Níveis nutricionais de fósforo disponível em diferentes granulometrias de fosfato para codornas japonesas em postura

Com este estudo objetivou-se determinar os níveis de fósforo disponível (Pdisp) para codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) em período de postura. Foram utilizadas 648 codornas japonesas produtoras de ovos para consumo, alojadas em gaiolas do tipo bateria, com dimensões de 0,9 x 0,33 x 0,15 m, e distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, oito repetições sendo nove aves/unidade experimental. Foi elaborada dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja, formulada para atender as recomendações nutricionais, exceto para fósforo disponível. Esta continha 2.900 kcal EM/ kg de ração, 20% de proteína bruta, 3,05% de cálcio, 0,10% de fósforo disponível, 1,05% de lisina digestível, 0,720% de metionina+cistina e 0,730% de treonina digestível. A esta dieta basal, foi adicionado fosfato com diferentes granulometrias (fina ou grossa) e o calcário, em substituição ao material inerte, de forma a obter cinco níveis de fósforo disponível (0,10; 0,20; 0,30; 0,40 e 0,50%) para cada granulometria utilizada. Em conclusão, a recomendação de fósforo disponível, varia em função da granulometria do fosfato utilizado. Desta forma, para granulometria fina foi encontrado o nível 0,44% de fósforo disponível, e para fosfato de granulometria grossa, o nível de 0,385% de fósforo disponível para codornas no segundo ciclo de postura.The aim of this study was to determine the levels of available phosphorus forJapanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in the laying period. 648 Japanese quails were used producing eggs for consumption, in cages like battery, with dimensions of 0.9 x 0.33 x 0.15 m, and distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, eight replicates and nine hens/experimental unit. Was prepared diet based on corn and soybean meal, formulated to meet nutritional recommendations, except for available phosphorus. It contained 2900 kcal/kg, 20% crude protein, 3.05% calcium, 0.10% phosphorus, 1.05% of lysine, 0.720% methionine+cystine and threonine 0.730% digestible. To this basal diet, phosphate was added with different particle sizes (fine or coarse) and limestone, replacing the inert material in order to obtain five levels of available phosphorus (0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40 and 0.50%) for each particle size used. In conclusion, the recommendation phosphorus, varies depending on the granulometry of phosphate used. Thus, for finely was found at 0.44% available phosphorus, and coarse, the level of 0.385% phosphorus for quails position in the second cycle

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Post-intervention Status in Patients With Refractory Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab During REGAIN and Its Open-Label Extension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether eculizumab helps patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) achieve the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (MM), we assessed patients' status throughout REGAIN (Safety and Efficacy of Eculizumab in AChR+ Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis) and its open-label extension. METHODS: Patients who completed the REGAIN randomized controlled trial and continued into the open-label extension were included in this tertiary endpoint analysis. Patients were assessed for the MGFA post-intervention status of improved, unchanged, worse, MM, and pharmacologic remission at defined time points during REGAIN and through week 130 of the open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 117 patients completed REGAIN and continued into the open-label study (eculizumab/eculizumab: 56; placebo/eculizumab: 61). At week 26 of REGAIN, more eculizumab-treated patients than placebo-treated patients achieved a status of improved (60.7% vs 41.7%) or MM (25.0% vs 13.3%; common OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5). After 130 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 88.0% of patients achieved improved status and 57.3% of patients achieved MM status. The safety profile of eculizumab was consistent with its known profile and no new safety signals were detected. CONCLUSION: Eculizumab led to rapid and sustained achievement of MM in patients with AChR+ refractory gMG. These findings support the use of eculizumab in this previously difficult-to-treat patient population. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: REGAIN, NCT01997229; REGAIN open-label extension, NCT02301624. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that, after 26 weeks of eculizumab treatment, 25.0% of adults with AChR+ refractory gMG achieved MM, compared with 13.3% who received placebo

Minimal Symptom Expression' in Patients With Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody-Positive Refractory Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treated With Eculizumab

The efficacy and tolerability of eculizumab were assessed in REGAIN, a 26-week, phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), and its open-label extension

The esophagus anatomic-histology of bull frog ("Rana catesbeiana" Shaw, 1802) Anatomo-histologia do esôfago da rã touro ("Rana catesbeiana" Shaw, 1802)

Aiming to describe the esophage functional morpho – histology of bull frog (Rana catebeiana Shaw, 1802), twenty bull frog, mean body weight of 85.00 ± 2.03 g, were used. The esophageal mucosa architecture is defined by thick longitudinal folds, showing an esophageal ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with mucous cells and pluricellular glands; the esophageal muscular coat is composed by inner circular muscular lamina, and by outer longitudinal muscular lamina.<br>Com o objetivo de descrever a anatomo histologia funcional do esôfago da rã touro (Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802), foram utilizados 20 (vinte) exemplares de rã touro com peso médio de 85,00 ± 2,03 g. Verificou-se que a arquitetura da mucosa esofágica é definida por pregas espessas e longitudinais, com epitélio esofágico do tipo pseudo estratificado ciliado com células mucosas e glândulas pluricelulares; a túnica muscular esofágica é constituida pela túnica muscular circular, mais interna, e pela túnica muscular longitudinal, mais externa

A Segurança Transatlântica e o Atlântico Sul

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Trauma na infância e adolescência: epidemiologia, tratamento e aspectos econômicos em um hospital público Epidemiology, treatment and economical aspects of multiple trauma in children and adolescents in a public hospital

INTRODUÇÃO: A realização deste trabalho foi motivada pela escassez de artigos encontrados na literatura que estudam o politrauma na infância e na adolescência.. O objetivo é descrever o perfil epidemiológico das lesões traumáticas na infância tratadas num centro de trauma, avaliar os aspectos econômicos relacionados com o gasto hospitalar e o tempo de internação de acordo com o tratamento realizado. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: analisamos todos os prontuários do hospital Geral de Pirajussara no período de dezembro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006. Obtivemos 182 pacientes, sendo 71% do sexo masculino e 29% do feminino; 48% brancos e 52% não brancos. RESULTADOS: houve predominância dos indivíduos do sexo masculino com 71% dos pacientes. O mecanismo de trauma mais freqüente foi a queda (36%). A média de dias de internação foi 4,1 dias, com gasto estimado de R$649,50 para cada paciente. A taxa de mortalidade foi de 2,74$ 649.50 for each patient. The most expensive and the longest periods of hospital therapy were associated to skull trauma and femoral fracture; the economic impact increased when associated lesions were present. The mortality rate was 2.74% with 5 deaths, with skull trauma being accounted for 80% of the deaths, while child abuse accounts for 40%. CONCLUSION: the pediatric population exhibits particular characteristics that make it unique concerning trauma injuries' epidemiology and handling