CHF1535) was developed by Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A. (Parma, Italy)

Semi-automated detection of ungulates using UAV imagery and reflective spectrometry

Supplementary electronic material 1: The ‘Adult Arabian Oryx’ rule set.In the field of species conservation, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is increasing in popularity as wildlife observation and monitoring tools. With large datasets created by UAV-based species surveying, the need arose to automate the detection process of the species. Although the use of computer learning algorithms for wildlife detection from UAV-derived imagery is an increasing trend, it depends on a large amount of imagery of the species to train the object detector effectively. However, there are alternatives like object-based image analysis (OBIA) software available if a large amount of imagery of the species is not available to develop a computer-learned object detector. The study tested the semi-automated detection of reintroduced Arabian Oryx (O. leucoryx), using the specie's coat sRGB-colour profiles as input for OBIA to identify adult O. leucoryx, applied to UAV acquired imagery. Our method uses lab-measured spectral reflection of hair sample values, collected from captive O. leucoryx as an input for OBIA ruleset to identify adult O. leucoryx from UAV survey imagery using semi-automated supervised classification. The converted mean CIE Lab reflective spectrometry colour values of n = 50 hair samples of adult O. leucoryx to 8-bit sRGB-colour profiles of the species resulted in the red-band value of 157.450, the green-band value of 151.390 and blue-band value of 140.832. The sRGB values and a minimum size permitter were added as the input of the OBIA ruleset identified adult O. leucoryx with a high degree of efficiency when applied to three UAV census datasets. Using species sRGB-colour profiles to identify re-introduced O. leucoryx and extract location data using a non-invasive UAV-based tool is a novel method with enormous application possibilities. Coat refection sRGB-colour profiles can be developed for a range of species and customised to autodetect and classify the species from remote sensing data.The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague and by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czechia.https://www.elsevier.com/locate/jenvmanhj2023Veterinary Tropical Disease

A Blue Print for a Worldwide Multimodal Regime

Resumen: En el nº 2 de 2010 de CDT se publicó un manifiesto del llamado “Grupo de los 9” titulado “Particular concerns with regard to the Rotterdam Rules” en el que estos destacados profesores y juristas expresaban sus dudas acerca de este nuevo instrumento internacional. Este Grupo ofrece ahora un nuevo manifiesto que supone un paso adelante en el que se indica que a pesar de la innegable necesidad de poner al día las Reglas de La Haya-Visby, y de las aportaciones efectuadas en tal sentido por las Reglas de Rótterdam, las perspectivas de éxito de estas últimas se ven ensombrecidas por su pretensión de extenderse más allá de lo que en puridad debía ser su objeto, el transporte marítimo, para convertirse en el texto de referencia para el transporte multimodal que cuente con una fase marítima. Lejos de contribuir a un verdadero y efectivo régimen unificado de la multimodalidad, plantea nuevas dudas a la hora de determinar qué régimen, de entro los existentes para cada tipo de transporte, debe ser de aplicación en cada caso. Mientras tanto, parece que para conseguir los objetivos referidos al transporte marítimo de las Reglas de Rótterdam habría bastado con la introducción de Protocolos a las Reglas de La Haya-Visby, dejando que lo concerniente al transporte multimodal continuara por la senda establecida a tal efecto por el CMR, cuyo sistema quizás debiera traspasar las fronteras europeas con el impulso de las diferentes instituciones internacionales. Palabras clave: Reglas de Rotterdam, transporte multimodal, transporte marítimo, Reglas de La Haya-Visby, CMR.  Abstract: In the issue n. 2 of 2010 of CDT it was published a manifesto of the so-called “Group of the 9” under the title of “Particular concerns with regard to the Rotterdam Rules” where these renowned scholars and attorneys expressed their doubts about this new international legal instrument. The Group offers now a new manifesto providing a step further whereby they indicate that notwithstanding the undeniable necessity to update the Hague-Visby Rules and the contributions carried out in this direction by the Rotterdam Rules, success expectations of the latter rules are hindered because of the aim to expand the scope of application beyond their object in strict sense, namely maritime transport, so as to become the text of reference as for every multimodal transport that includes a sea leg. Far from contributing to a real and effective multimodal unified regime, new doubts arise when determining which regime, of all those for each type of transport, shall apply in each case. In any event, it seems that in order to reach the objectives appointed to by the Rotterdam Rules, introducing Protocols to the Hague-Visby Rules would have been good enough, whereas all that related to multimodal transport continues by the CMR established paths, a system which should trespass European borders with the help of different international institutions. Key words: Rotterdam Rules, multimodal transport, maritime transport, Hague-Visby Rules, CMR

Prevalence of Tidal Expiratory Flow Limitation in Preschool Children with and without Respiratory Symptoms: Application of the Negative Expiratory Pressure (NEP) Method

Summary Negative expiratory pressure (NEP) applied at the mouth during tidal expiration provides a non-invasive method for detecting expiratory flow limitation. Forty-two children were studied, i.e. NR). The frequency of upper airway collapses was higher in R group (12 children) than in NR group (5 children). In conclusion, a high frequency of tidal FL in the R group was found, while it was not present in NR group. A relatively high frequency of expiratory upper airway collapses was found in both groups, but it did not differ significantly. NEP method represents a reasonable approach for tidal flow limitation testing in non-sedated preschool children