Nematodos intestinales de perros en parques públicos de Yucatán, México

Introduction: Dogs represent a potential public health risk because of the natural transmission of zoonotic parasitic infections.Objective: To estimate the frequency and to determine factors associated with the presence of intestinal nematode eggs in dog feces collected in public parks of Mérida,Yucatán, México.Materials and methods: A total of 100 dog fecal samples collected from 20 public parks in two areas of Mérida were analyzed. Samples were processed by the centrifugation-flotation and the McMaster techniques to confirm the presence and to quantify the excretion of intestinal nematode eggs per gram of feces. The factors associated with the presence of nematode eggs were identified using the chi square univariate analysis.Results: We found an 11% frequency of fecal samples positive for intestinal nematode eggs. Eggs of three species of parasites were identified: Ancylostoma caninum was the most common (10%), followed by Toxocara canis (10%), and Trichuris vulpis (1%). Most positive samples were infected with only one intestinal nematode (10%), and only 1 % was positive for a mixed infection by A. caninum and T. vulpis. The presence of stray dogs in public parks was an associated factor (p=0.046) with a higher number of fecal samples positive for intestinal nematode eggs.Conclusions: The frequency of intestinal nematodes in dog feces with zoonotic potential was high in parks of Mérida, Yucatán, México; samples from parks where there were stray dogs had a higher possibility of being positive.Introducción. Los perros representan un potencial riesgo para la salud pública debido a que transmiten infecciones parasitarias al hombre.Objetivo. Estimar la frecuencia y determinar los factores asociados a la presencia de huevos de nematodos intestinales en heces de perros recolectadas en parques públicos de Mérida, Yucatán, México.Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 100 muestras de heces de perros recolectadas en 20 parques públicos de dos zonas de la ciudad. Las muestras se procesaron mediante las técnicas de flotación centrifugada y de McMaster para confirmar la presencia de huevos de nematodos intestinales y cuantificarlos por gramo de heces. Se determinaron los factores asociados a la presencia de los huevos mediante un análisis univariado de χ2.Resultados. Se encontró una frecuencia de 11 %. Se identificaron huevos de tres especies de parásitos y Ancylostoma caninum fue el más frecuente (10 %), seguido por Toxocara canis (1 %) y Trichuris vulpis (1 %). La mayoría de las muestras positivas presentaba infección con un nematodo intestinal únicamente (10 %) y solo el 1 % resultó positivo para infección mixta por A. caninum y T. vulpis. La presencia de perros sin dueño en los parques públicos fue el factor asociado (p=0,046) con un mayor número de heces positivas para huevos de nematodos intestinales.Conclusiones. En los parques de la ciudad se encontraron heces de perros con huevos de nematodos intestinales con potencial zoonótico; la probabilidad de que las muestras fueran positivas fue mayor en los parques con presencia de perros sin dueño

II Jornadas-Taller "Igualdad y juventud: detección y análisis de la violencia de género en la universidad"

Memoria ID-0011. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2015-2016

Jornadas-taller "Igualdad y juventud: detección y análisis de la violencia de género en la Universidad"

Memoria ID-0058. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Methods: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015. Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years, 65 to 80 years, and = 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. Results: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 = 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients =80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%, 65 years; 20.5%, 65-79 years; 31.3%, =80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%, <65 years;30.1%, 65-79 years;34.7%, =80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%, =80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age = 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI = 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88), and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared, the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Conclusion: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age = 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI), and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Relevancia bioquímica y biológica de la dimerización de ERK2

La ruta de Ras-ERK es una de las más conservadas y mejor caracterizadas. La mayoría de los factores de crecimiento activan a las quinasas ERK (quinasas reguladas por señales extracelulares), actuando en primer termino a través de la proteína G pequeña, o monomérica, Ras. La activación de esta ruta es capaz de modular procesos celulares esenciales como proliferación, diferenciación y supervivencia. Se ha analizando el efecto anti-apoptótico y la capacidad transformante de H-Ras, N-Ras y K-Ras constitutivamente activos en sus correspondientes localizaciones subcelulares y en la mayor cantidad de tipos celulares (epiteliales, fibroblastos y tumorales). Se ha estudiado como afecta la capacidad de ERK de formar dímeros, cuando se activa vía Ras-Raf, a la formación de complejos scaffold-ERK-substratos de ERK. Se ha comprobado como influye la capacidad de ERK para formar dímeros en la proliferación de lineas celulares tumorales (expresando de forma estable un mutante de ERK que no dimeriza) y como es capaz de modular la capacidad de formar tumores de estas líneas celulares cuando se inyectan subcutaneamente en ratones inmunodeprimidos. Este trabajo ha sido publicado en la revista Molecular Cell, en su número de Septiembre del año 2008 (Berta Casar, Adán Pinto et al). A la vista de que la inhibición de la dimerización en la célula tiene efectos fisiológicos tan importantes como la inhibición de la formación de tumores en ratones, se está realizando un screening en busca de fármacos que sean capaces de inhibir la dimerización tanto in vivo como in vitro. Estos son los trabajos que están siendo realizados como parte final de la tesis de Adán Pinto Fernández.Peer Reviewe

