Data: the Good, the Bad and the Ethical

It is often the case with new technologies that it is very hard to predict their long-term impacts and as a result, although new technology may be beneficial in the short term, it can still cause problems in the longer term. This is what happened with oil by-products in different areas: the use of plastic as a disposable material did not take into account the hundreds of years necessary for its decomposition and its related long-term environmental damage. Data is said to be the new oil. The message to be conveyed is associated with its intrinsic value. But as in the case of real oil, we should take care to ensure that its use does not create harm in the future. We know from recent history that data can be used in harmful ways, but data also has enormous positive potential when applied to the service of communities. In this article, we highlight the opportunities, problems and best practice of using data

NGM2M

Todos os indicadores apontam para um crescimento exponencial das comunicações máquina-a-máquina. A utilização da informação de uma panóplia de sensores, associada ao uso dos mais diversos atuadores, permite a criação de um mundo novo de aplicações que abrange os mais distintos sectores de atividade. Os ganhos operacionais, a economia de custos e a reinvenção de processos são alguns dos fatores-chave que contribuirão para a adoção deste novo paradigma. Atentos a este mercado, os operadores de telecomunicações multiplicam-se atualmente em iniciativas e estratégias para se posicionarem de forma mais abrangente na cadeira de valor, com o objectivo de suportar novos serviços diferenciadores que vão muito para além da simples disponibilização de conectividade. Este artigo visa a apresentação da arquitetura de uma plataforma horizontal de criação e disponibilização de serviços M2M, definida tendo por base os objetivos dos projetos Apollo e IoT.est, colmatando o fosso existente entre os diversos serviços e a heterogeneidade de redes e dispositivos, estimulando assim a criação de novos negócios

An architecture for the future business of things

A brave new world made of interconnected smart devices will soon revolutionize the world. The application of the Internet of Things vision will foster the creation of new businesses across different industrial sectors. Communication Service Providers need to set the pace of this change if they want to lead this transformation. They need to both leverage and evolve their architectures in order to support a flexible creation of innovative services over distributed networks, linking heterogeneous sensors and actuators. This paper presents the roles of the telecoms on the upcoming machine-to-machine markets and devises an advanced architecture able to withstand the demands of a new plethora of evermore clever and useful services

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Professional Nursing Practice in the Context of Hospitals

The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed challenges to health systems and institutions, which had to quickly create conditions to meet the growing health needs of the population. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on professional nursing practice environments and to identify the variables that affected their quality. Quantitative, observational study, conducted in 16 Portuguese hospitals, with 1575 nurses. Data were collected using a questionnaire and participants responded to two different moments in time: the pre-pandemic period and after the fourth critical period of COVID-19. The pandemic had a positive impact on the Structure and Outcome components, and a negative trend in the Process component. The variables associated with the qualification of the components and their dimensions were predominantly: work context, the exercise of functions in areas of assistance to COVID-19 patients, length of professional experience and length of experience in the service. The investment in professional practice environments impacted the improvement of organizational factors, supporting the development of nurses’ work towards the quality of care. However, it is necessary to invest in nurses’ participation, involvement and professional qualifications, which are aspects strongly dependent on the institutions’ management strategiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influenza seroprotection correlates with predominant circulating viruses during 2014/15 and 2015/16 seasons in Portugal

Rede Portuguesa de Laboratórios para o Diagnóstico da GripeBACKGROUND: Population immune profile for influenza is highly affected by circulating influenza viruses, thus changing the risk of infection for influenza. This study aims to assess influenza immunity in the Portuguese population by age groups, during 2014 and 2015 and establish a relationship between seroprotection and circulating influenza viruses in 2014/15 and 2015/16 seasons. METHODS: Two cross-sectional studies were developed based on a convenience serum sample collected in June 2014 (n=626) and July 2015 (n=675) in hospitals from mainland and Azores and Madeira.Serums equally represent all age groups. Antibody titers were evaluated by HI assay for strains recommended for seasonal influenza vaccine northern hemisphere,2014/15 and 2015/2016. Seroprevalences were estimated for each strain by age group and the association with seasonal cumulative influenza-like illness (ILI) rates for influenza virus during both seasons was analised. RESULTS: In June 2014 the highest seroprotection was observed for influenza A(H3) (39.0%; 95% CI: 36.2-43.8%) and A(H1)pdm09 (29.7; 95% CI: 26.3-33.4%), with higher levels in children 5-14 years old. In 2014/2015 a dominant circulation of influenza B/Yamagata was observed with high incidence rates in individuals under 65 years old, the ones that had lower seroprotection. Although before the start of the season high protection for A(H3) was observed, the circulation of the new drift A(H3) strains had gained an immunological advantage,in accordance with A(H3) elevated incidence rates observed during 2014/15. In July 2015 the highest seroprotection was observed for influenza B/ Yamagata (55.1%; 95% CI: 51.4-58.9%), 2.4 times the estimated 2014.This increase was even more pronounced in younger (≤ 4 years old), 6.3 times increase in 2015.This fact is in agreement with the predominant influenza B virus detected and the high ILI incidence rate observed in children during 2014/2015 epidemic. Seroprotection levels for influenza A in July 2015 were not significantly different from 2014.During 2015/16 season, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was predominant, with high incidence rate in < 65 year old. Influenza B/Victoria lineage,although detected at low levels increased in frequency, in agreement with the lowest level of seroprotection detected in the general population before the start of 2015/2016 season (21.8%; 95% CI: 18.7-24.0%). CONCLUSIONS There was a correlation between virus circulation, incidence rates for each age group and the previous seroprotection for seasonal influenza viruses.Our study highlights the value of measuring the serological profile for influenza to establishe risk groups for infection for which an increase preventive measures, including vaccination, should be fostered.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Viral genetic clustering and transmission dynamics of the 2022 mpox outbreak in Portugal

