Selecting Metrics to Evaluate Human Supervisory Control Applications

The goal of this research is to develop a methodology to select supervisory control metrics. This methodology is based on cost-benefit analyses and generic metric classes. In the context of this research, a metric class is defined as the set of metrics that quantify a certain aspect or component of a system. Generic metric classes are developed because metrics are mission-specific, but metric classes are generalizable across different missions. Cost-benefit analyses are utilized because each metric set has advantages, limitations, and costs, thus the added value of different sets for a given context can be calculated to select the set that maximizes value and minimizes costs. This report summarizes the findings of the first part of this research effort that has focused on developing a supervisory control metric taxonomy that defines generic metric classes and categorizes existing metrics. Future research will focus on applying cost benefit analysis methodologies to metric selection. Five main metric classes have been identified that apply to supervisory control teams composed of humans and autonomous platforms: mission effectiveness, autonomous platform behavior efficiency, human behavior efficiency, human behavior precursors, and collaborative metrics. Mission effectiveness measures how well the mission goals are achieved. Autonomous platform and human behavior efficiency measure the actions and decisions made by the humans and the automation that compose the team. Human behavior precursors measure human initial state, including certain attitudes and cognitive constructs that can be the cause of and drive a given behavior. Collaborative metrics address three different aspects of collaboration: collaboration between the human and the autonomous platform he is controlling, collaboration among humans that compose the team, and autonomous collaboration among platforms. These five metric classes have been populated with metrics and measuring techniques from the existing literature. Which specific metrics should be used to evaluate a system will depend on many factors, but as a rule-of-thumb, we propose that at a minimum, one metric from each class should be used to provide a multi-dimensional assessment of the human-automation team. To determine what the impact on our research has been by not following such a principled approach, we evaluated recent large-scale supervisory control experiments conducted in the MIT Humans and Automation Laboratory. The results show that prior to adapting this metric classification approach, we were fairly consistent in measuring mission effectiveness and human behavior through such metrics as reaction times and decision accuracies. However, despite our supervisory control focus, we were remiss in gathering attention allocation metrics and collaboration metrics, and we often gathered too many correlated metrics that were redundant and wasteful. This meta-analysis of our experimental shortcomings reflect those in the general research population in that we tended to gravitate to popular metrics that are relatively easy to gather, without a clear understanding of exactly what aspect of the systems we were measuring and how the various metrics informed an overall research question

Metafora Dalam Pasambahan Maanta Marapaulai Di Nagari Tanjung Kecamatan Koto VII Kabupaten Sijunjung

The purpose of the research is to decribe (1) the metaphor forms in pasambahan maanta marapulai at Nagari Tanjung subsdistrict of Koto VII Sijunjung regency, (2) the meaning of metaphor in pasambahan maanta marapulai at Nagari Tanjung subdistrcit of Koto VII Sijunjung regency, as well as (3) the context of metaphor use in pasambahan maanta marapulai at Nagari Tanjung subdistrict of Koto VII Sijunjung regency. Data of the research is the words in pasambahan maanta marapulai used by citizien at Nagari Tanjung subdistrict of Koto VII Sijunjung regency. The resource of data is pasambahan maanta marapulai from the beginning till pasambahan minta pulang. Data is gained using listening and conversation method, While techniques used is record technique and note technique. Based on the finding, there are fouty four metaphor consisted of 9 metaphor antropomorfis, 12 animal metaphor, 21 metaphor from conrete to abstract as well as 2 metaphor sinaestetik. The meaning of metaphor is based on literal meaning and meaning from the interviwee. While, the context of metaphor use consists of situation and culture context

On the differential geometry of curves in Minkowski space

We discuss some aspects of the differential geometry of curves in Minkowski space. We establish the Serret-Frenet equations in Minkowski space and use them to give a very simple proof of the fundamental theorem of curves in Minkowski space. We also state and prove two other theorems which represent Minkowskian versions of a very known theorem of the differential geometry of curves in tridimensional Euclidean space. We discuss the general solution for torsionless paths in Minkowki space. We then apply the four-dimensional Serret-Frenet equations to describe the motion of a charged test particle in a constant and uniform electromagnetic field and show how the curvature and the torsions of the four-dimensional path of the particle contain information on the electromagnetic field acting on the particle.Comment: 10 pages. Typeset using REVTE

Polyaniline (PANI): an innovative support for sampling and removal of VOCs in air matrices

