A Data Oriented Approach for Real-Time Systems

International audienceDistributed real-time systems often have to maintain the temporal validity of data. In this paper we present a modelling framework centered on data where a so-called observation relation represents and abstracts the interactions between variables. An observation is a relation between variables, an image and its sources, where the image values depend on past values of the sources. The system architecture is seen as a set of observation relations describing the flow of values between variables. The observation relations are parametrized with timed constraints that limit the time shift between the variables and specify the availability of timely sound values. At this level of abstraction, the designer gives a specification of the system based on timed properties about the timeline of data such as their freshness, latency etc. We proceed to an analysis of the feasibility of such a specification and we formally analyze the correctness of an implementation with respect to a specification. In order to prove the feasibility of an observationbased model, we build a finite state transition system which is bi-similar to the specification. The existence of an infinite execution in this system proves the feasibility of the specification. Possible implementations are described as a set of interacting components which control the flow of values in the system. A finite system is built to prove the correctness of the implementation by model checkin

Analyse économique des enjeux exposés aux risques côtiers : application au bâti résidentiel de Bretagne

International audienceABSTRACT. In the French public policies implemented to prevent and manage coastal hazards, the description of hazards is dominant, reflecting mainly a technical or engineering understanding of the risk. Yet the concept of risk includes "human value, economic or environmental elements exposed to the hazard" that is to say "what may be lost". Without issues, there is no risk: it is therefore a central element of the vulnerability of territories to be considered in risk prevention and management. In this context, this contribution aims to present a method for the economic appraisal of properties values. It is focused on defining the issues to consider, identify the data sources that describe them, in order to assess their economic value, and map them.Dans les politiques publiques mises en place en France pour prévenir et gérer les risques côtiers, la prise en compte de l'aléa apparaît très prégnante, reflétant une conception « d'ingénierie » du risque. Pourtant, les enjeux représentent la « valeur humaine, économique ou environnementale des éléments exposés à l'aléa » soit, plus prosaïquement « ce que l'on risque de perdre ». Sans enjeux, il n'y a donc pas de risque : il s'agit par conséquent d'un élément central de la vulnérabilité des territoires à considérer dans la mise en oeuvre dans la prévention et la gestion des risques. Dans ce contexte, cette contribution a pour objectif de présenter une méthode d'évaluation des biens immobiliers. Elle s'attache à définir les enjeux à considérer, à identifier les sources de données permettant de les caractériser, afin d'en évaluer la valeur économique et de les cartographier

The state of OAI-PMH repositories in Canadian Universities

This article presents a study of the current state of Universities Institutional Repositories (UIRs) in Canada. UIRs are vital to sharing information and documents, mainly Electronic Thesis and Dissertation (ETDs), and theoretically allow anyone, anywhere, to access the documents contained within the repository. Despite calls for consistent and shareable metadata in these repositories, our literature review shows inconsistencies in UIRs, including incorrect use of metadata fields and the omission of crucial information, rendering the systematic analysis of UIR complex. Nonetheless, we collected the data of 57 Canadian UIRs with the aim of analyzing Canadian data and to assess the quality of its UIRs. This was surprisingly difficult due to the lack of information about the UIRs, and we attempt to ease future collection efforts by organizing vital information which are difficult to find, starting from addresses of UIRs. We furthermore present and analyze the main characteristics of the UIRs we managed to collect, using this dataset to create recommendations for future practitioners.Comment: Published at DCMI -- International conference on dublin core and metadata applications, 202

Characterization of the Mechanical Properties of the Human Aortic Arch Using an Expansion Method

Analyzing cardiovascular diseases leads to multidisciplinary problems which require transversal and complementary approaches. This study focuses on the identification of the mechanical properties of the aortic arch. Stereo-correlation technique is used to measure the strain field in the aortic arch during its expansion. The aorta is immersed in water which allows better results in terms of measurement method and to take into account the residual stress and strain effects. Results are obtained at different values of expansion: 9 samples are collected, 7 of them are frozen before the experiment and 2 are fresh. The mean age is 76 years old at the volunteers? time of death. 4 samples did not lead to conclusive results because of the quality of the arterial wall and leaks that happened during the experiment preventing a proper expansion. The horizontal and vertical displacements are relatively homogeneous for all the samples: two preferred radial and longitudinal directions are observed. The strain fields associated with these directions show heterogeneities and have significant differences between fresh and frozen specimen. The final objective is to perform virtual surgical simulation of the whole endovascular stent graft procedure for an aortic aneurysm. This procedure has a high rate of short-term success and its indication compared to open surgery is increasing but it needs to be more reliable and secure. In this context, it is important to identify the mechanical properties of the aorta for further numerical simulations

