Mesure des associations phénoménales et causalité en macro-économétrie.

The article studies the conceptions of causality encountered in macroeconometrics. From an empiricist standpoint, it is natural to privilege measurements of phenomenal associations, spread over a period of time, between series of data. This method has made a major comeback since the 1970s, whereas these years seem to be moving away from the established approach to research in causality in this area. The authors seek to establish in particular the type of causality underpinning the approaches put forward by Clive Granger and Christopher Sims. They show that this definition of causality has distinctive advantages for the study of phenomena in which forecasting, different sets of information, interaction between the behaviour of developers of modelization tools and that of the other agents play a determining role.Epistemology; Causality; Macroeconometrics; Measurements; Modelization;

Sartène – Balchiria

La découverte de deux stèles au lieu-dit Balchiria dans la vallée de Conca a entraîné la mise en œuvre d’une opération de relevés et de prospection géophysique. Le site se trouve à environ 500 m au nord d’une fortification protohistorique identifiée lors d’une prospection-inventaire au début des années 2000. Il est aussi marqué par la présence de mobilier lithique en obsidienne essentiellement sur éclat. Un monument mégalithique, probablement démantelé, est anciennement signalé dans ce secteu..

Assessing a risk tailored intervention to prevent disabling low back pain - protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although most patients with low back pain (LBP) recover within a few weeks a significant proportion has recurrent episodes or will develop chronic low back pain. Several mainly psychosocial risk factors for developing chronic LBP have been identified. However, effects of preventive interventions aiming at behavioural risk factors and unfavourable cognitions have yielded inconsistent results. Risk tailored interventions may provide a cost efficient and effective means to take systematic account of the individual risk factors but evidence is lacking.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>This study will be a cluster-randomised controlled trial comparing screening and a subsequent risk tailored intervention for patients with low back pain to prevent chronic low back pain compared to treatment as usual in primary care. A total of 600 patients from 20 practices in each study arm will be recruited in Berlin and Goettingen. The intervention comprises the following elements: Patients will be assigned to one of four risk groups based on a screening questionnaire. Subsequently they receive an educational intervention including information and counselling tailored to the risk group. A telephone/email consulting service for back pain related problems are offered independent of risk group assignment. The primary outcomes will be functional capacity and sick leave.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This trial will evaluate the effectiveness of screening for risk factors for chronic low back pain followed by a risk tailored intervention to prevent chronic low back pain. This trial will contribute new evidence regarding the flexible use of individual physical and psychosocial risk factors in general practice.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ISRCTN 68205910</p

Multimorbidity and comorbidity in the Dutch population - data from general practices

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Multimorbidity is increasingly recognized as a major public health challenge of modern societies. However, knowledge about the size of the population suffering from multimorbidity and the type of multimorbidity is scarce. The objective of this study was to present an overview of the prevalence of multimorbidity and comorbidity of chronic diseases in the Dutch population and to explore disease clustering and common comorbidities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used 7 years data (2002–2008) of a large Dutch representative network of general practices (212,902 patients). Multimorbidity was defined as having two or more out of 29 chronic diseases. The prevalence of multimorbidity was calculated for the total population and by sex and age group. For 10 prevalent diseases among patients of 55 years and older (N = 52,014) logistic regressions analyses were used to study disease clustering and descriptive analyses to explore common comorbid diseases.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Multimorbidity of chronic diseases was found among 13% of the Dutch population and in 37% of those older than 55 years. Among patients over 55 years with a specific chronic disease more than two-thirds also had one or more other chronic diseases. Most disease pairs occurred more frequently than would be expected if diseases had been independent. Comorbidity was not limited to specific combinations of diseases; about 70% of those with a disease had one or more extra chronic diseases recorded which were not included in the top five of most common diseases.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Multimorbidity is common at all ages though increasing with age, with over two-thirds of those with chronic diseases and aged 55 years and older being recorded with multimorbidity. Comorbidity encompassed many different combinations of chronic diseases. Given the ageing population, multimorbidity and its consequences should be taken into account in the organization of care in order to avoid fragmented care, in medical research and healthcare policy.</p

Introduction: Debates on Experience and Empiricism in Nineteenth Century France

The lasting effects of the debate over canon-formation during the 1980s affected the whole field of Humanities, which became increasingly engaged in interrogating the origin and function of the Western canon (Gorak 1991; Searle 1990). In philosophy, a great deal of criticism was, as a result, directed at the traditional narrative of seventeenth-and eighteenth-century philosophies—a critique informed by postcolonialism (Park 2013) as well as feminist historiography (Shapiro 2016). D. F. Norton (1981), L. Loeb (1981) and many others1 attempted to demonstrate the weaknesses of the tripartite division between rationalism, empiricism and critical philosophy.2 As time went on, symptoms of dissatisfaction with what has been called the “standard narrative” ( Vanzo 2013) and the “epistemological par-adigm” (Haakonssen 2004, 2006) only increased. Indeed, at present, a consensus has been reached that the narrative of the antagonism between “Continental rationalism” and “British empiricism”, and the consequent Aufhebung provided by “German critical philosophy,” has been unable to make sense of the complexity, variety and dynamics of early modern.Fil: Antoine-Mahut, Delphine. Ecole Normale Supérieure; FranciaFil: Manzo, Silvia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación. Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales; Argentin

Alexandre Blanchard. — Le théâtre de Victor Hugo et la parodie. — Paris, Picard

Picavet François. Alexandre Blanchard. — Le théâtre de Victor Hugo et la parodie. — Paris, Picard. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 48, Juillet-Décembre 1904. pp. 475-476

Alcée Fortier. — Précis de l’Histoire de France, avec des notes explicatives en anglais. — New-York, London, The Macmillan Company

Picavet François. Alcée Fortier. — Précis de l’Histoire de France, avec des notes explicatives en anglais. — New-York, London, The Macmillan Company. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 40, Juillet-Décembre 1900. p. 572

Gabriel Séailles. — Les affirmations de la conscience moderne. — Paris, Colin

Picavet François. Gabriel Séailles. — Les affirmations de la conscience moderne. — Paris, Colin. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 46, Juillet-Décembre 1903. pp. 267-269

A. Gazier. — Mélanges de littérature et d'histoire. — Paris, Colin

Picavet François. A. Gazier. — Mélanges de littérature et d'histoire. — Paris, Colin. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 46, Juillet-Décembre 1903. p. 565

Gaston Laurent. — Chateaubriand, récits, scènes et paysages. — Paris, Paulin et Cie, 1904

Picavet François. Gaston Laurent. — Chateaubriand, récits, scènes et paysages. — Paris, Paulin et Cie, 1904. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 49, Janvier-Juin 1905. p. 460