46 research outputs found

    Current challenges and future perspectives for the full circular economy of water in European countries

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    This paper reviews the current problems and prospects to overcome circular water economy management challenges in European countries. The geopolitical paradigm of water, the water economy, water innovation, water management and regulation in Europe, environmental and safety concerns at water reuse, and technological solutions for water recovery are all covered in this review, which has been prepared in the frame of the COST ACTION (CA, 20133) FULLRECO4US, Working Group (WG) 4. With a Circular Economy approach to water recycling and recovery based on this COST Action, this review paper aims to develop novel, futuristic solutions to overcome the difficulties that the European Union (EU) is currently facing. The detailed review of the current environmental barriers and upcoming difficulties for water reuse in Europe with a Circular Economy vision is another distinctive aspect of this study. It is observed that the biggest challenge in using and recycling water from wastewater treatment plants is dealing with technical, social, political, and economic issues. For instance, geographical differences significantly affect technological problems, and it is effective in terms of social acceptance of the reuse of treated water. Local governmental organizations should support and encourage initiatives to expand water reuse, particularly for agricultural and industrial uses across all of Europe. It should not also be disregarded that the latest hydro politics approach to water management will actively contribute to addressing the issues associated with water scarcity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    FosforÄtervinning frÄn avloppsrening med sidoströmshydrolys

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    Fosfor kan utvinnas frĂ„n sidoströmshydrolys i reningsverk med biologisk fosforavskiljning. Lösligt fosfat frigörs vid hydrolys av returslam som Ă€r anaerob behandling dĂ€r kolkĂ€lla framstĂ€lls av slammet. Olika varianter för Ă„tervinnning frĂ„n sidoström Ă€r t.ex. PhoStrip-processen, dĂ€r fosfor utvinns frĂ„n returslammet av fosforrikt slam frĂ„n aktivslamprocesser med biologisk fosforreduktion. Ett annat alternativ Ă€r att Ă„tervinna fosfor frĂ„n en sidoström som tas ut frĂ„n den anaeroba delen av aktivslamprocessen, dĂ€r fosfor har frigjorts till lösningen. FosforĂ„tervinning frĂ„n fosforrik partiell sidoström berĂ€knas ge en fosforĂ„tervinning pĂ„ 60-65%. Försök har utförts med slam frĂ„n sidoströmshydrolys vid en process med biologisk fosforavskiljning. Efter separation av vattenfasen fĂ€lldes fosforn dels med magnesium och dels med kalcium vilket gav en utfĂ€llning av fosfor pĂ„ 79 – 100 %. Vid fĂ€llning med magnesium bildades struvit (MgNH4PO4), och med kalcium kalciumfosfat (Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6). Analys av slam före (100 mg P/l) och efter slamhydrolysen visar att 20 % fosfor 20 mg P/l frigörs till vattenfasen. 124 ton fosfor i inkommande avlopp och 20 % frigöring av fosfor vid slamhydrolysen borde ge en fosforĂ„tervinningspotential pĂ„ 25 ton. Dock, med ett flöde av 54 m3/h genom slamhydrolysen blir fosforĂ„tervinningspotential 9,5 ton per Ă„r.Phosphorus can be extracted from side stream hydrolysis in treatment plants with biological phosphorus removal. Soluble phosphate released during the hydrolysis of return sludge is anaerobic treatment where the carbon source is produced from sludge. Different variants for recycling, from the side stream, for example, PhoStrip process in which phosphorus is recovered from the return sludge of phosphorus rich sludge from the activated sludge processes with biological phosphorus removal. Another alternative is to recover phosphorus from a side stream withdrawn from the anaerobic active sludge process, where phosphorus is released to the solution. Phosphorus recovery from phosphorous partial side stream is expected to give a phosphorus recovery of 60-65%. Experiments have been carried out with sludge from side stream hydrolysis at a process with biological phosphorus removal. After separation of the aqueous phase phosphorous was precipitated with both magnesium and calcium, which gave a precipitation of phosphorus at 79 to 100%. At precipitation with magnesium struvite (MgNH4PO4) was formed and calcium phosphate (Ca 10 (OH)2(PO4)6) with calcium. Analysis of the sludge before (100 mg P/l) and the sludge after the hydrolysis shows that 20% phosphorus 20 mg P/l is released to the water phase. With 124 tons per year phosphorus in the incoming sewage and a release of 20 % be in the sludge hydrolysis, the phosphorus recovery potential should be 25 tons per year. However, with a flow of 54 m3/h through the sludge hydrolysis is phosphorus recovery potential will be 9.5 tons per year.QC 20161007</p

