35 research outputs found
Prognostic Factors In Breast Cancer. With Special Reference to Cyclins A, B1, D1 and E, MMP-1 and Decorin
Breast cancer is a highly heterogenous malignancy, which despite of the similar
histological type shows different clinical behaviour and response to therapy. Prognostic
factors are used to estimate the risk for recurrence and the likelihood of treatment
effectiveness. Because breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death
in women worldwide, identification of new prognostic markers are needed to develop
more specific and targeted therapies.
Cancer is caused by uncontrolled cell proliferation. The cell cycle is controlled by specific
proteins, which are known as cyclins. They function at important checkpoints by activating
cyclin-dependent kinase enzymes. Overexpression of different cyclins has been linked to
several cancer types and altered expression of cyclins A, B1, D1 and E has been associated
with poor survival. Little is known about the combined expression of cyclins in relation to
the tumour grade, breast cancer subtype and other known prognostic factors. In this study
cyclins A, B1 and E were shown to correlate with histological grade, Ki-67 and HER2
expression. Overexpression of cyclin D1 correlated with receptor status and non-basal
breast cancer suggesting that cyclin D1 might be a marker of good prognosis.
Proteolysis in the surrounding tumour stroma is increased during cancer development.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that are capable of degrading
extracellular matrix proteins. Increased expression and activation of several MMPs have
been found in many cancers and MMPs appear to be important regulators of invasion and
metastasis. In this study MMP-1 expression was analysed in breast cancer epithelial cells
and in cancer associated stromal cells. MMP-1 expression by breast cancer epithelial
cells was found to carry an independent prognostic value as did Ki-67 and bcl-2. The
results suggest that in addition to stromal cells MMP-1 expression in tumour cells control
breast cancer progression.
Decorin is a small proteoglycan and an important component of the extracellular
matrix. Decorin has been shown to inhibit growth of tumour cells and reduced decorin
expression is associated with a poor prognosis in several cancer types. There has been
some suspicion wheather different cancer cells express decorin. In this study decorin
expression was shown to localize only in the cells of the original stroma, while breast
cancer epithelial cells were negative for decorin expression. However, transduction of
decorin in decorin-negative human breast cancer cells markedly modulated the growth
pattern of these cells. This study provides evidence that targeted decorin transduction
to breast cancer cells could be used as a novel adjuvant therapy in breast malignancies.Siirretty Doriast
Characteristics of clinically node negative breast cancer patients needing preoperative MRI
BACKROUND: International guidelines do not recommend magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for all breast cancer patients at primary diagnostics. This study aimed to understand which patient or tumor characteristics are associated with the use of MRI. The role of MRI among other preoperative imaging methods in clinically node negative breast cancer was studied.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patient and tumor characteristics were analyzed in association with the use of MRI by multivariable logistic regression analysis in 461 patients. Primary tumor size was compared between MRI, mammography (MGR), ultrasound (US) and histopathology by Spearman correlation. The delays in surgery and diagnosis were analyzed among patients with or without MRI, and axillary reoperations were evaluated.RESULTS: Age (p CONCLUSION: Patient selection through prearranged characterization is important in deciding on optimal candidates for preoperative MRI among breast cancer patients. MRI causes moderate delays in primary breast cancer surgery. Preoperative MRI is useful in the evaluation of tumor size but might be insufficient in detecting lymph node metastases</div
Decorin Expression in Human Vulva Carcinoma: Oncosuppressive Effect of Decorin cDNA Transduction on Carcinoma Cells
The extracellular matrix proteoglycan decorin is well-known for its oncosuppressive activity. Here, decorin expression was examined in human vulva carcinoma tissue samples and in primary and commercial cell lines representing this malignant disease. Furthermore, the effect of adenovirus-mediated decorin cDNA (Ad-DCN) transduction on the viability, proliferation, and the expression and activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB/HER) family members of the cell lines were investigated. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for decorin, it was demonstrated that malignant cells in human vulva carcinoma tissues lack decorin expression. This result was true independently on tumor stage, grade or human papillomavirus status. RT-qPCR analyses showed that the human vulva carcinoma cell lines used in this study were also negative for decorin expression. Transduction of the cell lines with Ad-DCN caused a marked reduction in cell viability, while the proliferation of the cells was not affected. Experiments examining potential mechanisms behind the oncosuppressive effect of Ad-DCN transduction revealed that ErbB2/HER2 expression and activity in carcinoma cells were markedly downregulated. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that human vulva carcinoma cells lack decorin expression, and that Ad-DCN transduction of these cells induces oncosuppressive activity in part via downregulation of ErbB2/HER2.</p
Dass, solkraft och hÄllbarhet
Dass, solkraft och hÄllbarhet
â MĂ€nskligheten Ă€r ingen ö av Pia Prost
â Ă
lands resa mot hĂ„llbarhet â mĂ„l för en bĂ€rkraftig skĂ€rgĂ„rd av Lotta Nummelin
â Kan man reparera havet? av Christoffer Boström
â Att möta utmaningarna pĂ„ Europas smĂ„ öar av Camille Dressler
â Om SimskĂ€la, frĂ„n olika hĂ„ll av Christian Pleijel
â Biogas som landsbygdens energikĂ€lla av Mats Nurmio
â Med bĂ„de traditioner och solenergi som barlast av Sami Uotinen
â SnorgĂ€rsen tar plats av Harriet Strandvik
â PĂ„ naturens villkor av Pia Prost
â Torrtoaletter i skĂ€rgĂ„rden - en billig och bra lösning av Petri Huovila
â Dasstömning â nĂ€stan som en dans pĂ„ rosor av Nina Söderlund
â BiosfĂ€romrĂ„den och FNs hĂ„llbarhetsmĂ„l av Katja Bonnevier och Pia Prost
â Elektras första sommar av Pia Prost
â Avhandlingar
â HĂLA! Hasta La Vista av AarĂłn Blanco Tejedor
Bokhörnan:
â NĂ€r Pommern lade ut pĂ„ minuten av Thure Malmberg
â Lyckad bokfest pĂ„ Jurmo Patrik Bengtfolks
â DefenceArch av Marcus Lepola
â SkĂ€rinytt
â Sista bilde
Contrasting effects of cover crops on earthworms: Results from field monitoring and laboratory experiments on growth, reproduction and food choice
Cover crops are an essential element of sustainable agriculture and can affect earthworm populations. In a field trial, we investigated the effects of four cover crop treatments: radish (Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus B.; at high and low seed density), black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) and Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanese M.) on earthworms under two irrigation regimes. The two parallel field trials (irrigated and rainfed) demonstrated the significance of soil moisture for earthworm abundance with lower numbers under rainfed black oat and Sudan grass compared with moister bare fallow in autumn (P < 0.05). Soil moisture content changed from autumn to spring and was highest under Sudan grass in both irrigation regimes (P < 0.05). Earthworm numbers equalised and were then similar in all treatments, but under rainfed cover crop treatments, earthworm populations gained 62.3 g gâ1 in biomass from autumn to the following spring (P < 0.05). Laboratory experiments showed the importance of N content and more palatability of low C:N ratio radish for growth rate of juvenile Aporrectodea longa and cocoon production by Aporrectodea caliginosa. These two earthworm species showed a different preference in choice chamber experiments between roots and shoots. Radish was consumed first in three out of four experiments. Field and laboratory experiments highlighted the effects of cover crops on earthworm abundance, reproduction and development. Overall, our results showed that cover crops can support earthworm development, but under field conditions, soil moisture is more important. In the short-term, this can lead to a trade-off between plant biomass production and earthworm numbers