ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СКОРОСТИ И ОСОБЕННОСТЕЙ КОРРОЗИИ ОБРАЗЦОВ ИЗ НАНОСТРУКТУРИРОВАННОГО АЛЮМИНИЕВОГО СПЛАВА В СЕРОВОДОРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ СРЕДЕ

The study determines corrosion rate and covers corrosion damage specifics of AK4-1 aluminum alloy samples in the NACE hydrogen sulfide solution. The alloy was studied in an ultrafine state as compared to the coarse-grained state obtained after standard T6 treatment (hardening + ageing). The alloy was nanostructured by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP). It was shown that the alloy corrosion rate after ECAP was 1,9 times higher than after T6 treatment. Thus, general corrosion occurred in the alloy after ECAP, while in the T6 state pit corrosion occurred in the alloy in addition to general corrosion. The corrosive effect had a greater impact on surface roughness of samples made of AK4-1 alloy after ECAP as compared to samples after T6 treatment.Определяли скорость коррозии и исследовали особенности коррозионного повреждения в сероводородсодержащем растворе NACE образцов из алюминиевого сплава АК4-1. Сплав изучали в ультрамелкозернистом состоянии в сравнении с крупнозернистым состоянием, полученным после стандартной обработки Т6 (закалка + старение). Наноструктурирование сплава проводили путем равноканального углового прессования (РКУП). Показано, что скорость коррозии сплава после РКУП в 1,9 раза выше, чем после обработки Т6. При этом в сплаве после РКУП имеет место общая коррозия, а в сплаве в состоянии Т6 помимо общей коррозии наблюдается и язвенная. Коррозионное воздействие оказывает большее влияние на параметры шероховатости поверхности образцов из сплава АК4-1 после РКУП по сравнению с образцами после обработки Т6

Cats of Instagram- Celebrity in animal format : A multimodal analysis of the humanization of animals on social media.

Gillar du katter lika mycket som vi gör? I denna studie har vi genom bilder och captions(bildtext) studerat hur en del katter porträtteras på Instagram och på vilka sätt. Detta har gjortutifrån teorier som bland annat identitetsbegreppet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersökahur katter porträtteras och förmänskligas på Instagram och därmed inhämta ny kunskap inomområdet djursociologi. Vi har undersökt 10 olika kattkonton som är olika stora och från dessakonton har vi skapat en bildsamling med 80 bilder från Instagram med tillhörande captions.Metoden vi har använt är en kvalitativ visuell metod av bilder och text, samt multimodal analys.Detta för att denna analysform tillåtit oss att bryta ner bilder och texter till mer analyserbarakomponenter. Vi har stöttat oss på teorier av bland andra Trost och Levin, Irvine, Sanders,Haraway och Carter & Charles. Vad gäller analysen såg vi många olika sätt på vilka katterförmänskligas och får en identitet. Detta kunde ske bland annat genom symbolik, agens,emotioner, klädsel och rekvisita samt i vissa fall på de sätt som bilderna är tagna på. Vi kundeäven se olika former av mänskliga handlingar och poser som katterna gör på bilderna, att degör något särskilt mänskligt. Vår slutsats är att katter i samhället idag har förmänskligats, fåtten status som personer och anses ha en egen identitet

Библиотеки учебных заведений Перми (XIX - начало XX в.)

Analyzing the catalogues, memories and works of the graduates and teachers of the Perm educational institutes the author reveals that there are the same features in forming library collections of educational institutes in different provincial towns of the XIXth century. The availability of library collections for the students is shown by the example of the Perm Male Gymnasium and the Perm Theological Seminary.На основе анализа каталогов, воспоминаний и трудов выпускников и преподавателей учебных заведений Перми выявляются сходные черты в формировании библиотек учебных заведений разного типа в губернском городе XIX в., особенности комплектования фундаментальных и ученических собраний. Показана степень доступности библиотечных фондов для учащейся молодежи на примере библиотек двух учебных заведений - Пермской мужской гимназии и Пермской духовной семинарии

