O desenvolvimento da compreensão histórica através de uma abordagem de aprendizagem cooperativa: um projeto com alunos portugueses do 3.º ano do Ensino Básico

O presente artigo pretende dar a conhecer um projeto que se insere na área de investigação em Educação Histórica, realizado no âmbito da prática de Ensino Supervisionada do Mestrado em Educação Pré-escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, sob a supervisão da Doutora Glória Solé (Universidade do Minho, Portugal), com o tema “O desenvolvimento de compreensão histórica através de uma abordagem de aprendizagem cooperativa: um projeto com alunos do 3.º ano do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico” (PIMENTEL, 2013). O desenvolvimento deste projeto de investigação desenrolou-se em contexto real de aprendizagem no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, numa turma do 3.º ano de escolaridade, numa escola da periferia de Braga (Portugal). Com base nas observações das primeiras semanas da prática de ensino supervisionado, verificou-se que a maioria dos alunos possuía fracas competências ao nível da relação com os outros e no trabalho cooperativo. Da mesma forma, foi visível como os alunos desta turma estavam pouco habituados à construção do seu próprio conhecimento, revelando serem pouco críticos e reflexivos em relação a qualquer conteúdo/temática a ser trabalhada, visando este projeto promover nestes alunos o pensamento histórico e avaliar as suas ideias à luz da investigação em cognição histórica. Posto isto, escolheu-se a temática de investigação referida, uma vez que colocaria particular ênfase no papel dos alunos no processo de construção do conhecimento histórico e da sua compreensão (FOSNOT, 1999; BARCA, 2004; 2011), integrando a área curricular do Estudo do Meio (nas Ciências Sociais, com destaque para a História), e tendo em conta a abordagem de aprendizagem cooperativa (FREITAS; FREITAS, 2002).This work is funded by CIEd- Research Centre on Education, Intituto de Educação, UMinho, through national funds, of FCT/MCTES-PT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Proyecto de aula para la enseñanza de la estadística básica en el ciclo 1.

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el diseño de un proyecto de aula para la enseñanza de la estadística en los estudiantes del ciclo 1 de básica primaria, se parte de los resultados obtenidos en las PRUEBAS SABER- 2017 donde se evidencia un bajo desempeño en el pensamiento aleatorio y sistema de datos, para esto se realizó un diagnóstico que constaba de tres actividades que dieran cuenta de los aprendizajes en matemáticas y estadística de los estudiantes de tercero de la Institución Educativa Compartir y las habilidades básica de pensamiento. Con base en los resultados obtenidos se diseñó y aplicó un proyecto de aula para la enseñanza de los conceptos básicos de la estadística teniendo en cuenta el enfoque constructivista y el aprendizaje cooperativo, favoreciendo la interdisciplinaridad y conexiones con otras áreas del conocimiento, para el desarrollo del pensamiento aleatorio y sistema de datos. Uno de los principales resultados se refleja en una disminución en las debilidades encontradas al inicio del proceso y un mantenimiento de sus fortalezas todo ello a través de la Investigación-Acción-Educativa-IAE- . Se formalizó una propuesta metodológica para la enseñanza de la estadística básica en los grados iniciales en la primaria que se puede adaptar a diferentes contextos y que contribuye a la alfabetización estadística en nuestro país. Palabras claves: Proyecto de aula, estadística, enfoque cualitativo, constructivismo, investigación acción educativa. The main objective of this work is the designing of a Classroom Project fitted for the teaching of the subject of Statistics, directed to the students of the 1st cycle of Elementary School. Our basis are the results gathered from the SABER TESTS 2017, which evidence a low performance in the areas of Random Thinking and Data Systems. A diagnose was made consisting of 3 activities which evaluated the learning of mathematics and statistics, as well as basic thinking skills, of the students from 3rd grade of Compartir Educational Institution. Based upon the results obtained, we designed and applied a Classroom Project for the teaching of Statistics and its basic concepts. This design was directed through a constuctivist and cooperative learning approach, which favors and interdisciplinary nature and connections with other knowledge areas in the development of Random Thinking and Data Systems. One of the main results found is a reduction of the weaknesses found at the beginning at the process, while keeping the strengths. This was achieved through Research-Action-Education or RAE. A Methodological Proposal was then formalized in order to teach basic Statistics on the early grades of Elementary School, which can be adapted to various contexts, and contributes to the statistic literacy in our country. Keywords: classroom project, statistics, qualitative approach, constructivism, Research-Action-Education R-A-E.Abstract: The main objective of this work is the designing of a Classroom Project fitted for the teaching of the subject of Statistics, directed to the students of the 1st cycle of Elementary School. Our basis are the results gathered from the SABER TESTS 2017, which evidence a low performance in the areas of Random Thinking and Data Systems. A diagnose was made consisting of 3 activities which evaluated the learning of mathematics and statistics, as well as basic thinking skills, of the students from 3rd grade of Compartir Educational Institution. Based upon the results obtained, we designed and applied a Classroom Project for the teaching of Statistics and its basic concepts. This design was directed through a constuctivist and cooperative learning approach, which favors and interdisciplinary nature and connections with other knowledge areas in the development of Random Thinking and Data Systems. One of the main results found is a reduction of the weaknesses found at the beginning at the process, while keeping the strengths. This was achieved through Research-Action-Education or RAE. A Methodological Proposal was then formalized in order to teach basic Statistics on the early grades of Elementary School, which can be adapted to various contexts, and contributes to the statistic literacy in our country