A strategy for monitoring systemic vulnerability to marine erosion and flooding

Littoralisation, or the concentration of people and activities in coastal areas, associated with the intrinsic mobility of coasts and with the context of climate change, tends to increase the vulnerability of coastal areas. This article presents a new interdisciplinary approach towards the concept of vulnerability that makes it possible to move beyond the nature/society dichotomy, and an inter-sectorial researcher-manager method for the development of a series of monitoring indicators for the four components of systemic vulnerability: hazards, stakes, management and representations. These indicators are precursors of an integrated observatory that will act as a source of data for research and inform public policy for coastal areas.Le phénomène de littoralisation du peuplement et des activités, associé à la mobilité intrinsèque des côtes et au contexte de changement climatique, tend à accroître la vulnérabilité des territoires côtiers. Cet article propose, d’une part, une approche interdisciplinaire renouvelée du concept de vulnérabilité permettant de dépasser la dichotomie nature/société. D’autre part, il présente une méthode intersectorielle chercheurs-gestionnaires de construction d’une série d’indicateurs de suivi des quatre composantes de la vulnérabilité systémique (aléa, enjeux, gestion et représentations). Ces indicateurs préfigurent un observatoire intégré, à la fois source de données pour la recherche, et au service des politiques publiques pour les territoires côtiers

Predictors of hospital discharge and mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: updated results from the nationwide CORONADO study

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This is an update of the results from the previous report of the CORONADO (Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Outcomes) study, which aims to describe the outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalised for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: The CORONADO initiative is a French nationwide multicentre study of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 with a 28-day follow-up. The patients were screened after hospital admission from 10 March to 10 April 2020. We mainly focused on hospital discharge and death within 28 days. RESULTS: We included 2796 participants: 63.7% men, mean age 69.7 ± 13.2 years, median BMI (25th-75th percentile) 28.4 (25.0-32.4) kg/m(2). Microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications were found in 44.2% and 38.6% of participants, respectively. Within 28 days, 1404 (50.2%; 95% CI 48.3%, 52.1%) were discharged from hospital with a median duration of hospital stay of 9 (5-14) days, while 577 participants died (20.6%; 95% CI 19.2%, 22.2%). In multivariable models, younger age, routine metformin therapy and longer symptom duration on admission were positively associated with discharge. History of microvascular complications, anticoagulant routine therapy, dyspnoea on admission, and higher aspartate aminotransferase, white cell count and C-reactive protein levels were associated with a reduced chance of discharge. Factors associated with death within 28 days mirrored those associated with discharge, and also included routine treatment by insulin and statin as deleterious factors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19, we established prognostic factors for hospital discharge and death that could help clinicians in this pandemic period. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04324736

Recent advances in the methanol carbonylation reaction into acetic acid

International audienceAlthough the high efficiency of the homogeneous processes, using rhodium or iridium complexes, was clearly demonstrated industrially, heterogeneous catalysts offer the advantages of facile product separation and vapor phase operation, which often limit catalyst losses. Both noble and non-noble metal homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyzed carbonylation of methanol have been studied for many years. In this short chapter, we intend to analyze the recent evolutions of the most promising catalytic systems for this important reaction of catalysis. A presentation by metals was chosen, always referring to the origins of the first catalytic systems

Grotesque et spatialité dans les arts du spectacle et de l'image en Europe (XVIe-XXIe siècles)

