50 research outputs found

    Remote Sensing Supported Sea Surface pCO(2) Estimation and Variable Analysis in the Baltic Sea

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    Marginal seas are a dynamic and still to large extent uncertain component of the global carbon cycle. The large temporal and spatial variations of sea-surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) in these areas are driven by multiple complex mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the variable importance for the sea surface pCO(2) estimation in the Baltic Sea and derived monthly pCO(2) maps for the marginal sea during the period of July 2002-October 2011. We used variables obtained from remote sensing images and numerical models. The random forest algorithm was employed to construct regression models for pCO(2) estimation and produce the importance of different input variables. The study found that photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) was the most important variable for the pCO(2) estimation across the entire Baltic Sea, followed by sea surface temperature (SST), absorption of colored dissolved organic matter (a(CDOM)), and mixed layer depth (MLD). Interestingly, Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) and the diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling irradiance at 490 nm (Kd_490nm) showed relatively low importance for the pCO(2) estimation. This was mainly attributed to the high correlation of Chl-a and Kd_490nm to other pCO(2)-relevant variables (e.g., a(CDOM)), particularly in the summer months. In addition, the variables' importance for pCO(2) estimation varied between seasons and sub-basins. For example, the importance of a(CDOM) were large in the Gulf of Finland but marginal in other sub-basins. The model for pCO(2) estimate in the entire Baltic Sea explained 63% of the variation and had a root of mean squared error (RMSE) of 47.8 mu atm. The pCO(2) maps derived with this model displayed realistic seasonal variations and spatial features of sea surface pCO(2) in the Baltic Sea. The spatially and seasonally varying variables' importance for the pCO(2) estimation shed light on the heterogeneities in the biogeochemical and physical processes driving the carbon cycling in the Baltic Sea and can serve as an important basis for future pCO(2) estimation in marginal seas using remote sensing techniques. The pCO(2) maps derived in this study provided a robust benchmark for understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of CO2 air-sea exchange in the Baltic Sea

    An intervention with dance and yoga for girls with functional abdominal pain disorders (Just in TIME): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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    ©Anna Philipson, Stefan SÀrnblad, Lars Ekstav, Mats Eriksson, Ulrika L Fagerberg, Margareta Möller, Evalotte Mörelius, Anna Duberg. Background: Functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) affect many children worldwide, predominantly girls, and cause considerable long-term negative consequences for individuals and society. Evidence-based and cost-effective treatments are therefore strongly needed. Physical activity has shown promising effects in the practical management of FAPDs. Dance and yoga are both popular activities that have been shown to provide significant psychological and pain-related benefits with minimal risk. The activities complement each other, in that dance involves dynamic, rhythmic physical activity, while yoga enhances relaxation and focus. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of a dance and yoga intervention among girls aged 9 to 13 years with FAPDs. Methods: The study is a prospective randomized controlled trial among girls aged 9 to 13 years with functional abdominal pain, irritable bowel syndrome, or both. The target sample size was 150 girls randomized into 2 arms: an intervention arm that receives dance and yoga sessions twice weekly for 8 months and a control arm that receives standard care. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12, and 24 months, and long-term follow-up will be conducted 5 years from baseline. Questionnaires, interviews, and biomarker measures, such as cortisol in saliva and fecal microbiota, will be used. The primary outcome is the proportion of girls in each group with reduced pain, as measured by the faces pain scale-revised in a pain diary, immediately after the intervention. Secondary outcomes are gastrointestinal symptoms, general health, mental health, stress, and physical activity. The study also includes qualitative evaluations and health economic analyses. This study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (No. 2016/082 1-2). Results: Data collection began in October 2016. The intervention has been performed in 3 periods from 2016 through 2019. The final 5-year follow-up is anticipated to be completed by fall 2023. Conclusions: Cost-effective and easily accessible interventions are warranted to reduce the negative consequences arising from FAPDs in young girls. Physical activity is an effective strategy, but intervention studies are needed to better understand what types of activities facilitate regular participation in this target group. The Just in TIME (Try, Identify, Move, and Enjoy) study will provide insights regarding the effectiveness of dance and yoga and is anticipated to contribute to the challenging work of reducing the burden of FAPDs for young girls

