RoSe (un framework pour la conception et l'exécution d'applications distribuées dynamiques et hétérogènes)

L'adaptation est aujourd'hui devenue un enjeu majeur en Génie Logiciel. Les ingénieurs sont en effet régulièrement confrontés à des demandes d'évolution qui peuvent prendre de nombreuses formes : mises à jour, nouvelles versions, besoins en nouvelles fonctionnalités, etc. Cette tendance est accrue par l'émergence de nouveaux domaines tels que l'informatique ubiquitaire ou le cloud computing qui exigent des changements dynamiques dans des environnements en constante évolution. Ainsi, dans ces domaines, les ressources sont souvent élastiques, volatiles et hétérogènes. Cette thèse s'intéresse en particulier à la conception et à l'exécution d'applications distribuées composées d'entités hétérogènes et qui nécessitent d'être adaptées durant l'exécution. Notre approche s'appuie sur les modèles à composant orientés service et sur les styles d'architectures SOA et REST. Nous proposons un framework, nommé RoSe, qui permet l'import de ressources distantes dans un framework à composant orienté service et l'export de service locaux. RoSe permet aux développeurs et aux administrateurs de gérer la distribution des applications de manière totalement indépendante et dynamique grâce à un langage de configuration et d'une API dite fluent. Le framework lui-même est modulaire et flexible et supporte l'ajout et le retrait de composants durant l'exécution. L'implantation de RoSe est hébergée au sein du projet OW2 Chameleon et est aujourd'hui utilisée dans plusieurs projets industriels et académiques.Adaptation has now become a major challenge in Software Engineering. Engineers are indeed regularly confronted with requests for changes that can take many forms: updates, new versions, new features need etc. This trend is enhanced by the emergence of new areas such as ubiquitous computing or cloud computing that require dynamic changes in rapidly constantly evolving environments. For instance, in these areas, resources are often elastic, volatile and heterogeneous. %This thesis focuses especially in the design and execution of distributed applications composed of heterogeneous entities which need to be adapted at runtime. Our approach is based on service-oriented component models and on the SOA and REST architectural styles. We propose a framework, named RoSe, which enables the import of remote resources in a service-oriented component framework and the export of local services. RoSe allows developers and administrators to manage the distribution of their application in a totally independent and dynamic way thanks to a configuration language and a fluent API. The framework itself is modular, flexible and supports the addition and removal of components during execution. The implementation of RoSe is hosted by OW2 in the Chameleon project and is now used in several industrial and academic projects.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Rheumatoid arthritis seropositive for the rheumatoid factor is linked to the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22-620W allele

The protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene encodes for lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase LYP, involved in the negative regulation of early T-cell activation. An association has recently been reported between the PTPN22-620W functional allele and rheumatoid factor-positive (RF(+)) rheumatoid arthritis (RA), among other autoimmune diseases. Expected linkage proof for consistency cannot be definitely produced by an affected sib-pair (ASP) analysis. Our aim was therefore to search for linkage evidence with the transmission disequilibrium test. DNA from the French Caucasian population was available for two samples of 100 families with one RA patient and both parents, and for 88 RA index cases from RA ASP families. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The analysis was performed using the transmission disequilibrium test, genotype relative risk and ASP-based analysis. The transmission disequilibrium test of the PTPN22-620W allele revealed linkage and association for RF(+ )RA (61% of transmission, P = 0.037). The genotype relative risk showed the risk allele in 34% of RF(+ )RA patients and in 24% of controls derived from nontransmitted parental chromosomes (P = 0.047, odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval = 1.03–2.78). The ASP investigation showed no enriched risk allele in RA multiplex families, resulting in a lack of power of ASP analysis, explaining the published negative results. This study is the first to show linkage of PTPN22 to RF(+ )RA, consistent with PTPN22 as a new RA gene

Structure and stability of two polymorphs of creatine and its monohydrate

An experimental search for crystalline forms of creatine including a variable temperature X-ray powder diffraction study has produced three polymorphs and a formic acid solvate. The crystal structures of creatine forms I and II were determined from X-ray powder diffraction data plus the creatine formic acid (1 : 1) solvate structure was obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Evidence of a third polymorphic form of creatine obtained by rapid desolvation of creatine monohydrate is also presented. The results highlight the role of automated parallel crystallisation, slurry experiments and VT-XRPD as powerful techniques for effective physical form screening. They also highlight the importance of various complementary analytical techniques in structural characterisation and in achieving better understanding of the relationship between various solid-state forms. The structural relationships between various solid-state forms of creatine using the XPac method provided a rationale for the different relative stabilities of forms I and II of creatine with respect to the monohydrate form

Near-threshold boson pair production in the model of smeared-mass unstable particles