Pathogen genome sequencing during epidemics enhances our ability to identify and understand suspected clusters and investigate their relationships. Here, we combine genomic and epidemiological data of the 2022 mpox outbreak to better understand early viral spread, diversification and transmission dynamics. By sequencing 52% of the confirmed cases in Portugal, we identified the mpox virus sublineages with the highest impact on case numbers and fitted them into a global context, finding evidence that several international sublineages probably emerged or spread early in Portugal. We estimated a 62% infection reporting rate and that 1.3% of the population of men who have sex with men in Portugal were infected. We infer the critical role played by sexual networks and superspreader gatherings, such as sauna attendance, in the dissemination of mpox virus. Overall, our findings highlight genomic epidemiology as a tool for the real-time monitoring and control of mpox epidemics, and can guide future vaccine policy in a highly susceptible population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Rede Portuguesa de Laboratórios para o Diagnóstico da Gripe: inverno 2013/2014

A Rede Portuguesa de Laboratórios para o Diagnóstico da Gripe (RPLDG) integra, atualmente, 15 laboratórios maioritariamente hospitalares e é coordenada pelo Laboratório Nacional de Referência para o Vírus da Gripe (LNRVG) do Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, I.P. A RPLDG realiza o diagnóstico laboratorial do vírus da gripe assim como de outros vírus respiratórios, permitindo um conhecimento mais preciso da etiologia das infeções respiratórias, particularmente em casos hospitalizados de infeção respiratória aguda grave, constituindo um complemento valioso para o PNVG. Os casos de SG provenientes de emergências hospitalares e casos de Infecção Respiratória Aguda Grave, incluindo casos com internamento em unidade de cuidados intensivos, foram notificados pelos laboratórios da Rede ao LNRVG. Dos 15 laboratórios da Rede, 13 notificaram casos de doença respiratória durante a época de 2013/2014. Os dados recolhidos foram inseridos em suporte informático tendo as bases de dados sido agregadas numa base de dados comum submetida a um processo de validação de congruência de dados. Os dados analisados correspondem ao período que decorreu entre a semana 38 de 2013 e a semana 21 de 2014. Foram notificados pelos Laboratórios da Rede um total de 3790 casos de infeção respiratória. O maior número de notificações foi observado no mês de janeiro e fevereiro (semanas 2/2014 a 8/2014), com um pico de ocorrência na semana 4/2014 com a notificação de 454 casos de infeção respiratória. O vírus da gripe foi detetado em 822 casos de infeção respiratória. O vírus influenza A foi identificado em 807 (98,2%) dos casos positivos, destes 403 (49,0%) pertencem ao subtipo A(H1)pdm09, 98 (12,0%) ao subtipo A(H3) e 306 (37,0%) vírus influenza A não foram subtipados. O vírus influenza B foi detetado em 14 (2,0%) casos. Foi identificada 1 infecção mista por vírus influenza A(H1)pdm09 e A(H3) (0,1%). A maior percentagem de casos de gripe foi observada em indivíduos entre os 15 e os 64 anos sendo o vírus influenza A(H1)pdm09 o predominantemente detetado. Nas crianças com menos de 4 anos o vírus influenza foi detetado numa proporção reduzida, apenas em 8,8% dos casos analisados laboratorialmente, sendo o agente mais detetado neste grupo etário, o vírus sincicial respiratório (dados não mostrados). A Rede Portuguesa de Laboratórios para o Diagnóstico da Gripe permitiu a deteção dos vírus da gripe em meio hospitalar, incluindo doentes em internamento e UCI. Os vírus influenza A foram predominantes e detetados em maior percentagem nos jovens e adultos