Noise mapping based on participative measurements

The high temporal and spatial granularities recommended by the European regulation for the purpose of environmental noise mapping leads to consider new alternatives to simulations for reaching such information. While more and more European cities deploy urban environmental observatories, the ceaseless rising number of citizens equipped with both a geographical positioning system and environmental sensors through their smartphones legitimates the design of outsourced systems that promote citizen participatory sensing. In this context, the OnoM@p system aims at offering a framework for capitalizing on crowd noise data recorded by inexperienced individuals by means of an especially designed mobile phone application. The system fully rests upon open source tools and interoperability standards defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium. Moreover, the implementation of the Spatial Data Infrastructure principle enables to break up as services the various business modules for acquiring, analysing and mapping sound levels. The proposed architecture rests on outsourced processes able to filter outlier sensors and untrustworthy data, to cross- reference geolocalised noise measurements with both geographical and statistical data in order to provide higher level indicators, and to map the collected and processed data based on web services

H2GIS a spatial database to feed urban climate issues

International audienceTo understand the urban climate, predict the effect of urbanization or attend to improve the impact of some human activities, it is necessary to have a good understanding of the role of the urban surface. Indeed it has been demonstrated that surface forms affect urban microclimate (Givoni 1989, Oke 1981, 1988) and therefore changes the consumer behaviour of residents especially the building energy consumption (Santamouris, 2001, Ohashi et al., 2007).The urban territory is continuously changing: high-rise buildings densification, new road infrastructures, increase of impervious surfaces, consumption of agricultural and natural areas… The result is new border, new shapes and new morphology for the urban geometries. In this context, monitoring urban changes became a challenge for urban planners and decision makers.Geographical Information System (GIS) applications are increasingly being used to compute a set of indicators such as the Sky View Factor, the mean building height, the compactness ratio… All of theses indicators are used to study and monitor the urban structure (Long et al 2003, Bocher et al 2009). Besides, in the late 1990s, a large number of GIS-based tools have been developed by taking advantage of data organisation, spatial analysis and visualisation (eg. cartography). These three functions coincide with the focus of an indicator that needs to organize data, to quantify and to communicate.If this diversity is valuable, on the other hand it can also act as a disincentive for the scientists and urban stakeholders communities. These tools are often build to answer a particular subject (mono-thematic approach). Moreover, most of them are based on proprietary softwares which limits their distribution, the possibility to examine their implementation (algorithm) since the main software is required to run the tool (black box) (Steiniger and Bocher, 2009, Steiniger and Hay, 2009). Last but not least, the definitions used to compute an indicator may differ according to the authors.This situation is in sharp contrast with the needs of the scientific community to share results and experiences, and to experiment with new methods. Moreover, it is inconsistent with number of laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment that promote common indicators.To fill this gap, we propose a new open source spatial database, called H2GIS (http://www.h2gis.org/), to manipulate and process geographic and alphanumeric data (Gouge et al, 2014). H2GIS is a spatial extension of the Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) H2 Database Engine (http://www.h2database.com/) in the spirit of PostGIS (http://postgis.net/). It adds support for managing spatial features and operations on thenew Geometry type of H2. H2GIS is fully compliant with the OGC’s Simple Features for SQL (SFSQL) 1.2.1 standards (Herring 2010, 2011).In this paper we show how the spatial RDBMS H2GIS should be an ideal framework to model the urban data (store and distinguish spatial relationships), create a generic set of spatial urban indicators and used them with massive data (scalable, multi-core processing).As an illustration, H2GIS is used in the MApUCE project which aims to integrate in urban policies and most relevant legal documents quantitative data from urban microclimate, climate and energy. Based on literature review, we offer an open spatial analysis toolbox to study the urban surface

Evaluation des sources de polluants susceptibles d'impacter les ouvrages de gestion des eaux pluviales – Diagnostic exhaustif à l'échelle du territoire nantais

International audienceTo offset the effects of soil sealing and to deal with stormwater management issue s , cities have adopted BMPs (Best Management Practices) for twenty years . Many facilities exist on urban areas and h ave proved to be efficient on a hydrological point of view, but questions remain about pollutants. Under the Matriochkas project, w h ich focuses on performances of stormwater management facilities in terms of retention of pollutants, an inventory on retention and infiltration basins and swales is conducted throughout the Nantes metropole territory. An exhaustive diagnosis of sources of pollutants is carried out on the facilities identifi ed in this inventory, using a methodology based on spatial analysis of geographic data. More specifically, contributive area of facilities is identified by an automatic method based on drainage networks. The description of these contributive areas in terms of geographic data (land use, human activities such as road traffic , and practices ), and literature data on emissions of pollutants in urban areas, makes it possible to estimate potential pollutant loads which discharge into these facilities.Afin de compenser les effets de l'imperméabilisation des sols et pour répondre à la problématique de gestion des eaux pluviales, les collectivités se tournent depuis une vingtaine d'années vers les techniques alternatives. De nombreux ouvrages existent sur les territoires urbains, et si leurs performances hydrologiques sont connues, leur rôle vis-à-vis de la rétention des polluants l'est moins. Dans le cadre du projet Matriochkas, qui s'intéresse aux performances des ouvrages de gestion à la source vis-à-vis de la rétention des polluants, un recensement des bassins de rétention et d'infiltration ainsi que des noues est mené sur l'ensemble de l'agglomération nantaise. Un diagnostic exhaustif des sources de pollution est réalisé sur les ouvrages identifiés dans ce recensement, en utilisant une méthodologie basée sur l'exploitation de données géographiques. Cette méthodologie consiste à déterminer la zone contributive des ouvrages en développant une méthode automatique qui s'appuie sur les réseaux de drainage. La description de ces zones contributives à partir de données géographiques (occupation du sol, activités anthropiques dont le trafic routier, et usages) et de données de la littérature relatives aux émissions de polluants sur les surfaces urbaines, permet d'estimer a priori les flux de polluants déversés dans ces ouvrages