ERK dimers and scaffold proteins: Unexpected partners for a forgotten (cytoplasmic) task

Signals transmitted by ERK1/2 MAP Kinases regulate the functions of multiple substrates present in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, in similar proportions. In spite of this fact, the prevailing trend of the field has been to focus on the nuclear component, being considered the main executor of ERK biological functions. Following this fashion, scaffold proteins have been often described as modulators of ERK phosphorylation in their route, either as monomers or as dimers, to their ultimate destination at the nucleus. Contrarily, recent findings demonstrate that scaffolds and ERK dimers are essential for the activation of cytoplasmic but not nuclear substrates. Dimerization is critical for connecting the scaffolded ERK complex to cognate cytoplasmic substrates, while nuclear substrates are activated by ERK monomers. Furthermore, blocking ERK cytoplasmic signals by preventing ERK dimerization, is sufficient for attenuating cellular proliferation, transformation and tumor development. These new results highlight the importance of ERK cytoplasmic signals, disclose an unprecedented functional relationship between scaffold proteins and ERK dimers and identify dimerization as a key determinant of the spatial specificity of ERK signals. ©2009 Landes Bioscience.P.C. lab is supported by grants BFU2005-00777 and GEN2003-20239-C06-03 from the Spanish Ministry of Education; GROWTHSTOP (LSHC CT-2006-037731) and SIMAP (IST-2004-027265) projects from the EU VI Framework Program and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (RTICC) (RD06/0020/0105), Spanish Ministry of Health. A.P. is a Universidad de Cantabria predoctoral fellow.Peer Reviewe

Essential role of ERK dimers in the activation of cytoplasmic but not nuclear substrates by ERK-scaffold complexes

Signals transmitted by ERK MAP kinases regulate the functions of multiple substrates present in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. ERK signals are optimized by scaffold proteins that modulate their intensity and spatial fidelity. Once phosphorylated, ERKs dimerize, but how dimerization impacts on the activation of the different pools of substrates and whether it affects scaffolds functions as spatial regulators are unknown aspects of ERK signaling. Here we demonstrate that scaffolds and ERK dimers are essential for the activation of cytoplasmic but not nuclear substrates. Dimerization is critical for connecting the scaffolded ERK complex to cognate cytoplasmic substrates. Contrarily, nuclear substrates associate to ERK monomers. Furthermore, we show that preventing ERK dimerization is sufficient for attenuating cellular proliferation, transformation, and tumor development. Our results disclose a functional relationship between scaffold proteins and ERK dimers and identify dimerization as a key determinant of the spatial specificity of ERK signals. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.The P.C. lab is supported by grants BFU2005-00777 and GEN2003-20239-C06-03 from the Spanish Ministry of Education and by GROWTHSTOP (LSHC CT-2006-037731) and SIMAP (IST-2004-027265) projects from the EU VI Framework Program and Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa en Cáncer (RTICC) (RD06/0020/0105), Spanish Ministry of Health.Peer Reviewe

Taking the Leap from Myth to Logos in Geography and History classes with Seventh-grade Students from Ventura Rodríguez Secondary School

The main idea of this paper was triggered by a pattern observed in middle and high school students among different subjects, during an internship at Arquitecto Ventura Rodríguez secondary school in Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. The internship was part of the training as a student of the MA program in Teacher Training for Secondary Education, which took place at Universidad Europea. Therefore, the research that we present corresponds to the final project, which was successfully presented in June 2019. We noticed that, although students tend to show a terribly passive attitude in general, whenever they participate in class they usually refer to videos they have seen on the Internet, commonly in direct contradiction with the contents presented by the teacher. This pattern shows us mainly two facts; on one hand, a serious lack of critical thinking capacity, on the other a lengthy and uncontrolled daily exposure to the Internet. The former is inherent to the evolutive phase the teenagers are going through, the latter defines a new way in which individuals relate to each other in society, and to reality in general. But those two facts mixed together reveal a really dangerous combination. The aim of this study is to stimulate the students to take a leap from myth to logos, the same way the ancient Greeks did, from the irrational belief to the reasoned word (λóγος), so they start to critically analyze information. For the fulfillment of this paper, we have taken two seventh-grade groups (one as a target group, the other as control) and the main action was taken at the geography and history classes, specifically during the ancient Greece lecture (six sessions).Sin financiaciónNo data 2019UE