Congruence of intranasal aerodynamics and functional heterogeneity of olfactory epithelium

Zonal organization of the olfactory system is determined not only by peculiarities of the expression of olfactory receptor genes but also by the geometry of nasal passage, where receptors to the most muco-soluble compounds are concentrated in the area with the maximal rate of air flow (dorsal part), while receptors to less volatile compounds are concentrated in ventral part of the nose. An increase in the flow rate in certain areas of nasal cavity, on the one hand, allows acceleration of the perception of odor stimuli by olfactory receptors and, on the other hand, increases the risk of the effect of different pathogens (contained in the air) on this area due to the larger intensity of their precipitation. In this study, we demonstrated by means of manganese- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that a more intensive capture of insoluble particles occurs in ventral part of mouse olfactory epithelium than in dorsal part during intranasal introduction of the colloid solution of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MON, Mn3O4). The joint introduction of MON and specific blockers of cellular transport and endocytosis demonstrated that the particles are captured from the nasal cavity by means of endocytosis and are transported in olfactory bulb cells by means of intracellular transport. The clathrin-dependent type of endocytosis mainly contributes to the capture of MON in the dorsal part of the olfactory epithelium (as opposed to ventral). Thus, it was established that two functional regions of mouse olfactory epithelium differing in the intensities of precipitation of submicron aerosols demonstrate different intensities of the capture of insoluble particles from the nasal cavity and have differences in the mechanisms of their endocytosis. Consequently, the structural and functional organization of mouse nasal cavity completely meets the principle of adaptive congruence, which limits infectious and toxic effects of nanoaerosols on the olfactory epithelium cells and the brain

About the Genesis of Pumice Deposits in the Region of Tarbagania and Pemzovaya Mountains in Kamchatka

В работе обсуждаются результаты изучения пемзовых отложений, расположенных в промежутке между вулканами Горелый и Мутновский на Камчатке. Приведены схема распространения пемзовых покровов и результаты петрохимических и геохимических исследований пемз и кислых лав. Выявлен ряд петрогеохимических особенностей пемз, указывающих на их вероятную генетическую обособленность.This paper discusses the results of study of pumice deposits between volcanoes Gorely and Mutnovskiy on Kamchatka. A scheme of the pumice sheets is presented. The results of petrochemical and geochemical studies of pumice and acidic lavas of Mutnovsky and Gorely are discussed. A number of petrogeochemical pumice features indicating their possible genetic isolation is revealed

Gradients of Taxonomic Diversity among Local Floras in the Russian Arctic

Latitudinal and longitudinal changes in taxonomic variables were analyzed in 319 local floras in the Russian Arctic. Within the studied segment of latitudinal gradient, most changes can be described in terms of linear regression with negative coefficients (a number of species, genera and families), or positive coefficients (a proportion of the leading families and genera). However, the mean number of species in a family or genus almost does not change with increasing latitude, although it slightly increases as one moves eastward. The proportion of monocots does not correlate with latitude, but slightly decreases as one moves eastward. Proportions of various families change asynchronously. Although correlation with longitude was less pronounced, mean species richness was specific to many subprovinces, even within a certain subzone. These differences reflect both the diversity of landscapes and the history of flora formation. Keywords: the Arctic, local floras, latitudinal and longitudinal gradient, floristic subprovince

Stabilization of calibration metrological characteristics of technological inspection tools

The paper presents analysis of the results of 873 template measurements used for inspection in wagon depo. The data obtained were analyzed to confirm the stability of inspection results. It is shown that the measurement and determination of the final result by calculating the average value lead to misleading results. Random factors affecting measurements are also presented. The subjective factor in this process is supplied from the calibrator. To make measurement process more stable, we need to reduce the effect of these factors. One of the ways to improve measurement process and make it more stable is its automatization. Improving the accuracy of measurements is one of the main objectives concerning this issue

Based on Perceptron Object Classification Algorithms for Processing of Agricultural Field Images

Neural network algorithms of object classification are considered in the paper applying to disease area recognition of agricultural field images. The images are presented as reduced normalized histograms. The classification is carried out for RGB-and HSV-space by using of a multilayer perceptron