Effect of Bacterial Cellulose Plasma Treatment on the Biological Activity of Ag Nanoparticles Deposited Using Magnetron Deposition

New functional medical materials with antibacterial activity based on biocompatible bacterial cellulose (BC) and Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were obtained. Bacterial cellulose films were prepared by stationary liquid-phase cultivation of the Gluconacetobacter hansenii strain GH-1/2008 in Hestrin–Schramm medium with glucose as a carbon source. To functionalize the surface and immobilize Ag NPs deposited by magnetron sputtering, BC films were treated with low-pressure oxygen–nitrogen plasma. The composition and structure of the nanomaterials were studied using transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Using electron microscopy, it was shown that on the surface of the fibrils that make up the network of bacterial cellulose, Ag particles are stabilized in the form of aggregates 5–35 nm in size. The XPS C 1s spectra show that after the deposition of Ag NPs, the relative intensities of the C-OH and O-C-O bonds are significantly reduced. This may indicate the destruction of BC oxypyran rings and the oxidation of alcohol groups. In the Ag 3d5/2 spectrum, two states at 368.4 and 369.7 eV with relative intensities of 0.86 and 0.14 are distinguished, which are assigned to Ag0 state and Ag acetate, respectively. Nanocomposites based on plasma-treated BC and Ag nanoparticles deposited by magnetron sputtering (BCP-Ag) exhibited antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis

Hydrolysis of aromatic polyurethane in water under high pressure of CO2

We have demonstrated a hydrolysis reaction of polyurethane (PU) under high pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) in water. We employed the PU sample, poly(methylene bis-(1,4-phenylene)hexamethylene dicarbamate), denoted as M-PU, which was synthesized from 4,4′-diphenyl methane diisocyanate and 1,4-butane diol (BD). The optimum hydrolysis reaction condition was 190 °C under CO2 pressures over 4.1 MPa in water medium, and 93% hydrolysis of M-PU was achieved. After the reaction, the water-soluble parts were obtained, and isolated by column chromatography. The isolated products were 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA) and 1,4-butane diol (BD), which were components of repeating unit of M-PU. In addition, the hydrolysis reaction gave no byproduct. This hydrolysis under high pressure of CO2 with water is a reaction by which M-PU is selectively hydrolyzed into MDA and BD by cleaving urethane linkage. Moreover, the resulting hydrolyzed products were easily obtained by evaporation of aqueous layer after the reaction, indicating an efficient chemical recycling of PU was achieved

Effectiveness of autologous cell products derived from adipose tissue for the treatment of severe local radiation injuries

Aim: to investigate the dynamics of ulcer surface healing depending on type of radiation ulcer and cell product in murine experimental model of severe local radiation injuries after exposure to X-rays. Material and Methods. Mature Wistar rats were used for experiments (males, weight 180-200 grams). Standard model of severe local radiation injuries was used: X-ray irradiation of animals on a modified RAP100-10 device. Isolation of the stromal-vascular fraction carried out by enzymatic treatment of adipose tissue. Autologous cells transplantation performed on day 20 after irradiation in the case of acute radiation injury model (early radiation ulcers) and day 120 in the case of long-term effects of radiation injury model (chronic radiation ulcers). As a positive control allogeneic MMSC derived from rat bone marrow were used. Results. Application of autologous cell products derived from adipose tissue in animal model of severe local radiation injuries was investigated for the first time. It was shown that usage of stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue for the treatment of early radiation injuries not only leads to better improvement (as compared with the use of MMSCs), but also pronounced therapeutic effect could be observed at an earlier time. On the model of long-term effects of radiation injuries therapeutic effect was observed for all cell products. Conclusion. Cell-based products derived from adipose tissue are promising material for future research and clinical application for treatment of local radiation injuriesK) Described method allows choosing treatment strategy basing on patient's individual characteristics and the type of local radiation injuries