Feynman rules for the rational part of the Electroweak 1-loop amplitudes in the R_xi gauge and in the Unitary gauge

We present the complete set of Feynman rules producing the rational terms of kind R_2 needed to perform any 1-loop calculation in the Electroweak Standard Model. Our formulae are given both in the R_xi gauge and in the Unitary gauge, therefore completing the results in the 't Hooft-Feynman gauge already presented in a previous publication. As a consistency check, we verified, in the case of the process H -> gamma gamma and in a few other physical cases, the independence of the total Rational Part R_1+R_2 on the chosen gauge. In addition, we explicitly checked the equivalence of the limits xi -> infinity after or before the loop momentum integration in the definition of the Unitary gauge at 1-loop.Comment: 16 pages,3 figure

Does regional cost-of-living reshuffle Italian income distribution?

This paper examines how spatial price differentials affect income distribution in Italy. The distribution of household income is “reshuffled” after controlling for the purchasing power of households residents in different regions, but only when housing price variations are included in the PPP index. Poor households living in Southern Italy alleviate their relative condition, but concentration of poverty still holds in the Southern part of the country.Income distribution, inequality, regional purchasing power parity, Italy.

Assault on the NLO Wishlist: pp -> tt bb

We present the results of a next-to-leading order calculation of QCD corrections to the production of an on-shell top-anti-top quark pair in association with two flavored b-jets. Besides studying the total cross section and its scale dependence, we give several differential distributions. Where comparable, our results agree with a previous analysis. While the process under scrutiny is of major relevance for Higgs boson searches at the LHC, we use it to demonstrate the ability of our system built around Helac-Phegas to tackle complete calculations at the frontier of current studies for the LHC. On the technical side, we show how the virtual corrections are efficiently computed with Helac-1Loop, based on the OPP method and the reduction code CutTools, using reweighting and Monte Carlo over color configurations and polarizations. As far as the real corrections are concerned, we use the recently published Helac-Dipoles package. In connection with improvements of the latter, we give the last missing integrated dipole formulae necessary for a complete implementation of phase space restriction dependence in the massive dipole subtraction formalism.Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. References added, version to appear in JHE

Anchoring Measurement of the Middle‐Income Class to Subjective Evaluation

What constitutes the middle class is hotly debated. Following an income‐based approach, a main issue concerns how to fix the income boundaries that define the middle‐income tier. This paper offers a novel model‐based approach to the use of self‐reported class evaluation for identifying those boundaries. The self‐declared status responses are modeled using a non‐conventional parametrization of an ordered logistic model. In this parametrization, the cut‐points of the model are directly interpretable as income boundaries, and the variance of the errors captures the idiosyncratic heterogeneity of the outcome variable. The use of subjective data is exemplified in the estimation of the middle class in Kazakhstan over the period 2003–2015

Helac-nlo

Based on the OPP technique and the HELAC framework, HELAC-1LOOP is a program that is capable of numerically evaluating QCD virtual corrections to scattering amplitudes. A detailed presentation of the algorithm is given, along with instructions to run the code and benchmark results. The program is part of the HELAC-NLO framework that allows for a complete evaluation of QCD NLO corrections.Comment: minor text revisions, version to appear in Comput.Phys.Commu

Evaluating historical, basin-wide landslide activity in a context of land abandonment and climate change: Effects of landslide visibility and temporal resolution

Drainage basins of the Northern Apennines, particularly in the clayey settings, bear among the highest rates of landsliding worldwide. A history of major land cover changes has left a landscape characterized by sparse, coppice-managed forest, transitional shrubs, and actively eroding badlands. Historical trends of landslide occurrence are examined in the Sillaro River basin (139 km2) in relation to land cover and climatic changes. To this purpose we have compiled a multi-temporal (1954–2018) landslide inventory (n = 1164) across twelve sequential photo sets that bears decadal (7- to 15-yr) and finer (2- to 6-yr) temporal resolution respectively before and after 1996. To account for changes in meteorological forcing, we examine: (i) the total annual precipitation (PRCPTOT); (ii) the annual maximum daily precipitation (RX1day); and (iii) the precipitation fraction (R99pTOT) due to extremely wet days. We find that landslide activity is strongly controlled by lithology, with landslide densities in claystones 3-to-4 times higher than in marl-sandstone alternations. This difference is chiefly associated with badlands, which are the most active land cover type and where new scars at a site could recur up to nine times. To evaluate the influence of varying temporal resolution on inventory completeness, hence on inference about land cover and climatic effects, we constrain the time scales of landslide visibility and assess the relative rates of undersampling. We find that visibility functions decline non-linearly with time, and that an inventory compiled at 5-year resolution would be missing up to 20 % of the landslide scars, with the size of an additional 27 % that would be underestimated due to revegetation. Overall, detection of entire landslide scars, which varies with land cover, becomes rare after 13 years in transitional shrubs, and after 17 years in badlands and managed forest. The historical analysis shows that landslide count: (i) increases in 1955–1976, a period of maximum anthropogenic pressure and wetter conditions; (ii) decreases steadily from 1977 through 2000, during a phase of land abandonment and decline in annual precipitation; and (iii) grows highest in 2000–2014, a period of land cover stability characterized by lesser precipitation although increasingly focused on high-magnitude events. To evaluate the likely reason of this recent increase in landsliding (i.e., R99pTOT vs inventorying resolution), we replicate the post-1996 mapping at coarser resolution. In the simplified inventory, landslide densities drop up to a factor of 2, and the inverse correlation originally linking landslide count with R99pTOT, loses significance. We conclude that, when the bias associated with varying inventorying resolution is removed, dependencies previously attributed to climatic effects become drastically reduced, and in some instances can even disappear

On multidimensional poverty rankings of binary attributes

We address the problem of ranking distributions of attributes in terms of poverty, when the attributes are represented by binary variables. To accomplish this task, we identify a suitable notion of “multidimensional poverty line” and characterize axiomatically the Head-Count and the Attribute-Gap poverty rankings, which are the natural counterparts of the most widely used income poverty indices. Finally, we apply our methodology and compare our empirical results with those obtained with some other well-known poverty measures

On Unit Free Assessment of The Extent of Multilateral Distributional Variation

Multilateral comparison of outcomes drawn from multiple groups pervade the social sciences and measurement of their variability, usually involving functions of respective group location and scale parameters, is of intrinsic interest. However, such approaches frequently mask more fundamental differences that more comprehensive examination of relative group distributional structures reveal. Indeed, in categorical data contexts, location and scale based techniques are no longer feasible without artificial and questionable cardinalization of categories. Here, Ginis' Transvariation measure is extended and employed in providing quantitative and visual multilateral comparison tools in discrete, continuous, categorical, univariate or multivariate settings which are particularly useful in paradigms where cardinal measure is absent. Two applications, one analyzing Eurozone cohesion in terms of the convergence or divergence of constituent nations income distributions, the other, drawn from a study of aging, health and income inequality in China, exemplify their use in a continuous and categorical data environment