International audienceThis volume offers an overview of the links between drama and the grotesque in Europe, from Great Britain and Poland to France, Germany, and Norway. It focuses on premodern and modern drama but also on contemporary and postmodern performances. Beyond text analysis the contributions in this publication give great importance to stage production and theatrical paratexts (frontispieces, illustrations, stage directions, etc.). They reveal the variety of grotesque forms while stressing that there is unity in this diversity. Analysts of the grotesque have emphasized its ambivalence - as a form oscillating between laughter and fright, violence and fun, too much and too little. It is revisited here in the light of contemporary theories of space - verticality and depth, margins and borders - particularly those of bodily and theatrical space. The grotesque is seen as an aesthetic and heuristic category, as an antimimetic mode of textual/theatrical/choreographic/photographic expression and as a way to deal with reality.Le présent ouvrage esquisse un vaste panorama de la dramaturgie grotesque européenne, de l'Angleterre à la Pologne, en passant par la France, l'Allemagne et la Norvège, de l'époque préclassique aux créations postmodernes, en passant par le théâtre moderne et contemporain. Au-delà de l'examen des œuvres, les études réunies ici accordent une large place à la production scénique et au paratexte théâtral (frontispice et illustrations, didascalies...). Elles démontrent la variété des formes que peut prendre le grotesque et en même temps l'unité qui existe au sein de cette diversité. Le grotesque, dont les analystes ont souligné la polysémie, l'oscillation entre le rire et l'effroi, la violence et le dérisoire, le trop-plein et le trop-peu, est revisité à la lumière des théories contemporaines de l'espace - verticalité et profondeur, marges et frontières - et plus particulièrement de l'espace corporel et de l'espace théâtral. Le grotesque apparaît comme une catégorie à la fois esthétique et heuristique, un procédé d'écriture (textuelle, scénique, chorégraphique, photographique) antimimétique et une manière d'appréhender la réalité

Spécification formelle de systèmes temps réel répartis par une approche flots de données à contraintes temporelles

Une définition des systèmes temps réel est que leur correction dépend de la correction fonctionnelle mais aussi du temps d'exécution des différentes opérations. Les propriétés temps réels sont alors exprimées comme des contraintes temporelles sur les opérations du système. Nous proposons dans cette thèse un autre point de vue où la correction est définie relativement à la validité temporelle des valeurs prises par les variables du système et aux flots de données qui parcourent le système. Pour définir ces conditions de validité, nous nous intéressons au rythme de mise à jour des variables mais aussi aux liens entre les valeurs des différentes variables du système. Une relation dite d'observation est utilisée pour modéliser les communications et les calculs du système qui définissent les liens entre les variables. Un ensemble de relations d'observation modélise l'architecture et les flots de données du système en décrivant les chemins de propagation des valeurs dans le système. Les propriétés temps réels sont alors exprimées comme des contraintes sur ces chemins de propagation permettant d'assurer la validité temporelle des valeurs prises par les variables. La validité temporelle d'une valeur est définie selon la validité temporelle des valeurs des autres variables dont elle dépend et selon le décalage temporel logique ou événementiel introduit par les communications ou les calculs le long des chemins de propagation. Afin de prouver la satisfiabilité d'une spécification définie par une telle architecture et de telles propriétés, nous construisons un système de transitions à état fini bisimilaire à la spécification. L'existence de ce système fini est justifiée par des bornes sur le décalage temporel entre les variables du système. Il est alors possible d'explorer les exécutions définies par ce système de transitions afin de prouver l'existence d'exécutions infinies satisfaisant la spécification.Real time systems are usually defined as systems where the total correctness of an operation depends not only on its logical correctness, but also on the execution time. Under this definition, time constraints are defined according to system operations. Another definition of real time systems is centered on data where the correctness of a system depends on the timed correctness of its data and of the data flows across the system. i.e. we expect the values taken by the variable to be regularly renewed and to be consistent with the environment and the other variables. I propose a modeling framework based on this later definition. This approach allows users to focus on specifying time constraints attached to data and to postpone task and communication scheduling matters. The timed requirements are not expressed as constraints on the implantation mechanism, but on the relations binding the system s variables. These relations between data are expressed in terms of a so called observation relation which abstracts the relation between the values that are taken by some variables, the set of sources and the image. This relation abstracts the communication as well as the computational operations and a set of observation relations models the system architecture and the data flows by defining the paths along which values of sources are propagated to build the values of an image. The real time properties are expressed as constraints on the propagation paths and state the temporal validity of the values. This temporal validity is defined by the time shift between the source and the image, and specifies the propagation of timely sound values along the path to build temporally correct values of the system outputs. At this level of abstraction, the designer gives a specification of the system based on timed properties about the timeline of data such as their freshness, stability, latency etc. In order to prove the feasibility of an observation-based model, a finite state transition system bi-similar with the specification is built. The existence of a finite bi-similar system is deduced from the bounded time shift between the variables. The existence of an infinite execution in this system proves the feasibility of the specification.TOULOUSE-INP (315552154) / SudocSudocFranceF