A dynamic intron retention program enriched in RNA processing genes regulates gene expression during terminal erythropoiesis

Differentiating erythroblasts execute a dynamic alternative splicing program shown here to include extensive and diverse intron retention (IR) events. Cluster analysis revealed hundreds of developmentally-dynamic introns that exhibit increased IR in mature erythroblasts, and are enriched in functions related to RNA processing such as SF3B1 spliceosomal factor. Distinct, developmentally-stable IR clusters are enriched in metal-ion binding functions and include mitoferrin genes SLC25A37 and SLC25A28 that are critical for iron homeostasis. Some IR transcripts are abundant, e.g. comprising ∼50% of highly-expressed SLC25A37 and SF3B1 transcripts in late erythroblasts, and thereby limiting functional mRNA levels. IR transcripts tested were predominantly nuclear-localized. Splice site strength correlated with IR among stable but not dynamic intron clusters, indicating distinct regulation of dynamically-increased IR in late erythroblasts. Retained introns were preferentially associated with alternative exons with premature termination codons (PTCs). High IR was observed in disease-causing genes including SF3B1 and the RNA binding protein FUS. Comparative studies demonstrated that the intron retention program in erythroblasts shares features with other tissues but ultimately is unique to erythropoiesis. We conclude that IR is a multi-dimensional set of processes that post-transcriptionally regulate diverse gene groups during normal erythropoiesis, misregulation of which could be responsible for human disease

Transmissão de valores morais entre gerações de famílias em condições de vulnerabilidade social e econômica

