Sources of Political Instability and Stability in Iran, 1779-1973

The purpose of this study was to define and examine the main sources of political instability and stability which existed in Iran between 1779 and 1973. The magnitude of the political, social, and economic changes in Iran during this period fostered an atmosphere in which the elements of both instability and stability prevailed. The study dealt with four distinct political periods. The first period examined was that of the Qajar Dynasty (1779-1925). The second period dealt with was the modernization of Iran under Reza Shah (1926-1941). The third period discussed was the early segment of the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah (1941-1953). The fourth period covered was the strengthened rule of Mohammad Reza Shah (1953-1973). The concluding segment of this study summarized the principal sources of political instability and stability in Iran which prevailed during the aforementioned periods. The conclusion also examined the theory of leadership in relation to the Shah of Iran. It was found that all of the political periods examined in this study exhibited a combination of the elements of political instability and stability, with the exception of the period between 1963 and 1973, which was a truly stable period. It was the conclusion of this thesis that the period between 1963 and 1973 was the only period in which signs of permanent political stability were exhibited. The stabilization of the political arena in this period was achieved as a result of the viable leadership of Mohammad Reza Shah, and his implementation of the reforms of the White Revolution

A New Modified Boundary Element Method (MBEM) for Boundary Domain Integral Method (BDIM)

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

A survey of the impact of proper breastfeeding education on blood sugar levels of healthy term infants in the public hospital of Shahid Rajai in Gachsaran in 1392

مقدمه و هدف: هیپوگلیسمی نوزادی به دلیل ایجاد عوارض مغزی در نوزاد نیاز به توجه جدی دارد .با توجه به احتمال افت قند خون در نوزادان ترم سالمی که تغذیه نا مناسب دارند،این مطالعه با هدف تعیین تأثیرآموزش روش صحیح شیردهی بر میزان قند خون نوزادان ترم سالم انجام شده است. روش مطالعه: این مطالعه یک کارآزمایی بالینی است که بر روی 85 زن باردار واجد شرایط انجام شد. نمونه ها به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش وکنترل قرارگرفتند.برای گروه آزمایش3 جلسه‌ی 45 دقیقه‌ای کلاس آموزشی تئوری و عملی هفته‌ای یک بار در 1ماه آخربارداری برگزار شد. پس از زایمان میزان قند خون نوزادان در 3 زمان 1،3و 6 ساعت پس از تولد کنترل و ثبت گردید. داده های این مطالعه با نرم افزار spss و تست های آماری تی مستقل،کای‌اسکور، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون، فیشر وanova مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرارگرفتند. یافته‌ها: یافته های پژوهش رابطه معنی داری را بین آموزش روش صحیح شیردهی ومیزان قند خون نوزادان درتمامی زمان های مورد پژوهش در دو‌گروه مورد مطالعه نشان داد. بیشترین میانگین قند خون در گروه آزمایش وکمترین میانگین قند خون درگروه کنترل بود. بیشترین میزان هیپوگلیسمی در ساعات اول و ششم پس از تولد و درگروه کنترل دیده شد. طبق تجزیه و تحلیل های آماری بین متغیّرهای کیفی و کمی جمعیت شناختی با میزان قند خون نوزادان رابطه معنی داری دیده نشد. متغیّرقد نوزاد در ساعت اول پس از تولد (با کنترل اثر سایر متغیّرها) در سطح خطای کوچکتر از 05/0 با هیپوگلیسمی رابطه معنی داری نشان داد(003/0 =pvalue) و این رابطه بصورت منفی می باشد به این معنی که افزایش یک سانتی متری قد نوزادان شانس ابتلا به هیپوگلیسمی را به اندازه 40 کاهش می دهد. نتیجه‌گیری: شیوه‌ی صحیح شیردهی به طورمعناداری سبب افزایش میزان قندخون نوزادان ترم سالم وکاهش شیوع هیپوگلیسمی در آنها می شود بنابراینبا وجود آموزش های جاری شیردهی، نیاز به آموزش های بیشتر و تبلیغات وسیعتر در مورد شیوه ی صحیح شیردهی در مادران باردار و نخست زا احساس می شود و پیشنهاد می گردد به افت قندخون متعاقب عدم تغذیه مناسب با شیر مادر، در نوزادان ترم سالم توجه بیشتری شود

Comment préparer et accompagner l’émergence d’interactions en ligne dans une approche plurilingue axée sur l’intercompréhension romane ?