    Banners pÄ bloggar-en studie om hur bloggens trovÀrdighet kan smitta av sig pÄ en banner placerad dÀrpÄ

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    Uppsatsen avser att utreda relationen mellan en blogg och en banner placerad dÀrpÄ, samt söka efter ett eventuellt samspel dÀr trovÀrdigheten i en blogg smittar av sig pÄ bannern. I diskussionen kommer det Àven att utvecklas ett resonemang kring vad som krÀvs för att en blogg ska vara trovÀrdig. Faktorer som avgör bloggens trovÀrdighet har faststÀllts vara psykosociala faktorer, personligheten i bloggen, sakkunskap, grad av kommersialism samt bloggen som varumÀrke. En relation mellan blogg och banner finns, och en förutsÀttning för att bannern ska bli framgÄngsrik Àr att det finns ett sammanhang mellan blogg och banner. En trovÀrdig blogg har större inverkan pÄ en banner som gör reklam för produkter inom samma Àmneskategori som bloggen. En bloggs trovÀrdighet kan sÀgas pÄverka trovÀrdigheten i en banner, dock försvagas detta samband till följd av en utbedd reklamtrötthet hos konsumenten

    Invasive Group B Streptococcal Infections in Finland: A Population-based Study

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    We analyzed surveillance data on group B streptococcus (GBS) infection in Finland from 1995 to 2000 and reviewed neonatal cases of early-onset GBS infection in selected hospitals in 1999 to 2000. From 1995 to 2000, 853 cases were reported (annual incidence 2.2–3.0/100,000 population). We found 32–38 neonatal cases of early-onset GBS disease per year (annual incidence 0.6–0.7/1,000 live births). In five hospitals, 35% of 26 neonatal cases of early-onset GBS infection had at least one risk factor: prolonged rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, or intrapartum fever. Five of eight mothers screened for GBS were colonized. In one case, disease developed despite intrapartum chemoprophylaxis. Although the incidence of early-onset GBS disease in Finland is relatively low, some geographic variation exists, and current prevention practices are suboptimal. Establishing national guidelines to prevent perinatal GBS is likely to reduce the incidence of the disease

    Precision gestational diabetes treatment: a systematic review and meta-analyses

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    Genotype-stratified treatment for monogenic insulin resistance: a systematic review

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    Health economic aspects of emotional problems and pain symptoms in childhood and adolescence : Long-term outcomes, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of interventions

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    Emotional problems and pain symptoms among children and adolescents are a global public health challenge that imposes a great burden on the individuals affected and on society. Because resources are limited, allocation and prioritization are needed. Health economic analysis can constitute a foundation for such decisions. The overall aim of this thesis is to estimate long-term outcomes associated with adolescent depression and to evaluate interventions for emotional problems and pain symptoms in childhood and adolescence from a health economic perspective. The thesis is based on four papers: paper I is a longitudinal cohort study of 539 participants, showing that adolescent depression is associated with reduced earnings in adulthood, papers II, III, and IV are based on two randomized controlled trials of interventions. In paper II, a dance intervention for 112 adolescent females with internalizing symptoms were evaluated. A cost–utility analysis was performed, indicating that the intervention was costeffective given a willingness-to-pay threshold of USD 50,000 with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of USD 3830/quality-adjusted life year. Papers III and IV evaluated a dance and yoga intervention for 121 girls, 9–13 years old, with functional abdominal pain disorders. Paper III showed that the intervention group decreased their abdominal pain more than did the control group. In paper IV, the cost–utility analysis of the trial indicated a negative incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, investigated from a societal perspective, over both one and ten years. In conclusion, this thesis identifies a need for preventive as well as treatment interventions for emotional problems in adolescence, to decrease the prevalence of emotional problems and mitigate negative outcomes. Dance or dance and yoga combined can be effective and cost-effective early treatment interventions for emotional problems and pain symptoms among females in childhood and adolescence. These findings may assist decision-makers in resource allocation within this are