Introduction: this study analysed the transmission of values between generations in groups of people in unfavourable economic and social conditions. It was carried out with grandparents, their children, and their grandchildren who are residents of a peripheral neighbourhood of the capital of São Paulo and live in restricted economic conditions and under the daily impact of violence. The study sought to determine how the passage of values between generations is processed, in view of the exposure to conditions of deprivation to which these people are subjected, while they carry the obligation to ensure the minimum for their children but do not have the necessary resources. This raises the question of how it is possible to affirm a notion of right and wrong within this social framework. The theoretical basis of this study was psychoanalysis, using the concepts of Identification, Ego Ideal, Ideal Ego, Oedipus, and the dynamics underlying the insertion of the father in the Oedipal triad. Methods: interviews were conducted through group meetings to discuss issues related to morals. These discussions involved the three generational components of three families. Different arrangements were made that involved the same generational group in an initial meeting and, in another meeting, the mixture of different generations and different families responding to pre-established themes that involved moral dilemmas focused on the daily cultural and social life of these families. Results: the grandfathers were ambiguous because they have a reference to a law of morals transcending space and time. Parents, realising the ambiguity of these grandparents in relation to reality, reformulate these moral questions, basing their convictions on a law that is established within the contingencies of everyday life and, therefore, changeable. The adolescent grandchildren perceive this ambiguity in the parents and in their speech. Conclusion: There is greater identification of moral standards among grandchildren and grandparents than between children and parents. The interviewed parents were ambiguous in the way they act and speak, with the transgenerational reproduction model being more guided between grandchildren and grandparents than in the sequential temporal generational sequence.Introdução: analisou a passagem dos valores entre as gerações em grupos de pessoas em condições econômico e sociais desfavoráveis. O estudo foi realizado com avôs, seus filhos e netos, moradores de um bairro periférico da capital de São Paulo que vivem em condições econômicas restritas e sob o impacto cotidiano da violência. Buscou-se responder como se processa a passagem de valores entre as gerações, tendo em vista a exposição a condições de privação a que estas pessoas estão submetidas, ao mesmo tempo que carregam a obrigação de assegurar o mínimo aos seus filhos, mas não dispõem de recursos para isso. O que se configura então, é a pergunta de como é possível afirmar uma noção de certo e errado diante deste quadro social. A base de sustentação teórica foi a Psicanálise, resgatando os conceitos de Identificação, Ego Ideal, Ideal de Ego, Édipo e as dinâmicas subjacentes à inserção do pai na tríade edípica. Método: foram realizadas entrevistas por meio de encontros grupais de discussão de assuntos relacionados à moral. Estas discussões envolveram os três componentes geracionais de três famílias, em diferentes arranjos que envolviam o mesmo grupo geracional em um primeiro momento e em outro a mescla de diferentes gerações e diferentes famílias respondendo a temáticas pré-estabelecidas e que envolviam dilemas morais focados no cotidiano cultural e social destas famílias. Resultados: os avôs se mostraram ambíguos pois possuem uma referência de Lei, de moral, deslocada no espaço e no tempo; os pais percebendo a ambiguidade destes avôs em relação à realidade reformulam estas questões morais pautando suas convicções em uma Lei que se estabelece dentro das contingências do cotidiano e, portanto, mutável; os netos adolescentes percebem esta ambiguidade nos pais e nos seus discursos. Conclusão: há maior identificação de padrões morais entre netos e avôs do que entre filhos e pais. Os pais entrevistados se mostraram ambíguos na forma de agir e de discursar, sendo o modelo de reprodução transgeracional mais pautado entre netos e avôs do que na sequência geracional temporal sequencial

Effectiveness of digital health on the quality of life of long-term breast cancer survivors: a systematic review

Objectives: To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of digital health interventions to improve the quality of life or any of its four dimensions (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual) in women survivors of breast cancer who are in the extended or permanent survival stage. Data Sources: Systematic review—Four databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Conclusion: The clinical evidence shows a positive relationship or association between eHealth use and improved quality of life in breast cancer survivors at extended or permanent survival stage. However, the findings point to a deficit in the assessment of the social and spiritual domains that play a fundamental role in the quality of life of survivors. Implication for Nursing Practice: The findings found reflect implications of great value for nursing practice because these professionals are the main users of digital health tools to provide them to patients. Using these digital tools contributes to improving evidence-based practice and providing greater efficiency and effectiveness in the care of long-term cancer survivors.This work was supported by the National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain, for the period 2022–2024 [grant number PI21/00894

Intervención en las conductas de intimidación escolar y fomento de la conducta prosocial en el grado séptimo 2 y 3 de la jornada mañana de la institución educativa juan bautista la Salle de la ciudad de Florencia Caquetá

