La police de proximité: notion, institution, action

[ES] La institución policial está evolucionando hacia la policía comunitaria. El objetivo último de este tipo de policía es conseguir un verdadero partenariado entre la policía y la comunidad para acabar con la delincuencia y responder a los complejos problemas del control social. A través del ejemplo inglés (bobby) y japonés (Koban), se muestran algunos elementos para definir la policía de proximidad así como su campo de acción y las condiciones necesarias para su buen funcionamiento.[EU] Poliziaren instituzioa erkidegoaren poliziaruntz bilakatzen ari da. Polizia honen helbururik garrantzitsuena, delinkuentziarekin amaitu eta kontrol sozialaren arazo konplexuei erantzuteko polizia eta erkidegoaren artean benetako partenariado bat lortzea da. Adibide inglesa (bobby) eta japonesaren (koban) bidez, gertuko polizia definitzeko elementu batzuk azaltzen dira, baita zein den bere arloa eta lan on bat egiteko bete behar dituen baldintzak.[FR] L’institution policier évolue vers une police communautaire. L’objectif de ce genre de Police est l’obtention d’un vrai partenariat entre la Police et la Communauté pour finir avec la délinquance et répondre aux complexes problèmes du contrôle social. En prenant comme example la Police anglaise (bobby) et japanaise (Koban), on montre quelques éléments pour définir la Police de Proximité ainsi que son champ d’action et les conditions nécessaires pour son correct fonctionnement.[EN] The Police changes towards the Community Police. The principal objective of this type of Police is to get a true relationship between the Police and the community to make an end of delinquency and solve the complex problems of social control. Through the english model (bobby) and the japanese (Koban), some elements to define Community Police are explained as well as its field of action and the necessary conditions to a right working

De quelques aspects de la criminalité organisée et de la lutte contre icelle

[ES] Tras realizar una breve exposición de las respuestas de la sociedad y del Estado frente a la criminalidad organizada, se analizan los diferentes elementos que la conceptúan indicando la dificultad de conseguir una definición genérica de esta forma de criminalidad. Asimismo, se abordan diferentes cuestiones en torno a la lucha contra el crimen organizado, centrándose en la actuación policial, y aludiendo al Grupo Trevi, los Acuerdos de Schengen y Europol.[EU] Gizarteak eta Estatuak kriminalitate antolatuari ematen dizkien erantzunak labur azaldu ondoren, horien ezaugarriak diren elementuak aztertu dira, batez ere kriminalitate mota horren definizio orokorra eskuratzeko zailtasunak adieraziz. Halaber, krimen antolatuaren aurkako borrokaren inguruko arazoak aztertu dira, batez ere poliziaren jarduketan oinarriturik eta Treviko Taldea, Schengeneko Akordioak eta Europol aipatuz.[FR] Après une petite exposée des réponses de la société et de l’État face à la criminalité organisée, l’auteur analyse les différents élements qui la délimitent ansi que les difficultés pour atteindre une définition génerique de cette sorte de criminalité. D’autre part, plusieures questions sur la lutte contre le crime organisé sont aussi analysées, en les axant sur l’actuation policiale et en faisant allusion au Groupe Trevi, aux Accords de Schengen et Europol.[EN] After a short exposition of the responses of the society and the State to the criminal organisation, the text analyzes differents elements that characterize them and it indicates the difficulty to get to a definition of this kind of criminality. Likewise, it tackles different questions about the fight against the organized crime, looking specially to the police acting and alluding to the Trevi Group, the Accord of Schengen and Europol

La police de proximité: notion, institution, action

[ES] La institución policial está evolucionando hacia la policía comunitaria. El objetivo último de este tipo de policía es conseguir un verdadero partenariado entre la policía y la comunidad para acabar con la delincuencia y responder a los complejos problemas del control social. A través del ejemplo inglés (bobby) y japonés (Koban), se muestran algunos elementos para definir la policía de proximidad así como su campo de acción y las condiciones necesarias para su buen funcionamiento.[EU] Poliziaren instituzioa erkidegoaren poliziaruntz bilakatzen ari da. Polizia honen helbururik garrantzitsuena, delinkuentziarekin amaitu eta kontrol sozialaren arazo konplexuei erantzuteko polizia eta erkidegoaren artean benetako partenariado bat lortzea da. Adibide inglesa (bobby) eta japonesaren (koban) bidez, gertuko polizia definitzeko elementu batzuk azaltzen dira, baita zein den bere arloa eta lan on bat egiteko bete behar dituen baldintzak.[FR] L’institution policier évolue vers une police communautaire. L’objectif de ce genre de Police est l’obtention d’un vrai partenariat entre la Police et la Communauté pour finir avec la délinquance et répondre aux complexes problèmes du contrôle social. En prenant comme example la Police anglaise (bobby) et japanaise (Koban), on montre quelques éléments pour définir la Police de Proximité ainsi que son champ d’action et les conditions nécessaires pour son correct fonctionnement.[EN] The Police changes towards the Community Police. The principal objective of this type of Police is to get a true relationship between the Police and the community to make an end of delinquency and solve the complex problems of social control. Through the english model (bobby) and the japanese (Koban), some elements to define Community Police are explained as well as its field of action and the necessary conditions to a right working