    17. Resource Management and the Technology of Clean Water

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    Production of volatile fatty acids through co-digestion of sewage sludge and external organic waste : Effect of substrate proportions and long-term operation

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    Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are intermediates of anaerobic digestion with high value and wide range ofusage. Co-digestion of sewage sludge and external organic waste (OW) for VFA production can helpachieve both resource recovery and ensure sustainable and innovative waste management. In view ofthis, the effect of substrate proportions on VFA production from co-digestion of primary sewage sludgeand OW is studied. Long-term operation in a semi-continuous reactor was performed to assess the resilienceof such a system and the VFA-rich effluent was tested for its ability to be used as carbon source fordenitrification. Co-digestion was initially carried out in batch reactors with OW proportion of 0%, 25%,50%, 75%, 100% in terms of COD and scaled up in a semi-continuous reactor operation with 50% OW.In the short-term operation in the batch mode, acetic acid dominated, however, increasing OW fractionresulted in increased valeric and caproic acid production. Moreover, in the long-term semi-continuousoperation, caproic acid dominated, accounting for 55% of VFAs. The VFA-rich effluent from the semicontinuousreactor achieved the highest denitrification rate as a carbon source when compared withacetic acid and methanol. The results demonstrate that co-fermentation can increase VFA yield and shiftproducts from acetic acid to caproic acid in long-term operation and the VFAs can be used withinwastewater treatment plants to close the loop.QC 20200703</p

    Pilotförsök med MABR pÄ Ekeby avloppsreningsverk : Teknisk rapport av ESEM, KTH &amp; Sweco