à travers cette contribution, nous allons tenter de caractériser les effets de l’encadrement pédagogique de la formation hybride « Intercompréhension romane » de l’année 2006-2007. Plus particulièrement, quelle a été l’incidence de l’accompagnement métacognitif des étudiants ainsi que l’alternance entre guidage en présentiel et distantiel sur le nombre et la fréquence des messages déposés par les apprenants sur une plateforme d’interaction plurilingue (Galanet) ? Notre analyse, de nature quantitative et qualitative, s’est basée sur des données discursives (représentations de l’échantillon) et sur l’étude de l’éventuelle causalité existant entre le rythme et la nature des interventions et des consignes pédagogiques, d’une part, et les productions en ligne des sujets observés, d’autre part.The present paper aims at describing and analysing the effects of the pedagogical practice applied during the hybrid training “Romance Intercomprehension” 2006-2007. We will centre our attention on the impact of both the metacognitive approach applied and the alternation of presence and distance courses on the number and frequency of the online messages posted by students in a multimedia platform for multilingual interactions. Our analysis, which has a qualitative as well as a qualitative nature, is based on written data (the subject of the study’s representations) and on the analysis of the possible cause-effect relation that might exist between the rhythm and the nature of the pedagogical interventions on the one side, and the students’online text productions on the other side

Detection of icaAD gene and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from wound infections

Wound infections are a common cause of staphylococcal infections. An ability of S.aureus is to adhere and form biofilm on host surfaces. Biofilm is an exopolysaccharide, a slime matrix around multiple layers of cells and is mediated by expression of the icaADBC operon. The present study evaluated the biofilm forming capacity and the presence of icaAD gene among S.aureus isolated from wound infections. Slime production assay was performed by cultivation on Congo Red Agar plate. In addition, Quantitative biofilm formation determined by microtiter plate assay PCR method used for detection of icaAD gene. Fifty strains were identified, 54 of the isolates produced black colonies on CRA plate, 52 were positive biofilm forming, and all strains carried the icaAD gene. Regarding the ability of Saureus to form biofifms helps the bacterium to survive hostile environments within the host, suggests that biofilm production is a risk factor for infection. It is important in rapid diagnosis and treatment biofilm forming strains, because biofilm formation may lead to increased antimicrobial resistance and create a significant impediment to wound healing

The effect of berberine nanomicells on hepatic cirrhosis in bile duct ligated rats

The present study was designed to investigate the possible hepatoprotective effect of berberine (BBR) nano micelles on liver cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation model (BDL) in male rats. Introduction: The anti-fibrotic effect of chronic berberine (BBR) had previously demonstrated in a rat model of bile duct ligation (BDL) - induced liver fibrosis. As a result, the aim of present study was to investigate the possible hepatoprotective effect of BBR nanomicelles on liver cirrhosis induced by Bile duct ligation model (BDL) in male rats. Methods and Results: Male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n= 6) including sham-operated, BDL + saline, BDL + nanoBBR (50 mg/kg, p.o.), BDL + nanomicelles, BDL + BBR (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.), BDL + silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.). After 21 days of drugs' treatments following bile duct ligateation, the serum and tissue levels of some hepatic markers were measured and pathologic evaluations performed.BDL could markedly increase aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBIL) serum levels and tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), level along with reductions in tissue levels of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total protein levels. On the other hand, BBR nanomicelles (50 mg/kg, p.o.) and silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) markedly decreased the serum levels of AST and ALT while enhanced GSH level. In addition, BBR nanomicelles (50 mg/kg, p.o.), silymarin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and BBR (100 mg/kg, p.o.) groups showed a considerable increase in SOD levels. BBR nanomicelles (50 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly lowered TNF-α level. In addition, nanoBBR group prevented liver cirrhosis in histopathologic analysis.  Conclusions:Therefore, formulation of BBR nanomicelles may represent a good approach to enhance the effect of BBR in liver injuries