18 research outputs found

    Considerations about the dispensed medicines by SUS in the city of Garruchos - RS

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    No Rio Grande do Sul, o consumo de antimicrobianos tem características sazonais, sendo que no inverno a sua utilização compromete parte significativa do investimento municipal. O estudo da dispensação de antimicrobianos fornece elementos para a qualificação da política de assistência farmacêutica municipal e para a gestão desses insumos estratégicos. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa avalia as características de dispensação de antimicrobianos pelo SUS do município de Garruchos - RS. Os dados foram obtidos através do levantamento das prescrições (segundas vias) recebidas na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde no mês de junho de 2004. Foram realizados 1.546 atendimentos, sendo aviadas 572 prescrições contendo antimicrobianos, significando 51% das novas prescrições ou 37% do total de atendimentos. Estudos mundiais estimam em 12% o uso ambulatorial de antimicrobianos, o que aponta para um consumo significativo desses medicamentos em Garruchos. Destaca-se a associação de diversas classes de antimicrobianos com metronidazol, o que pressupõe o tratamento de duas infecções concomitantes. Além dessas associações, 85% destas receitas apresentavam outros medicamentos, principalmente analgésicos e antiinflamatórios. Os benefícios desse uso concomitante são questionáveis de acordo com a literatura. Assim, esta pesquisa evidencia a necessidade de ações de promoção do uso racional de medicamentos junto ao sistema de saúde.In Rio Grande do Sul, the antimicrobials consumption has seasoning characteristics, and in the winter the utilization demands a significant part of the municipal investment. The dispensation study of antimicrobials gives elements to qualification of the municipal pharmaceutical assistance and to the management of these medicines. In this context, the present paper evaluates the dispensation characteristics of the antimicrobians by SUS in the city of Garruchos, RS. The data were obtained through prescription survey received by the Municipal Health Secretary during June of 2004. It was attended 1,546 prescriptions, which 572 contained antimicrobials, representing 51% of new prescriptions or 37% of the total of attended patients. World studies estimate in 12% the ambulatorial use of antimicrobials, which directs to a significant consumption of these medicines in Garruchos. It is detached the association of several antimicrobials classes with metronidazole, which presupposes the treatment of two infections at the same time. Besides these associations, 85% of the prescriptions present other medicines, mainly analgesics and anti-inflammatories. The benefits of the concomitant use are questionable according to the literature. Hence, this paper evidences the necessity of promoting the rational use of medicines in the health system

    Total flavonoid content determination in aereal parts of Passiflora alata Dryander (maracuja)

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    O presente trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento e validação do método espectrofotométrico de doseamento de flavonóides totais, presentes em partes aéreas de Passiflora alata. O material vegetal foi extraído sob refluxo, durante 30 minutos, utilizando etanol a 40 % (V/V), sem hidrólise prévia dos glicosídeos flavonoídicos e sem uso de outros solventes orgânicos. A interferência de substâncias lipofílicas no comprimento de leitura foi avaliado por remoção destas mediante extração em fase sólida, utilizando soluções extrativas obtidas com etanol a 20, 40 e 80 % (V/V). Os flavonóides foram complexados com cloreto de alumínio e a absorção lida, 30 minutos após, a 397 nm, utilizando amostra não complexada como branco. O teor de flavonóides foi expresso em gramas de apigenina por 100 g de droga vegetal seca. Os testes de reprodutibilidade, realizados com amostras diferentes e considerando análises realizadas em dias diferentes, foram satisfatórios. O teste de recuperação indicou, porém, que o teor de flavonóides calculado é dependente da proporção droga:solvente, utilizada na fase de preparação da solução extrativa. Para efeitos comparativos, a confiabilidade dos resultados fica restrita ao estabelecimento de condições experimentais precisas. O teor de flavonóides calculado para P. alata (0,55 g%) foi comparativamente menor ao calculado para P. incamata (0,94 g%) e P. edulis (0,90 g %), sob as mesmas condições experimentais. A análise comparativa utilizando o comprimento de onda de 425 nm, preconizado por diversas farmacopéias, revelou falta de especificidade e a presença de erros analíticos evidentes.This work aims the development and validation of an assay for the total flavonoid content determination, in aerial parts of Passiflora alata. The drug was extracted by refluxusing ethanol 40%(V/V), without previous acid hydrolysisnor other organic solvents. The interference effect due to lipophilic substances was determined by solid phase extraction using 20, 40 and 80%(V/V) hydroalcoolic mixtures. The flavonoids were complexed with aluminum chloride reagent and the absorption was determined at 397 nm, 30 min after the aluminum chloride addition. The total flavonoid content was expressed as apigenin (g %) related to 100 g of dried drug. The reproducibility tests led to satisfactory results when different samples and analysis daytimes were considered. The recovery assay, however, showed that different extraction drug:solventratios brought about unlike flavonoid contents. Consequently, for comparative purposes the results confidence is attached to well defined experimental parameters. Under the same analytical conditions, P. alata showed smaller flavonoid content (0.55 g %) than P. incamata (0.94 g %) and P. edulis (0.90 g %). On the other hand, a comparative study carried out using the 425 nm wavelength, as recommended by several pharmacopoeias, indicated lack of specificity and analytical errors occurrence

    Mucopolysaccharidosis I, II, and VI: Brief review and guidelines for treatment

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    Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic diseases caused by the deficiency of one of the lysosomal enzymes involved in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) breakdown pathway. This metabolic block leads to the accumulation of GAG in various organs and tissues of the affected patients, resulting in a multisystemic clinical picture, sometimes including cognitive impairment. Until the beginning of the XXI century, treatment was mainly supportive. Bone marrow transplantation improved the natural course of the disease in some types of MPS, but the morbidity and mortality restricted its use to selected cases. The identification of the genes involved, the new molecular biology tools and the availability of animal models made it possible to develop specific enzyme replacement therapies (ERT) for these diseases. At present, a great number of Brazilian medical centers from all regions of the country have experience with ERT for MPS I, II, and VI, acquired not only through patient treatment but also in clinical trials. Taking the three types of MPS together, over 200 patients have been treated with ERT in our country. This document summarizes the experience of the professionals involved, along with the data available in the international literature, bringing together and harmonizing the information available on the management of these severe and progressive diseases, thus disclosing new prospects for Brazilian patients affected by these conditions
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