Polyaniline (PANI)-based materials for both removal and sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air by rapid adsorption/desorption processes have been developed. The polymer was synthesized in form of emeraldine as both salt and base using different synthetic approaches, a traditional one and a "green" one. VOCs adsorption/desorption efficiency was evaluated for all the materials analyzing the desorbed VOCs fractions by GC/MS technique and obtaining results similar to the presently adopted method employing commercial activated carbon. Most important, in this work it has been demonstrated for the first time that the use of PANI-based sorbents allowed the substitution of the toxic CS2, recommended in official methods, with the less hazardous CH3OH as the VOCs extraction solvent. Moreover, a complete regeneration of the polymers could be realized by a few rapid washing steps. Finally, the best PANI-based material was subjected to recycling tests thereby showing a high adsorption/desorption efficiency retention up to four runs

Approximations for many-body Green's functions: insights from the fundamental equations

Several widely used methods for the calculation of band structures and photo emission spectra, such as the GW approximation, rely on Many-Body Perturbation Theory. They can be obtained by iterating a set of functional differential equations relating the one-particle Green's function to its functional derivative with respect to an external perturbing potential. In the present work we apply a linear response expansion in order to obtain insights in various approximations for Green's functions calculations. The expansion leads to an effective screening, while keeping the effects of the interaction to all orders. In order to study various aspects of the resulting equations we discretize them, and retain only one point in space, spin, and time for all variables. Within this one-point model we obtain an explicit solution for the Green's function, which allows us to explore the structure of the general family of solutions, and to determine the specific solution that corresponds to the physical one. Moreover we analyze the performances of established approaches like $GW$ over the whole range of interaction strength, and we explore alternative approximations. Finally we link certain approximations for the exact solution to the corresponding manipulations for the differential equation which produce them. This link is crucial in view of a generalization of our findings to the real (multidimensional functional) case where only the differential equation is known.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure

the case of classical ballet dancers

This study examines how employees assess demands-abilities and needs-supplies across their work lifespan, and how they better adjust to their work. Based on person-environment fit theory, the job design and the lifespan literatures, and using interviews with a sample of 40 professional ballet dancers, our research shows how the interplay between demands, abilities, needs, organizational resources, and regulation strategies contributes to a process of adjustment, and consequently enhances psychological well-being across the work lifespan. Additionally, we contribute to literature on well-being by presenting evidence of how organizational resources are perceived differently across the work lifespan and why. We also extend theory on job crafting by showing that crafting is partly a function of the phases of one's lifetime and by presenting evidence of forms of crafting among older workers. With increased longevity, individuals will need to remain working or recraft a career after reaching retirement age. Addressing age-related changes and considering the importance of organizational resources to well-being can help promote active aging.preprintpublishe

Analysis of different ventilation strategies and CO2 distribution in a naturally ventilated classroom

CO2 monitoring has proven to be an effective and affordable way of controlling air ventilation rates, a paramount task for minimizing airborne contagions in indoor shared spaces. In this work, the CO2 distribution in a naturally-ventilated classroom has been thoroughly characterized, gaining information not only on the effectiveness of diverse ventilation strategies but also on the expected differences between CO2 values when varying the sampling location within the room. The results confirm that an adequate renewal of the air in the room requires the use of cross-ventilation, with openings in different walls. Furthermore, it was found that ventilation is optimized, for a given total opening area, when the openings are distributed as much as possible among different windows. For most of the studied conditions, a global windows opening area of 1.24 m2 with an open door was typically enough to yield CO2 concentrations below 700 ppm. The CO2 readings displayed a noticeable and consistent dependency on the sampling height, with below-average values at 0.75 m, the highest concentrations at 1.5 m, and levels close to the average when sampling at a height of 2.2 m. For a given height, the influence of the sampling location within the room was weaker, and more dependent on the specific ventilation strategy applied. However, the tests consistently showed CO2 records significantly lower for sensors installed on the walls. Besides a detailed spatial and temporal characterization of the ventilation process under different ventilation strategies, these results are thought to provide useful and novel information for a judicious placement of CO2 monitoring systems

Analysing consumer-brand engagement through appreciative listening on social network platforms

The evolution of technology changed the external environment surrounding businesses creating a plethora of new opportunities and challenges. Particularly, social network platforms became attractive to companies due to their interactive nature as they increase consumers’ and brand opportunities for developing long-term relationships and engagement. In this sense, the main goal of this article is to understand whether appreciative listening can contribute to the improvement of consumer-brand engagement using these platforms. We develop two studies based on Starbuck’s facebook page whereby findings from study one are used as inputs to study two. Results demonstrate that appreciative listening can actually improve consumer-brand engagement.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio