Diamonds as timing detectors for MIP: The HADES proton-beam monitor and start detectors

This paper gives an overview of a recent development of measuring time of flight of minimum-ionizing particles (MIP) with mono-crystalline diamond detectors. The application in the HADES spectrometer as well as test results obtained with proton beams are discussed.Comment: submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods

A Tutorial and Review on Flight Control Co-Simulation Using Matlab/Simulink and Flight Simulators

Flight testing in a realistic three-dimensional virtual environment is increasingly being considered a safe and cost-effective way of evaluating aircraft models and their control systems. The paper starts by reviewing and comparing the most popular personal computer-based flight simulators that have been successfully interfaced to date with the MathWorks software. This co-simulation approach allows combining the strengths of Matlab toolboxes for functions including navigation, control, and sensor modeling with the advanced simulation and scene rendering capabilities of dedicated flight simulation software. This approach can then be used to validate aircraft models, control algorithms, flight handling chatacteristics, or perform model identification from flight data. There is, however, a lack of sufficiently detailed step-by-step flight co-simulation tutorials, and there have also been few attempts to evaluate more than one flight co-simulation approach at a time. We, therefore, demonstrate our own step-by-step co-simulation implementations using Simulink with three different flight simulators: Xplane, FlightGear, and Alphalink’s virtual flight test environment (VFTE). All three co-simulations employ a real-time user datagram protocol (UDP) for data communication, and each approach has advantages depending on the aircraft type. In the case of a Cessna-172 general aviation aircraft, a Simulink co-simulation with Xplane demonstrates successful virtual flight tests with accurate simultaneous tracking of altitude and speed reference changes while maintaining roll stability under arbitrary wind conditions that present challenges in the single propeller Cessna. For a medium endurance Rascal-110 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Simulink is interfaced with FlightGear and with QGroundControl using the MAVlink protocol, which allows to accurately follow the lateral UAV path on a map, and this setup is used to evaluate the validity of Matlab-based six degrees of freedom UAV models. For a smaller ZOHD Nano Talon miniature aerial vehicle (MAV), Simulink is interfaced with the VFTE, which was specifically designed for this MAV, and with QGroundControl for the testing of advanced H-infinity observer-based autopilots using a software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulation to achieve robust low altitude flight under windy conditions. This is then finally extended to hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) implementation on the Nano Talon MAV using a controller area network (CAN) databus and a Pixhawk-4 mini autopilot with simulated sensor models

The emergence time and flight routes used by lesser horseshoe bats of Radziechowy colony (Poland)

Lesser horseshoes are bats quite strongly attached to their roost sites and are considered as sedentary species avoiding long-distance migration. In Poland, the range of occurrence of the lesser horseshoe bat is restricted to mountain areas, where they prefer overgrown mountain streams for their feeding grounds. Due to these features, even seemingly small habitat changes are likely to have serious implications for maintaining local subpopulations of this rare and endangered species. In Radziechowy village, where trees were cut in the Wieśnik stream (bat feeding area), a change in the use of feeding grounds by lesser horseshoe bats was observed. This publication additionally describes the time and the manner of departure of bats from their roost. The study was conducted before the logging (2012) and immediately after the logging (2013–2016), near a church, from the most beneficial point. The study was conducted by a team of 2–3 members, starting each time 15 minutes before sunset and finishing after the bats departure. Lesser horseshoe bats avoid light and open space and they leave their roost in a complicated way. It is established that there is a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.992, p < 0.001) between sunset and emergence time of bats from the roost site. In this paper, during the emergence time, the weather influence was observed. On a cloudy day, an earlier emergence time was observed — 9 minutes after the sunset, while the average emergence time for all observations was 23.3 minutes. The conducted detector watches proved that bats most likely use the closest environment of the colony within a radius of 150–200 meters. Lesser horseshoe bats were observed in ditches of roadside trees, dense hedges and backyard orchards overgrown with apples and pears, which is typical for this species.Підковики малі досить тісно пов’язані з місцями ночівлі і цей вид кажанів вважають осілим, що уникає дальні міграції. У Польщі ареал поширення підковика малого обмежений гірськими районами, де серед місць живлення надають перевагу зарослим гірським потокам. Завдяки цьому навіть незначні, на перший погляд, зміни біотопів можуть призвести до серйозних наслідків щодо підтримання локальних субпопуляцій цього рідкісного виду. У селі Радзехови, де уздовж потоку В’єшнік (місце живлення кажанів) вирубали дерева, виявлено зміни у використанні територій живлення та у появі кажанів із місць ночівлі. Дослідження проведено до (2012) та після (2013–2016) рубки дерев командою із 2–3 членів біля церкви з найбільш вигідної точки. Спостереження розпочали кожного разу за 15 хвилин до заходу сонця і закінчили після виходу кажанів. Підковики малі уникають світлі та відкриті місця і вони виходять з місця ночівлі складним способом. Визначено, що існує статистично вірогідна кореляція (r = 0,992, p < 0,001) між часом заходу сонця та появи кажанів із місця ночівлі. У цій роботі також розглянуто вплив погоди на час виходу кажанів. Зокрема, спостережено більш рання поява кажанів у похмурий день — за 9 хв після заходу сонця, при цьому середній час виходу за всі спостереження становив 23,3 хв. Проведені детекторні дослідження показали, що кажани використовують найближче оточення колонії у радіусі 150–200 метрів. Підковиків малих спостерігали у дуплах придорожніх дерев, густих живоплотах та садах з яблунею і грушею, що типово для цього виду

Peierls Instabilities in Quasi-One-Dimensional Quantum Double-Well Chains

Peierls-type instabilities in quarter-filled ($\bar{n}=1/2$) and half-filled ($\bar{n}=1$) quantum double-well hydrogen-bonded chain are investigated analytically in the framework of two-stage orientational-tunnelling model with additional inclusion of the interactions of protons with two different optical phonon branches. It is shown that when the energy of proton-phonon coupling becomes large, the system undergoes a transition to a various types of insulator states. The influence of two different transport amplitudes on ground states properties is studied. The results are compared with the pressure effect experimental investigations in superprotonic systems and hydrogen halides at low temperatures.Comment: 7 pages, RevTeX, 9 eps figure

The distribution of φ-probes in the inflectional structure

Subject-verb agreement in φ-features has been treated as a relation between the subject and some functional category in the clausal spine (Infl, Agr, T). I argue that such severing of the Phi-probe from the verb is problematic for agreement patterns in Bantu languages and argue for a tighter connection between them. The crucial argument is the lack of consistent association of functional heads with agreement features, observed e.g. in compound tenses and aspectual-verb constructions in Bantu languages. The number and positions of Phi-probes in clausal structure are derived from the number and size of head-chains containing a verb.

Strangeness Production at SIS measured with HADES

n this paper we review the recent results on strangeness production measured by HADES in the Ar+KCl system at a beam energy of 1.756 AGeV. A detailed comparison of the measured hadron yields with the statistical model is also discussed.Comment: submitted to Nucl. Phys. A, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collision, Beijing China 200