The petrology of a hazardous volcano: Calbuco (Central Southern VolcanicZone, Chile)

peer reviewedThe recurrent explosive eruptions of Calbuco (Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SVZ)) threat a rapidly expanding tour- istic and economic region of Chile. Providing tighter constraints on its magmatic system is therefore important for better monitoring its activity. Calbuco is also distinguished by hornblende-bearing assemblages that contrast with the anhydrous parageneses of most Central SVZ volcanoes. Here we build on previous work to propose a detailed petrological model of the magmatic system beneath Calbuco. Geochemical data acquired on a hundred samples collected in the four units of the volcano show no secular compositional change indicating a steady magmatic system since ~ 300 ka. A tholeiitic Al2O3-rich (20 wt. %) basalt (Mg# = 0.59) is the parent magma of a differentiation trend straddling the tholeiitic/calc-alkaline fields and displaying a narrow compositional Daly gap. Amphibole crystallization was enabled by the higher H2O content of the basalt (3–3.5 wt. % H2O at 50 wt. % SiO2) compared to neighboring volcanoes. This characteristic is inherited from the primary mantle melt and possibly results from a lower degree of partial melting induced by the mantle wedge thermal structure. Although macrocrysts are not all in chemical equilibrium with their host rocks and were thus presumably unlocked from the zoned crystal mush and transported in the carrier melt, the bulk-rock trend follows both experimental liquid lines of descent and the chemical trend of calculated melts in equilibrium with amphibole (AEMs). These contradictory observations can be reconciled if minerals are transported in near cotectic proportions. The AEMs overlap the Daly gap revealing that the missing liquid compositions were present in the storage region. Geothermobarometers all indicate that the chemical diversity from basalt to dacite was acquired at a shallow depth (210–460 MPa). We suggest that differentiation from the primary magma to the parental basalt took place either in the same storage region or at the MOHO.CDR J.00066.14, PDR T.0079.18, Odysseus grant (ON

Calbuco (Central Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile): a hazardous volcano

CDR J.00066.14, PDR T.0079.18, Odysseus grant (ON

The Validity and Structure of Culture-Level Personality Scores: Data From Ratings of Young Adolescents

We examined properties of culture-level personality traits in ratings of targets (N=5,109) ages 12 to 17 in 24 cultures. Aggregate scores were generalizable across gender, age, and relationship groups and showed convergence with culture-level scores from previous studies of self-reports and observer ratings of adults, but they were unrelated to national character stereotypes. Trait profiles also showed cross-study agreement within most cultures, 8 of which had not previously been studied. Multidimensional scaling showed that Western and non-Western cultures clustered along a dimension related to Extraversion. A culture-level factor analysis replicated earlier findings of a broad Extraversion factor but generally resembled the factor structure found in individuals. Continued analysis of aggregate personality scores is warranted. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.Fil: McCrae, Robert R.. National Institute on Ageing; CanadáFil: Terracciano, Antonio. National Institute on Ageing; CanadáFil: De Fruyt, Filip. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: De Bolle, Marleen. University of Ghent; BélgicaFil: Gelfand, Michele J.. University of Maryland; Estados UnidosFil: Costa Jr., Paul T.. National Institute on Ageing; CanadáFil: Klinkosz, Waldemar. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; PoloniaFil: Knežević, Goran. Belgrade University; SerbiaFil: Leibovich de Figueroa, Nora. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Löckenhoff, Corinna E.. Cornell University; Estados UnidosFil: Martin, Thomas A.. Susquehanna University; Estados UnidosFil: Marušić, Iris. Institute for Social Research; CroaciaFil: Mastor, Khairul Anwar. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; MalasiaFil: Nakazato, Katsuharu. Iwate Prefectural University; AfganistánFil: Nansubuga, Florence. Makerere University; UgandaFil: Porrata, Jose. No especifíca;Fil: Purić, Danka. Belgrade University; SerbiaFil: Realo, aAnu. University of Tartu; EstoniaFil: Reátegui, Norma. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Rolland, Jean Pierre. Universite Paris Ouest Nanterre la Defense; FranciaFil: Schmidt, Vanina Ines. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Psicología. Instituto de Investigaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sekowski, Andrzej. The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin; PoloniaFil: Shakespeare Finch, Jane. Queensland University of Technology; AustraliaFil: Shimonaka, Yoshiko. Bunkyo Gakuin University; JapónFil: Simonetti, Franco. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Siuta, Jerzy. Jagiellonian University;Fil: Szmigielska, Barbara. Jagiellonian University;Fil: Vanno, Vitanya. Srinakharinwirot University; TailandiaFil: Wang, Lei. Peking University; ChinaFil: Yik, Michelle. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Hong Kon