Immunopathology of American cutaneous leishmaniasis

American mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is a granulomatous disease clinically characterized by ulcerated skin lesions that can regress spontaneously. A small percentage of the affected individuals can however develop a severe destruction of the nasal, oral, pharyngeal and/or laryngeal mucous membranes many years after the healing of the primary lesion. The human immune response to the infection and the possible mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the disease, determining either the self-healing or the development of chronic and destructive mucosal lesions, are discussed

Estudo dos serviços de sessão

This report was based mainly upon the norms ISO/DIS 8326 and ISO/DIS 8327, wich describe Session Layer Services and Specify Session Protocol. The aim of this report is to offer an introducting document to help the undertanding of those norms. This document will be used in the next step of our work, as a basis for analysis and specification of Session Services Subsets wich fit best the environment allowing the interconection of several Universities in Rio de Janeiro by RENPAC.Este relatório foi baseado, principalmente, nas normas ISO/DIS 8326 e ISO/DIS 8327, que são responsáveis, respectivamente, pela definição dos serviços de sessão e especificação do protocolo de sessão. O objetivo desse relatório é a obtenção de um documento introdutório para leitura dessas normas. Para a próxima etapa do novo trabalho, esse documento será utilizado como base para a análise e especificação dos subconjuntos de serviços de sessão, que mais se enquadram a um ambiente de trabalho que permita a interligação das Universidades do Rio de Janeiro através da RENPAC

The inherent instability of leveed seafloor channels

New analytical models demonstrate that under 2 aggradational flow conditions seafloor channel-levee systems are inherently unstable; both channel area and stability necessarily decrease at long timescales. In time such systems must avulse purely through internal (autogenic) forcing. Although autogenic instabilities likely arise over long enough time for additional allogenic forcing to be expected, channel-levee sensitivity to variations in flow character depends on the prior degree of system evolution. Recalibrated modern Amazon Fan avulsion timings are consistent with this model, challenging accepted interpretations of avulsion triggering

Optimum multi-service access selection over heterogeneous wireless networks

This paper proposes a methodology to analyse connectivity over highly heterogeneous wireless networks. We consider a scenario comprising a large number of access elements and end users, who move and initiate different services according to some patterns. The framework that has been implemented takes periodic snapshots, each of them used to pose a different optimization problem. We take into account the intention of end users to have a connection (those with an active service), disregarding idle users, as well as the outcome of the previous problems (for instance, the base station a particular user was connected to). The feasibility of the methodology proposed in this work is assessed with a scenario over which we study different access selection strategies including the following criteria: price of resources, service affinity towards particular technologies as well as the willingness to reduce the number of handovers. The results validate the proposed methodology and highlight the impact that an appropriate design of the access selection strategy may have.We would like to express our gratitude to the Spanish government for the funding in the following project: “Connectivity as a Service: Access for the Internet of the Future”, COSAIF (TEC2012-38574-C02-01

Growth patterns of subaqueous depositional channel lobe systems developed over a basement with a downdip break in slope: Laboratory experiments

A series of large-scale experiments on nonchannelized, depositional turbidity currents show the evolution and complex stratigraphy of channel-lobe systems developed updip and downdip of a break in slope. Two different sets of experimental turbidity currents with different sediment concentrations were run. The results provided a comparative picture of the gross structure of the fans, with information on their surfaces, growth sequences, and times of activity of the incised channels and lobed features. In particular, data analysis focused on: (a) velocity and suspended-sediment concentration of the flows themselves; (b) time and spatial sequences of channel and lobe construction and modification, and (c) spatial trends in grain-size distribution along the deposit. Significantly, the floor geometry employed in this study allowed investigation of adjustments in deep-sea fan deposition associated with natural changes in bed slope. We show here that the break in slope played a very important role in governing channel aggradation and lobe architecture over the deposit. More specifically, the slope break tended to break up the formation of long channels and enhance the formation of lobate features. A comparison with field submarine lobe analogs demonstrates that the morphodynamics and stratigraphy associated with lobed fans can indeed be modeled, within limits, at laboratory scale.Fil: Fernandez, Rocio Luz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; ArgentinaFil: Cantelli, Alessandro. Shell International Exploration and Production; Estados UnidosFil: Pirmez, Carlos. Shell International Exploration and Production; Estados Unidos. Shell International Exploration and Production; Países BajosFil: Sequeiros, Octavio. Shell International Exploration and Production; Países BajosFil: Parker, Gary. University of Illinois at Urbana; Estados Unido

Turbidity current with a roof: Success and failure of RANS modeling for turbidity currents under strongly stratified conditions

Density underflows in general and turbidity currents in particular differ from rivers in that their governing equations do not allow a steady, streamwise uniform “normal” solution. This is due to the fact that density underflows entrain ambient fluid, thus creating a tendency for underflow discharge to increase downstream. Recently, however, a simplified configuration known as the “turbidity current with a roof” (TCR) has been proposed. The artifice of a roof allows for steady, uniform solutions for flows driven solely by gravity acting on suspended sediment. A recent application of direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the Navier-Stokes equations by Cantero et al. (2009) has revealed that increasing dimensionless sediment fall velocity increases flow stratification, resulting in a damping of the turbulence. When the dimensionless fall velocity is increased beyond a threshold value, near-bed turbulence collapses. Here we use the DNS results as a means of testing the ability of three Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models of turbulent flow to capture stratification effects in the TCR. Results showed that the Mellor-Yamada and quasi-equilibrium k-ε models are able to adequately capture the characteristics of the flow under conditions of relatively modest stratification, whereas the standard k-ε model is a relatively poor predictor of turbulence characteristics. As stratification strengthens, however, the deviation of all RANS models from the DNS results increases. All are incapable of predicting the collapse of near-bed turbulence predicted by DNS under conditions of strong stratification. This deficiency is likely due to the inability of RANS models to replace viscous dissipation of turbulent energy with transfer to internal waves under conditions of strong stratification. Within the limits of modest stratification, the quasi-equilibrium k-ε model is used to derive predictors of flow which can be incorporated into simpler, layer-averaged models of turbidity currents.Fil: Yeh, Tzu Hao. University Of Illinois At Urbana; Estados Unidos. Shell International Exploration and Production; Estados UnidosFil: Cantero, Mariano Ignacio. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Area de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cantelli, Alessandro. Shell International Exploration and Production; Estados UnidosFil: Pirmez, Carlos. Shell Nigeria Exploration and Production; NigeriaFil: Parker, Gary. University Of Illinois At Urbana; Estados Unido

Uma proposta de especificação da camada de sessão para a Rede-Rio

This report presents a NCE proposal for the specifications of the session layer which will allow the interconnection of Universities in Rio de Janeiro through RENPAC. The specification is baed on the ISO/DIS 8326 e ISO/DIS 327 standards.O objetivo desse relatório é apresentar uma proposta do NCE para a especificação da camada de sessão que irá permitir a interligação das Universidades do Rio de Janeiro através da RENPAC. A proposta é baseada, principalmente, nas normas ISO/DIS 8326 e ISO/DIS 327, que definem o serviço e o protocolo de sessão