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    This pilot project with membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was performed at Ekeby sewage treatment plant in Eskilstuna, Sweden. Ekeby faces a future challenge with growing population, where higher processing capacity is needed and new requirements for total nitrogen &lt;10 mg/L in the discharge, according to the new standard. MABR, a newly developed technology with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, was chosen as a promising technique to cope with the challenge. The trials were conducted for a 230 days period from July 12, 2017 to February 28, 2018.The pilot was designed as an activated sludge process with pre-denitrification with first an anaerobic tank where Zeelung membrane modules were placed, followed by an aerobic tank and finally a sedimentation unit where the return sludge was returned to the inlet. The feed water for the pilot comes from the treatkment plant's pre-sedimentation. Several analyzes were made on the inflow to the MABR reactor, in the volume with the Zeelung module, in the aerated volume and in outflow from the sedimentation tank. Ammonium content in incoming flow was 27 mg/L at the start of the trial to decrease to an average of 16 mg/L after day 60. Temperature in the inflow decreased during the experiment from 20 °C to 10 °C at day 124, to then stabilize on 12 °C. The reduction of organic material, such as BOD7, decreased from 90% at the start to 60% at the end of the trial, which is attributable to a lack of sludge separation in the final sedimentation.Nitrogen separation increased from 32 % at the start of the trial to an average of 53 % at the end of the trial. Nitrification in the Zeelung module increased from 27 % of oxidized nitrogen at the start of the experiment to 45 % at the end of the experiment. Along with the nitrification in the air volume, the nitrification of ammonium was almost total until day 175, January 3, when it fell sharply to the minimum 40 % on January 23, day 195, due to a combination of load and sludge from the sedimentation stage resulting in a shortened and insufficient sludge age. When the availability of organic carbon for denitrification was considered insufficient to cope with operation at low water temperature, and in combination with low levels of dissolved COD in incoming sewage, acetate was added from day 121. Prior to the addition of carbon source, the denitrification rate was on average 40% after the addition of carbon source, go up to 60% at the end of the test. The processes in the Zeelung module showed better operational stability than in the subsequent aerobic reactor.Detta pilotprojekt med membranluftad biofilmreaktor (MABR) utfördes pÄ Ekeby avloppsreningsverk i Eskilstuna, Sverige. Ekeby stÄr inför en framtida utmaning med vÀxande befolkning dÀr högre behandlingskapacitet behövs och nya krav pÄ totalkvÀve &lt;10 mg/L i utflödet enligt den nya standarden. MABR som Àr en nyutvecklad teknik med samtidig nitrifikation och denitrifikation, valdes som en lovande teknik för att klara utmaningen. Försöken utfördes under 230 dagar frÄn 12 juli 2017 till 28 februari 2018.Piloten var utformad som en aktivslamprocess med fördenitrifikation med först en anaerob tank dÀr Zeelung-membranmoduler var placerade, följt av en aerob tank och slutligen en sedimenteringsenhet dÀr returslammet fördes tillbaka till inloppet. Matarvattnet till piloten kommer frÄn reningsverkets försedimentering. Flertal analyser gjordes pÄ inflödet till MABR-reaktorn, i volymen med Zeelung-modulen, i luftade volymen samt i utgÄende flöde frÄn sedimenteringstanken. Ammoniumhalten i inkommande flöde var 27 mg/L vid försökets start för att sjunka till i medeltal 16 mg/L efter dag 60. Temperatur i inflödet sjönk under försökets gÄng frÄn 20 °C till 10 °C, dag 124, för att dÀrefter stabiliseras pÄ 12 °C. Reduktionen av organiskt material som BOD7 minskade frÄn 90 % vid försökets start till 60 % vid försökets slut, vilket kan hÀnföras till en bristfÀllig slamseparation i slutsedimenteringen.KvÀveavskiljningen ökade frÄn 32 % vid försökets start till i medeltal 53 % vid försökets slut. Nitrifikationen i Zeelung-modulen ökade frÄn 27 % av oxiderat kvÀve vid försökets start till 45 % vid försökets slut. Tillsammans med nitrifikationen i den luftade volymen var nitrifikationen av ammonium nÀstan total fram till 3 januari, dag 175, dÄ den föll kraftigt till som minst 40% dag 195, beroende pÄ en kombination av belastning och slamflykt frÄn sedimenteringssteget, 23 januari, vilket resulterade i en förkortad och otillrÀcklig slamÄlder. DÄ tillgÄngen pÄ organiskt kol för denitrifikation bedömdes som otillrÀckligt för att klara funktionen vid lÄga vattentemperaturer, och i kombination med lÄg halt löst COD i inkommande avlopp, tillsattes acetatet frÄn dag 121. Före tillsatsen av kolkÀlla lÄg denitrifikationsgraden pÄ i genomsnitt 40 %, för att efter tillsatts av kolkÀlla gÄ upp till 60 % vid försökets slut. Processerna i Zeelung-modulen uppvisade bÀttre driftsstabilitet Àn i den efterföljande aeroba reaktordelen.QC 20181120</p

    Pilotförsök med MABR pÄ Ekeby avloppsreningsverk : Teknisk rapport av ESEM, KTH &amp; Sweco