Consentimiento informado, Asentimiento informado, Cuestionario para estudiantes, Hoja de respuesta, Cuestionario para docentes, Cuestionario para padres de familia, Protocolo de intervención, Registro fotográficoEl proyecto de investigación se llevó a cabo en la Institución Educativa Juan Bautista la Salle, en los grados séptimo 2 y 3 de la jornada de la mañana en la ciudad de Florencia-Caquetá, buscando disminuir los niveles de intimidación escolar y aumentar la conducta prosocial en los estudiantes, siendo una investigación de tipo cuasi-experimental, con la participación de 39 estudiantes para el grupo experimental y 40 para el grupo control. Donde se desarrolló aspectos relacionados con el acoso escolar; presentándose algunas conceptualizaciones entorno a la violencia escolar, cómo surge, se hace manifiesto y los actores que en él intervienen, lo que argumenta la importancia que tienen los estudios sobre acoso escolar, para proceder a la promoción de conductas para la sana convivencia y así disminuir la agresión mediante la participación activa en la solución de este fenómeno. Por lo que, a través de los resultados arrojados después de aplicar el protocolo, se logró obtener la disminución de conductas agresivas y se reconoció la incidencia de las conductas prosociales que pueden llegar a adquirir los estudiantes y que generan un factor de protección para contrarrestar la problemática de la intimidación, siendo manifiesto por los docentes de dichos grados y los mismos estudiantes, quienes han vivido el cambio en cuanto a la forma de comunicación y la reducción de agresiones físicas.The research project was carried out in the educational institution Juan Bautista La Salle, in grades 7 , 2 and 3 of the day in the morning in the city of Florencia-Caqueta, Which seek to reduce the levels of school bullying and increase prosocial behavior in students, being a research type of quasi-experimental, with the participation of 39 students to the experimental group, and 40 in the control group. Where is development aspects related to the bullying; presenting some conceptualizations environment to school violence, how it arises, is evident and the actors involved, what argues the importance of the studies on bullying, to proceed for promoting healthy behaviors for a healthy life and reduce aggression through active participation in the solution of this phenomenon. Therefore, through the results after applying the protocol, it was possible to obtain a decrease in aggressive behaviors and recognized the incidence of the prosocial behavior that can acquire the students and that generate a protection factor to counteract the problem of the intimidation, being revealed by the teachers of these grades and the students themselves, those who have lived through the change in the way of communication and the reduction of physical assaults

Cátedra de paz como estrategia pedagógica para promover las relaciones interpersonales en los estudiantes de grado octavo (8°) de la institución educativa oficial inem municipio de neiva – huila.

Proyecto Aplicado, denominado “Cátedra de Paz como Estrategia Pedagógica para Promover las Relaciones Interpersonales en los Estudiantes de Octavo (8°) Grado de la Institución Educativa Oficial INEM Municipio de Neiva – Huila”, el cual está soportado en la Línea de Investigación Funcional de Educación y Desarrollo Humano en la medida que se profundiza en el componente pedagógico y didáctico y su relación con la proyección de estrategias que ayuden a los procesos formativos, el mejoramiento del entorno escolar, la convivencia y el desarrollo humano con base en la promoción de una cultura de la paz. De la misma manera, se establecen encuentros con otros saberes alrededor de los sujetos que se educan, por lo tanto, la educación, la pedagogía y la dimensionalidad del desarrollo humano se constituyen en elementos articuladores de este Proyecto. En efecto, se describe el impacto que generó en los estudiantes del octavo grado de la Institución Educativa Oficial INEM la implementación de la Cátedra de la Paz, cuya estrategia implicaba la formación en valores, actitudes y comportamientos para prevenir el conflicto y promover las relaciones interpersonales. La Cátedra de la Paz constituye un acto práctico mas no teórico, un día a día y la comprensión que no es una asignatura más, sino un nuevo estilo de convivencia y de cambio para el Currículo Educativo, promoviendo dentro de la comunidad Educativa una Cultura de Paz basada en el respeto, el reconocimiento de la diversidad y la diferencia, la justicia y la equidad, orientados a generar procesos de transformación a nivel micro y macro dentro del contexto social.Applied Project, called "Chair of Peace as a Pedagogical Strategy to Promote Interpersonal Relations in Students of Eighth (8th) Degree of the Official Educational Institution INEM Municipality of Neiva - Huila", which is supported in the Line of Functional Research of Education and Human Development to the extent that the pedagogical and didactic component is deepened and its relationship with the projection of strategies that help the training processes, the improvement of the school environment, coexistence and human development based on the promotion of a culture of peace. In the same way, meetings with other knowledge are established around the subjects that are educated, therefore, education, pedagogy and the dimensionality of human development become articulating elements of this Project. In effect, the impact that the implementation of the Chair of Peace generated in the eighth grade students of the INEM Official Educational Institution is described, whose strategy involved training in values, attitudes and behaviors to prevent conflict and promote interpersonal relationships . The Chair of Peace constitutes a practical but not theoretical act, one day to day and the understanding that it is not just another subject, but a new style of coexistence and change for the Educational Curriculum, promoting within the Educational community a Culture of Peace based on respect, recognition of diversity and difference, justice and equity, aimed at generating transformation processes at the micro and macro level within the social context