БЫСТРОЕ ПРОТОТИПИРОВАНИЕ ВСТРАИВАЕМЫХ ПРОГРАММИРУЕМЫХ СИСТЕМ НА ПЛИС ДЛЯ МУЛЬТИМЕДИЙНЫХ ПРИЛОЖЕНИЙ

This paper illustrates rapid prototyping method applied for mobile multimedia systems with L2L (lossless-to-lossy) compression scheme. Debug module Xilinx ML-401 based on the FPGA (Filed Programmable Gate Array) is taken as the basis. Microblaze soft-processor is used as the main control unit. Proposed DCT-IDCT cores are developed using VHDL hardware description language as FSL (Fast Simples Link) coprocessors for Microblaze or standalone PLB (Processor Logical Bus) acceleration peripheral. Result of image processing is displayed on the screen connected via VGA interface. Proposed recursive architecture of DCT-IDCT core can be used as a basis of L2L coder.Рассматривается процесс быстрого прототипирования мобильных мультимедийных систем трансформационного кодирования изображений по схеме L2L (lossless-to-lossy): сжатие и восстановление изображения как без потерь, так и с контролируемым внесением артефактов. За основу берется отладочный модуль Xilinx ML-401, в качестве основного управляющего ядра используется встроенный софт-процессор MicroBlaze. Процессоры дискретного косинусного преобразования (ДКП) представляются в виде модулей на языке описания аппаратуры VHDL, которые подключаются к софт-процессору MicroBlaze в виде сопроцессора, результат обработки изображений выводится через VGA-интерфейс на экран монитора. Предлагается архитектура рекурсивного процессора вычисления ДКП – обратного ДКП, которая может рассматриваться как базовая при построении кодеров класса L2L

ROLE OF PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CENTRIC BREAST CANCER RECURRENCE

The purpose of the study was to define the factors influencing the development of a recurrence depending on the volume of surgical intervention and to investigate the possibility of performing organ-saving surgery (OSS) for centric breast cancer.The study used the clinical findings of 200 patients treated at the Department of Radiosurgery, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center in 1996 to 2006. According to the volume of surgical intervention, the patients were divided into 2 groups: 1) 106 patients who had undergone radical mastectomy; 2) 94 patients who had undergone radical resection. According to our data, the disease progressed in 32 (16%) cases. There were 12 local recurrences: in 8 (7.5%) and 4 (4.2%) cases after radical mastectomy and radical resection, respec- tively. The findings suggest that OSS may be performed after carefully patient selection, with all contraindications being kept in mind

Cytokine-related genes identified from the RIKEN full-length mouse cDNA data set

To identify novel cytokine-related genes, we searched the set of 60,770 annotated RIKEN mouse cDNA clones (FANTOM2 clones), using keywords such as cytokine itself or cytokine names (such as interferon, interleukin, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and transforming growth factor). This search produced 108 known cytokines and cytokine-related products such as cytokine receptors, cytokine-associated genes, or their products (enhancers, accessory proteins, cytokine-induced genes). We found 15 clusters of FANTOM2 clones that are candidates for novel cytokine-related genes. These encoded products with strong sequence similarity to guanylate-binding protein (GBP-5), interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2 (IRAK-2), interleukin 20 receptor alpha isoform 3, a member of the interferon-inducible proteins of the Ifi 200 cluster, four members of the membrane-associated family 1-8 of interferon-inducible proteins, one p27-like protein, and a hypothetical protein containing a Toll/Interleukin receptor domain. All four clones representing novel candidates of gene products from the family contain a novel highly conserved cross-species domain. Clones similar to growth factor-related products included transforming growth factor beta-inducible early growth response protein 2 (TIEG-2), TGFbeta-induced factor 2, integrin beta-like 1, latent TGF-binding protein 4S, and FGF receptor 4B. We performed a detailed sequence analysis of the candidate novel genes to elucidate their likely functional properties

The structure and content of the achievements portfolio of university students

Introduction of the portfolio into the educational process requires precise regulation, systematization of its structure and content to attract students for filling it. The more students fill in the portfolio, the better becomes the quality of learning process. There were applied analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction for the purpose of studying the subject. The article denotes several definitions of the concept of portfolio. As a result, its essence was determined. The requirements for students have been established to fill it. Based on the “Regulations on the Portfolio of Achievements of Students of Kozma Minin Nizhniy Novgorod State Pedagogical University”, the functions of the portfolio were identified, and their content disclosed. The sections are given that are filled by students as well: educational activities, professional, research, public, cultural and creative, sports. According to our study it is worth to conclude that to improve the quality of education, the portfolio should be based on the principles of continuity, diagnostics, problem orientation, technological traceability criteria, scientific. It should have a clear structure and logical sequence of sections. As we have shown, the portfolio performs many pedagogical functions and has a positive effect on the personality of each student. The result of systematic participation in the compilation of a student's portfolio is developed abilities for self-organization, discipline, responsibility, the identification of strengths and weaknesses, and the elimination of learning gaps.peer-reviewe

Условия образования минеральных включений в гидротермальных метасоматитах г. Двугорбой, Южная Камчатка

Mineralogical and geochemical features of hydrothermal metasomatites of the Southern Kamchatka were studied. The probable physico-chemical conditions of formation of the studied mineral inclusions in hydrothermally altered rocks are considered.Исследования гидротермальных метасоматитов выявили их минералогические и геохимические особенности. Рассмотрены вероятные физико-химические условия образования исследованных минеральных включений в гидротермально измененных породах