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    This pilot project with membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was performed at Ekeby sewage treatment plant in Eskilstuna, Sweden. Ekeby faces a future challenge with growing population, where higher processing capacity is needed and new requirements for total nitrogen &lt;10 mg/L in the discharge, according to the new standard. MABR, a newly developed technology with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, was chosen as a promising technique to cope with the challenge. The trials were conducted for a 230 days period from July 12, 2017 to February 28, 2018.The pilot was designed as an activated sludge process with pre-denitrification with first an anaerobic tank where Zeelung membrane modules were placed, followed by an aerobic tank and finally a sedimentation unit where the return sludge was returned to the inlet. The feed water for the pilot comes from the treatkment plant's pre-sedimentation. Several analyzes were made on the inflow to the MABR reactor, in the volume with the Zeelung module, in the aerated volume and in outflow from the sedimentation tank. Ammonium content in incoming flow was 27 mg/L at the start of the trial to decrease to an average of 16 mg/L after day 60. Temperature in the inflow decreased during the experiment from 20 °C to 10 °C at day 124, to then stabilize on 12 °C. The reduction of organic material, such as BOD7, decreased from 90% at the start to 60% at the end of the trial, which is attributable to a lack of sludge separation in the final sedimentation.Nitrogen separation increased from 32 % at the start of the trial to an average of 53 % at the end of the trial. Nitrification in the Zeelung module increased from 27 % of oxidized nitrogen at the start of the experiment to 45 % at the end of the experiment. Along with the nitrification in the air volume, the nitrification of ammonium was almost total until day 175, January 3, when it fell sharply to the minimum 40 % on January 23, day 195, due to a combination of load and sludge from the sedimentation stage resulting in a shortened and insufficient sludge age. When the availability of organic carbon for denitrification was considered insufficient to cope with operation at low water temperature, and in combination with low levels of dissolved COD in incoming sewage, acetate was added from day 121. Prior to the addition of carbon source, the denitrification rate was on average 40% after the addition of carbon source, go up to 60% at the end of the test. The processes in the Zeelung module showed better operational stability than in the subsequent aerobic reactor.Detta pilotprojekt med membranluftad biofilmreaktor (MABR) utfördes pÄ Ekeby avloppsreningsverk i Eskilstuna, Sverige. Ekeby stÄr inför en framtida utmaning med vÀxande befolkning dÀr högre behandlingskapacitet behövs och nya krav pÄ totalkvÀve &lt;10 mg/L i utflödet enligt den nya standarden. MABR som Àr en nyutvecklad teknik med samtidig nitrifikation och denitrifikation, valdes som en lovande teknik för att klara utmaningen. Försöken utfördes under 230 dagar frÄn 12 juli 2017 till 28 februari 2018.Piloten var utformad som en aktivslamprocess med fördenitrifikation med först en anaerob tank dÀr Zeelung-membranmoduler var placerade, följt av en aerob tank och slutligen en sedimenteringsenhet dÀr returslammet fördes tillbaka till inloppet. Matarvattnet till piloten kommer frÄn reningsverkets försedimentering. Flertal analyser gjordes pÄ inflödet till MABR-reaktorn, i volymen med Zeelung-modulen, i luftade volymen samt i utgÄende flöde frÄn sedimenteringstanken. Ammoniumhalten i inkommande flöde var 27 mg/L vid försökets start för att sjunka till i medeltal 16 mg/L efter dag 60. Temperatur i inflödet sjönk under försökets gÄng frÄn 20 °C till 10 °C, dag 124, för att dÀrefter stabiliseras pÄ 12 °C. Reduktionen av organiskt material som BOD7 minskade frÄn 90 % vid försökets start till 60 % vid försökets slut, vilket kan hÀnföras till en bristfÀllig slamseparation i slutsedimenteringen.KvÀveavskiljningen ökade frÄn 32 % vid försökets start till i medeltal 53 % vid försökets slut. Nitrifikationen i Zeelung-modulen ökade frÄn 27 % av oxiderat kvÀve vid försökets start till 45 % vid försökets slut. Tillsammans med nitrifikationen i den luftade volymen var nitrifikationen av ammonium nÀstan total fram till 3 januari, dag 175, dÄ den föll kraftigt till som minst 40% dag 195, beroende pÄ en kombination av belastning och slamflykt frÄn sedimenteringssteget, 23 januari, vilket resulterade i en förkortad och otillrÀcklig slamÄlder. DÄ tillgÄngen pÄ organiskt kol för denitrifikation bedömdes som otillrÀckligt för att klara funktionen vid lÄga vattentemperaturer, och i kombination med lÄg halt löst COD i inkommande avlopp, tillsattes acetatet frÄn dag 121. Före tillsatsen av kolkÀlla lÄg denitrifikationsgraden pÄ i genomsnitt 40 %, för att efter tillsatts av kolkÀlla gÄ upp till 60 % vid försökets slut. Processerna i Zeelung-modulen uppvisade bÀttre driftsstabilitet Àn i den efterföljande aeroba reaktordelen.QC 20181120</p