Un estudio de las propiedades estructurales, magnéticas y eléctricas de los compuestos Ba1-xNaxCoO3(x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75)

Los materiales de tipo cobaltita que presentan transición metal-aislante tienen relevancia en el mercado de la electrónica de consumo. En este trabajo presentamos las propiedades estructurales, magnéticas y eléctricas de las cobaltitas Ba1-xNaxCoO3 (con x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75). Todas las muestras se sintetizaron mediante un proceso de reacción en estado sólido y su estructura cristalina se determinó a partir de datos de difracción de rayos X (DRX), mediante el método de Rietveld, el cual indicó que las muestras cristalizan en el grupo espacial ortorrómbico C2221 (N.o 20). La microestructura de las muestras sinterizadas se caracterizó mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB). Las medidas de susceptibilidad magnética confirmaron un comportamiento paramagnético para x ≥ 0.5 en el rango de temperatura estudiado y un pico amplio alrededor de 33 K en la muestra x = 0.25, lo cual es característico de los comportamientos antiferromagnéticos. Las medidas de resistividad permitieron determinar el comportamiento aislante de muestras con x = 0.5 y x = 0.75, mientras que a bajo contenido de sodio (x = 0.25), se observó una transición metal-aislante con temperatura de transición cercana a 105 K. 105 K.Cobaltite-like materials having metal-insulator transitions are relevant in the consumer electronics market. In this work, we present the structural, magnetic, and electrical properties of Ba1-xNaxCoO3 (with x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) cobaltite. All samples were synthesized using a solid-state reaction process. Their crystal structure was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) data by the Rietveld method, which showed that all the samples were crystallized in the orthorhombic space group C2221 (N.° 20). The microstructure of the sintered samples was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The magnetic susceptibility measurements confirmed a paramagnetic behavior for x ≥ 0.5 in the temperature range that was used. Likewise, a broad peak around 33 K in the sample x = 0.25, and characteristic of antiferromagnetic behaviors were observed. On the other hand, resistivity contributed to determining the insulating behavior of samples where x = 0.5 and x = 0.75. In contrast, at low sodium content (x = 0.25), a metal-insulator transition was observed with transition temperature near 105 K

Comparison of five pretreatments for the production of fermentable sugars obtained from Pinus pseudostrobus L. wood

To benefit from the use of a waste product such as pine sawdust from a sawmill in Michoacán, Mexico, five different pretreatments for the production of reducing sugars by enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated (sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, steam explosion, organosolv and combined method nitric acid / sodium hydroxide). The main finding of the study was that the pretreatment with 6 % HNO3 and 1 % NaOH led to better yields than those obtained with sodium hydroxide, dilute sulfuric acid, steam explosion, and organosolv pretreatments. Also, HNO3 yields were maximized by the factorial method. With those results the maxima concentration of reducing sugar found was 97.83 ± 1.59, obtained after pretreatment with 7.5 % HNO3 at 120 °C for 30 minutes; followed by 1 % of NaOH at 90 °C for 30 minutes at pH 4.5 for 168 hours with a load enzyme of 25 FPU/g of total carbohydrates. Comparing the results obtained by the authors with those reported in the literature, the combined method was found to be suitable for use in the exploitation of sawdust