    Health economic aspects of emotional problems and pain symptoms in childhood and adolescence : Long-term outcomes, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of interventions

    No full text
    Emotional problems and pain symptoms among children and adolescents are a global public health challenge that imposes a great burden on the individuals affected and on society. Because resources are limited, allocation and prioritization are needed. Health economic analysis can constitute a foundation for such decisions. The overall aim of this thesis is to estimate long-term outcomes associated with adolescent depression and to evaluate interventions for emotional problems and pain symptoms in childhood and adolescence from a health economic perspective. The thesis is based on four papers: paper I is a longitudinal cohort study of 539 participants, showing that adolescent depression is associated with reduced earnings in adulthood, papers II, III, and IV are based on two randomized controlled trials of interventions. In paper II, a dance intervention for 112 adolescent females with internalizing symptoms were evaluated. A cost–utility analysis was performed, indicating that the intervention was costeffective given a willingness-to-pay threshold of USD 50,000 with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of USD 3830/quality-adjusted life year. Papers III and IV evaluated a dance and yoga intervention for 121 girls, 9–13 years old, with functional abdominal pain disorders. Paper III showed that the intervention group decreased their abdominal pain more than did the control group. In paper IV, the cost–utility analysis of the trial indicated a negative incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, investigated from a societal perspective, over both one and ten years. In conclusion, this thesis identifies a need for preventive as well as treatment interventions for emotional problems in adolescence, to decrease the prevalence of emotional problems and mitigate negative outcomes. Dance or dance and yoga combined can be effective and cost-effective early treatment interventions for emotional problems and pain symptoms among females in childhood and adolescence. These findings may assist decision-makers in resource allocation within this are

    Customer loyalty, meeting conscious and subconscious needs

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    Denna uppsats behandlar Onsjö golfklubb och dess medlemmar. Under de senaste Ären har mÄnga medlemmar valt att lÀmna klubben. Vi har valt att titta pÄ varför medlemmarna vÀljer att lÀmna klubben, vad klubben kan göra för att tillfredstÀlla sina medlemmar bÀttre och dÀrmed skapa lojalitet. För att kunna ta reda pÄ dessa olika frÄgor valde vi att göra bÄde en kvalitativ- och en kvantitativ undersökning. Den kvalitativa ansatsen genomfördes genom telefonintervjuer med före detta medlemmar. De befintliga medlemmarna undersöktes kvantitativt med hjÀlp av en enkÀt. EnkÀten utformades efter intervjuer med 10 stycken golfspelare som inte har nÄgon anknytning till Onsjö golfklubb. Den information som vi fick fram genom intervjuerna och enkÀterna analyserade vi med hjÀlp av teorier inom Àmnet. De teorier som vi valt att anvÀnda oss av Àr kundtillfredsstÀllelse, engagemang, kundlojalitet, kundens toleranszon och kundens bytesbeteende. VÄr undersökning visade att medlemmarna Àr nöjda med de attribut som de identifierar som viktiga till exempel banans skick, geografisk placering och banans utformning. Medlemmarna har inte uppgett att atmosfÀren i klubben Àr speciellt viktigt men vÄr undersökning har visat att golf Àr en social sport och det sociala umgÀnget i klubben Àr viktigare Àn vad medlemmarna sjÀlva förstÄr. AtmosfÀren har av ungefÀr hÀlften av medlemmarna fÄtt underbetyg. Klubben verkar vara kraftigt splittrad mellan de gamla, engagerade medlemmarna och de nya som Àr dÀr frÀmst för att spela golf. Detta har pÄverkat lojaliteten mycket negativt
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