    Pilotförsök med MABR pÄ Ekeby avloppsreningsverk : Teknisk rapport av ESEM, KTH &amp; Sweco

    No full text
    This pilot project with membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) was performed at Ekeby sewage treatment plant in Eskilstuna, Sweden. Ekeby faces a future challenge with growing population, where higher processing capacity is needed and new requirements for total nitrogen &lt;10 mg/L in the discharge, according to the new standard. MABR, a newly developed technology with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, was chosen as a promising technique to cope with the challenge. The trials were conducted for a 230 days period from July 12, 2017 to February 28, 2018.The pilot was designed as an activated sludge process with pre-denitrification with first an anaerobic tank where Zeelung membrane modules were placed, followed by an aerobic tank and finally a sedimentation unit where the return sludge was returned to the inlet. The feed water for the pilot comes from the treatkment plant's pre-sedimentation. Several analyzes were made on the inflow to the MABR reactor, in the volume with the Zeelung module, in the aerated volume and in outflow from the sedimentation tank. Ammonium content in incoming flow was 27 mg/L at the start of the trial to decrease to an average of 16 mg/L after day 60. Temperature in the inflow decreased during the experiment from 20 °C to 10 °C at day 124, to then stabilize on 12 °C. The reduction of organic material, such as BOD7, decreased from 90% at the start to 60% at the end of the trial, which is attributable to a lack of sludge separation in the final sedimentation.Nitrogen separation increased from 32 % at the start of the trial to an average of 53 % at the end of the trial. Nitrification in the Zeelung module increased from 27 % of oxidized nitrogen at the start of the experiment to 45 % at the end of the experiment. Along with the nitrification in the air volume, the nitrification of ammonium was almost total until day 175, January 3, when it fell sharply to the minimum 40 % on January 23, day 195, due to a combination of load and sludge from the sedimentation stage resulting in a shortened and insufficient sludge age. When the availability of organic carbon for denitrification was considered insufficient to cope with operation at low water temperature, and in combination with low levels of dissolved COD in incoming sewage, acetate was added from day 121. Prior to the addition of carbon source, the denitrification rate was on average 40% after the addition of carbon source, go up to 60% at the end of the test. The processes in the Zeelung module showed better operational stability than in the subsequent aerobic reactor.Detta pilotprojekt med membranluftad biofilmreaktor (MABR) utfördes pÄ Ekeby avloppsreningsverk i Eskilstuna, Sverige. Ekeby stÄr inför en framtida utmaning med vÀxande befolkning dÀr högre behandlingskapacitet behövs och nya krav pÄ totalkvÀve &lt;10 mg/L i utflödet enligt den nya standarden. MABR som Àr en nyutvecklad teknik med samtidig nitrifikation och denitrifikation, valdes som en lovande teknik för att klara utmaningen. Försöken utfördes under 230 dagar frÄn 12 juli 2017 till 28 februari 2018.Piloten var utformad som en aktivslamprocess med fördenitrifikation med först en anaerob tank dÀr Zeelung-membranmoduler var placerade, följt av en aerob tank och slutligen en sedimenteringsenhet dÀr returslammet fördes tillbaka till inloppet. Matarvattnet till piloten kommer frÄn reningsverkets försedimentering. Flertal analyser gjordes pÄ inflödet till MABR-reaktorn, i volymen med Zeelung-modulen, i luftade volymen samt i utgÄende flöde frÄn sedimenteringstanken. Ammoniumhalten i inkommande flöde var 27 mg/L vid försökets start för att sjunka till i medeltal 16 mg/L efter dag 60. Temperatur i inflödet sjönk under försökets gÄng frÄn 20 °C till 10 °C, dag 124, för att dÀrefter stabiliseras pÄ 12 °C. Reduktionen av organiskt material som BOD7 minskade frÄn 90 % vid försökets start till 60 % vid försökets slut, vilket kan hÀnföras till en bristfÀllig slamseparation i slutsedimenteringen.KvÀveavskiljningen ökade frÄn 32 % vid försökets start till i medeltal 53 % vid försökets slut. Nitrifikationen i Zeelung-modulen ökade frÄn 27 % av oxiderat kvÀve vid försökets start till 45 % vid försökets slut. Tillsammans med nitrifikationen i den luftade volymen var nitrifikationen av ammonium nÀstan total fram till 3 januari, dag 175, dÄ den föll kraftigt till som minst 40% dag 195, beroende pÄ en kombination av belastning och slamflykt frÄn sedimenteringssteget, 23 januari, vilket resulterade i en förkortad och otillrÀcklig slamÄlder. DÄ tillgÄngen pÄ organiskt kol för denitrifikation bedömdes som otillrÀckligt för att klara funktionen vid lÄga vattentemperaturer, och i kombination med lÄg halt löst COD i inkommande avlopp, tillsattes acetatet frÄn dag 121. Före tillsatsen av kolkÀlla lÄg denitrifikationsgraden pÄ i genomsnitt 40 %, för att efter tillsatts av kolkÀlla gÄ upp till 60 % vid försökets slut. Processerna i Zeelung-modulen uppvisade bÀttre driftsstabilitet Àn i den efterföljande aeroba reaktordelen.QC 20181120</p