Near-threshold production of boson pairs is considered within the framework of the model of unstable particles with smeared mass. We describe the principal aspects of the model and consider the strategy of calculations including the radiative corrections. The results of calculations are in good agreement with LEP II data and Monte-Carlo simulations. Suggested approach significantly simplifies calculations with respect to the standard perturbative one.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, minor corrections, references adde

Guanabenz inhibits TLR9 signaling through a pathway that is independent of eIF2α dephosphorylation by the GADD34/PP1c complex

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggers or amplifies inflammatory signals and cytokine production in immune cells. Upon the resolution of ER stress, the inducible phosphatase 1 cofactor GADD34 promotes the dephosphorylation of the initiation factor eIF2α, thereby enabling protein translation to resume. Several aminoguanidine compounds, such as guanabenz, perturb the eIF2α phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle and protect different cell or tissue types from protein misfolding and degeneration. We investigated how pharmacological interference with the eIF2α pathway could be beneficial to treat autoinflammatory diseases dependent on proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs), the production of which is regulated by GADD34 in dendritic cells (DCs). In mouse and human DCs and B cells, guanabenz prevented the activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides or DNA-immunoglobulin complexes in endosomes. In vivo, guanabenz protected mice from CpG oligonucleotide-dependent cytokine shock and decreased autoimmune symptom severity in a chemically induced model of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, we found that guanabenz exerted its inhibitory effect independently of GADD34 activity on eIF2α and instead decreased the abundance of CH25H, a cholesterol hydroxylase linked to antiviral immunity. Our results therefore suggest that guanabenz and similar compounds could be used to treat type I IFN-dependent pathologies and that CH25H could be a therapeutic target to control these diseases.publishe

Increased serum levels of fractalkine and mobilisation of CD34+CD45− endothelial progenitor cells in systemic sclerosis

International audienceBackground: The disruption of endothelial homeostasis is a major determinant in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and is reflected by soluble and cellular markers of activation, injury and repair. We aimed to provide a combined assessment of endothelial markers to delineate specific profiles associated with SSc disease and its severity

Speciation of heptavalent technetium in sulfuric acid: structural and spectroscopic studies

The speciation of Tc(VII) in 12 M sulfuric acid was studied by NMR, UV-visible and XAFS spectroscopy, experimental results were supported by DFT calculation and were in agreement with the formation of TcO{sub 3}OH(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}. In summary, the speciation of heptvalent technetium has been investigated in sulfuric acid. In 12 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4}, a yellow solution is observed, and its {sup 99}Tc NMR spectrum is consistent with a heptavalent complex. The yellow solution was further characterized by EXAFS spectroscopy, and results are consistent with the formation of TcO{sub 3}(OH)(H{sub 2}O){sub 2}. No technetium heptoxide or sulfato- complexes were detected in these conditions. The molecular structure of TcO{sub 3}(OH)(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} has been optimized by DFT techniques, and the structural parameters are well in accordance with those found by XAFS spectroscopy. The experimental electronic spectra exhibit ligand-to-metal charge transfer transitions that have been assigned using TDDFT methods. Calculations demonstrate the theoretical electronic spectrum of TcO{sub 3}(OH)(H{sub 2}O){sub 2} to be in very good agreement with the experimental one. Recent experiments in 12 M H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} show the yellow solution to be very reactive in presence of reducing agents presumably forming low valent Tc species. Current spectroscopic works focus on the speciation of these species

Probing nonstandard bosonic interactions via W-boson pair production at lepton colliders

The process e+e- --> W+W- provides a valuable laboratory to test the Standard Model (SM) and to search for new physics. The most general helicity amplitudes for this process require the introduction of nine form-factors which we calculate in the context of SU(2) X U(1) gauge-invariant extensions of the SM. The contributions of new physics are parametrized via an effective Lagrangian constructed from the light fields. Because the mechanism of electroweak symmetry-breaking remains an open problem we consider both the effective Lagrangian with a linearly realized Higgs sector, i.e. with a light physical Higgs boson, and the effective Lagrangian which utilizes a nonlinear realization of the Higgs mechanism. The use of an effective Lagrangian allows one to calculate consistently nonstandard contributions to e+e- --> W+W- amplitudes as well as the nonstandard contributions to other processes. We study the interplay of the low-energy and Z-pole measurements with measurements via the processes e+e- --> fermion pairs and e+e- --> W+W- at LEP II or a future linear e+e- collider. Concrete relationships between operators of the linear and nonlinear realizations are presented where possible.Comment: \documentstyle[aps,floats,psfig,subeqn,rotate,eqsecnum]{revtex} postscript version also available from ftp://ftp.kek.jp/kek/preprints/TH/TH-49

Expanding the Paradigms of Plant Pathogen Life History and Evolution of Parasitic Fitness beyond Agricultural Boundaries

International audienc