Space lattice focusing: on the way to extremely low accelerated beam divergence

It is widely known the multiple channel acceleration is the most adequate way to save initial beam parameters due to the possibility of decreasing Coulomb forces in intensive input beams. To keep beam initial emittance and divergence for high enough specific value of the injection ion beam during acceleration the input beam should be split on multiple beams and every the micro beam must be screened from each other as much as possible. On the other hand, it is very much desirable to keep the total macro beam rather compact transversally and try to accelerate all the micro beams within the same accelerator structure at the same RF field. Attempts to use conventional quadruple focusing channels both RF and electrostatic for multiple beam acceleration usually lead to extremely complicate and bulky construction of the structure. We suppose multiple beam linac channels with alternating phase focusing (APF) as more adequate for the purpose while they are limited by less values of beam capture into acceleration process. The original version of the quadruple RF focusing multiple beam system called space lattice focusing (SLF) is supposed for getting intensive ion beam with extremely low divergence. The basic principles of the theoretical approach as well as some possible advances and restrictions for the practical use in RF linac are supposed to be discussed. (5 refs)

Psychological approach in teaching English

The aspect of foreign language learning is one of the most important issues in TPU since its mission is to increase the competitiveness of the country and provide education of engineering elite by the internalization of the research. Thus the question of the most effective approach in teaching a foreign language becomes vital. Most of the standard methods in teaching a foreign language presented here focus on the analysis, instead we suggest to apply a psychological approach which concentrates on the integrity of the language. Изучение иностранного языка является одним из самых важных вопросов в Томском политехническом университете; его миссия - повышение конкурентоспособности страны и обеспечение подготовки инженерной элиты за счет интернационализации исследований. Так, вопрос поиска наиболее эффективного метода обучения иностранному языку выходит на первое место. Большинство общепринятых методов сконцентрированы на анализе изучаемого материала, разбивающего язык на отдельные аспекты; в данной работе предлагается психологический подход в изучении иностранного языка с акцентом на его целостности

The solution of elements in the molten system AlCl3-NaCl

The solubility of Hg, P, Mn, W, Mo, Cu, Si and S in molten 1:1 AlCl3 - NaCl was measured to 150-370 deg. Except with S, there is no chemical reaction between the solutes and the solvent

Psychological approach in teaching English

The aspect of foreign language learning is one of the most important issues in TPU since its mission is to increase the competitiveness of the country and provide education of engineering elite by the internalization of the research. Thus the question of the most effective approach in teaching a foreign language becomes vital. Most of the standard methods in teaching a foreign language presented here focus on the analysis, instead we suggest to apply a psychological approach which concentrates on the integrity of the language. Изучение иностранного языка является одним из самых важных вопросов в Томском политехническом университете; его миссия - повышение конкурентоспособности страны и обеспечение подготовки инженерной элиты за счет интернационализации исследований. Так, вопрос поиска наиболее эффективного метода обучения иностранному языку выходит на первое место. Большинство общепринятых методов сконцентрированы на анализе изучаемого материала, разбивающего язык на отдельные аспекты; в данной работе предлагается психологический подход в изучении иностранного языка с акцентом на его целостности

Improvement of Thermal and Mechanic Flow Characteristics in the Intake System of the Piston Engine with Turbocharging

Currently the turbocharging is actively used in piston engines to increase their technical and economic indicators. The efficiency of piston engines with turbocharging significantly depends on perfection of processes in the intake and exhaust systems. Results of experimental researches of unsteady gas dynamics and heat transfer in the intake system of the piston engine with a turbocharger are presented in the article. Studies were conducted on full-scale model of the single-cylinder engine with a turbocharger. It is shown that significant pulsations of pressure and flow occur in the intake system of the piston engine during the entire working cycle. The method of stabilization of flows in the intake system due to the controlled discharge of excess air after the turbocharger is proposed. This method will reduce the difference in the cylinders of multi-cylinder engine, reduce noise, increase reliability, and increase the efficiency of the turbocharger

Continuous Dependence of Solutions of Quasidifferential Equations with Non-Fixed Time of Impulses

In this article on quasidifferential equation with non-fixed time of impulses we consider the continuous dependence of the solutions on the initial conditions as well as the mappings defined by these equations. We prove general theorems for quasidifferential equations from which follows corresponding results for differential equations, differential inclusion and equations with Hukuhara derivative

Formation of triplet molecular states in molecular photonics and radiation chemistry

The mechanism of formation of triplet excited states of molecular systems in photonics and radiation chemistry has been considered. Intersystem crossing processes, two-photon excitation of high triplet states, and their evolution are discussed. The specific features of the formation of triplet states in radiation chemistry have been considered. Examples of using the concepts of triplet states in various fields, such as molecular luminescence, photochemistry, radiation chemistry, photodynamic therapy, design of organic light-emitting diodes, and information recording, are presented

Method of Averaging for Impulsive Differential Inclusions

AMS subject classification: Primary 49N25, Secondary 49J24, 49J25.The paper deals with impulsive differential inclusions in the euclidean space. The main purpose is to justify the method of averaging in the case of bounded and asymptotically small impulses. The obtained results, which are based on the condition of an integral continuity, generalize the first Bogoljubov’s theorem for the method of averaging.This work is partially supported by Grant No MM 807/98 of the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science

Thermodynamic uncertainty relation as a fundamental aspect of quantum thermodynamics

The paper addresses physics of thermodynamic fluctuations in temperature and energy. These fluctuations are interrelated and, hence, can affect various micro- and macro systems. It is shown that the thermodynamic uncertainty relation must be taken into account in the physics of superconductivity, in quantum computations and other branches of science, where temperature and energy fluctuations play a critical role. One of the most important applications of quantum thermodynamics is quantum computers. It is assumed that in the near future the state structures will create a specific quantum cryptocurrency obtained using quantumcomputing. The quantum cryptocurrency exhibits two main features: the maximum reliability (quantum protection against hacking threats) and the possibility of state control (at the moment, only large scientific state centers have quantum computers). The paper reviews the studies aimed to theoretically prove the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation. This relation connects fluctuations in temperature and energy of a system. Other similar relations are considered, including the relationshipbetween fluctuations in pressure and volume, in entropy and temperature, and others. The main purpose of the paper is to validate the thermodynamic analogue of the uncertainty relation that interconnects temperature and energy fluctuations