    Performance of partial nitritation-anammox processes at mainstream conditions in an IFAS system

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    The partial nitritation-anammox processes implementation in the main line of wastewater treatment plants would lead them closer to the energy autarky. With this purpose, an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor was operated at pilot scale. Efficient nitrogen removal (72 ± 11 %) was achieved for anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater at low temperature (21 - 15 ÂșC), with a nitrogen removal rate of 37 ± 3 g N/(m3·d) at 15 °C. The ammonium oxidizing bacteria were more abundant in the activated sludge, while anammox bacteria were primarily located in biofilm attached onto the carriers surface. Nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity was similar between both fractions and its specific activity decreased more than that of other populations when the operating temperature was reduced. Furthermore, the IFAS operational strategy (aerobic/anoxic periods) allowed an efficient NOB activity suppression inside the reactor, which accounted only for the 10 - 20 % of the maximum potential activityThis work was done within the Pioneer_STP (ID 199 (UE)/PCIN-2015-022 (AEI)/FR-2016/0002(Formas)) project funded by the WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call (Water JPI/Horizon 2020). A. Pedrouso also want to thank the support by a STSM Grant from COST Action Water_2020 (COST-STSM-ES1202-010216-076068) for her research stay at KTH in Sweden. The authors from the USC belong to CRETUS Strategic Partnership (ED418B 2017/075) and to the Galician Competitive Research Group (GRC-ED431C 2017/29). All these programs are co-funded by FEDER (UE). The authors from KTH belong to VA MĂ€lardalen Cluster funded by Swedish Water Development (SVU). The authors would like to acknowledge the staff at Hammarby Sjöstadsverk, Stockholm (Swedish Water Innovation Center) and the Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL) for their supportS

    Bio-based volatile fatty acid production and recovery from waste streams: Current status and future challenges

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    Bio-based volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from waste-stream is getting attention due to increasing market demand and wide range usage area as well as its cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach. The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive review of bio-based VFA production and recovery methods and to give an opinion on future research outlook. Effects of operation conditions including pH, temperature, retention time, type of substrate and mixed microbial cultures on VFA production and composition were reviewed. The recovery methods in terms of gas stripping with absorption, adsorption, solvent extraction, electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and membrane contractor of VFA were evaluated. Furthermore, strategies to enhance bio-based VFA production and recovery from waste streams, specifically, in-line VFA recovery and bioaugmentation, which are currently not used in common practice, are seen as some of the approaches to enhance bio-based VFA production.QC 20180820</p
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