Crowdsourcing of Noise Map Pollution using Smartphones: Journées des Laboratoires SIG de Suisse romande

We present at the LSSR journey, the ENERGIC-OD project and the application developed by the LAB-STICC (CNRS) and LEA (IFSTTAR) laboratories to collect noise data from smartphones.We present the ENERGIC-OD project and the application developed by the LAB-STICC (CNRS) and LEA (IFSTTAR) laboratories to collect noise data from smartphones

Urban Climate, Human behavior & Energy consumption: from LCZ mapping to simulation and urban planning (the MapUCE project)

International audienceThe MApUCE project aims to integrate in urban policies and most relevant legal documents quantitative data from urban microclimate, climate and energy.The primary objective of this project is to obtain climate and energy quantitative data from numerical simulations, focusing on urban microclimate and building energy consumption in the residential and service sectors, which represents in France 41% of the final energy consumption. Both aspects are coupled as building energy consumption is highly meteorologically dependent (e.g. domestic heating, air-conditioning) and heat waste impact the Urban Heat Island. We propose to develop, using national databases, a generic and automated method for generating Local Climate Zones (LCZ) for all cities in France, including the urban architectural, geographical and sociological parameters necessary for energy and microclimate simulations.As will be presented, previous projects on adaptation of cities to climate change have shown that human behavior is a very potent level to address energy consumption reduction, as much as urban forms or architectural technologies. Therefore, in order to further refine the coupled urban climate and energy consumption calculations, we will develop within TEB (and its Building Energy Module) a model of energy consumer behavior.The second objective of the project is to propose a methodology to integrate quantitative data in urban policies. Lawyers analyze the potential levers in legal and planning documents. A few “best cases” are also studied, in order to evaluate their performances. Finally, based on urban planning agencies requirements, we will define vectors to include quantified energy-climate data to legal urban planning documents. These vectors have to be understandable by urban planners and contain the relevant information.To meet these challenges, the project is organized around strongly interdisciplinary partners in the following fields: law, urban climate, building energetics, architecture, sociology, geography and meteorology, as well as the national federation of urban planning agencies.In terms of results, the cross-analysis of input urban parameters and urban micro-climate-energy simulated data will be available on-line as standardized maps for each of the studied cities. The urban parameter production tool as well as the models will be available as open-source. LCZ and associated urban (and social!) indicators may be integrated within the WUDAPT database

How to organize the data flow of the City: a case study with the Spatial Data Infrastructure CartoPOLIS

National audienceWith the ever-increasing volume of spatially referenced urban data, it is becomingmore and more difficult to sort through the sheer mass of available information. Inorder to make data easily identifiable and searchable, public institutions havedeveloped the concept of a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). SDIs are based on toolsfor storing, cataloging and disseminating and respect the norms and standards in force.It is now possible for users to "consume» data and to be informed as to their validity,terms of use, etc. In this context, the IRSTV is implementing its own SDI to provide atool for storing and sharing among its researchers scientific knowledge producedaround the city.The purpose of this poster is to show how the different components of the IRSTV'sSDI are linked together and to highlight what still needs to be done. Indeed, we showthat it is not currently possible to broadcast mapping content in a harmonized way.Similarly, we address the problem of processing remote tasks on a server. Weemphasize current developments in the CartoPOLIS and OrbisGIS platforms whichpromise to resolve these deficiencies

Raster processing framework for OrbisGIS

International audienceThis poster presents the definition and the implementation of a Framework with the purpose to process big raster images. It uses a tiling system based on Java Advanced Imaging API. The Framework was designed so as to be completely transparent for the user who doesn't have to deal with the management of these tiles. This poster shows an use case of a urban classification of Nantes in 3 different years : 1993, 2000 and 2004.The processing schema has been divided in 4 main steps :- cropping the original images to the desired region,- re sampling all the images so they have the same resolution,- applying a supervised classification algorithm- use of statistical algorithm over a vectorial layer of the city to study the land cover changes

La base de données MApUCE - Focus sur les données socio-économiques

International audiencePrésentation de la base de données MApUCE, réalisée dans le cadre du deuxième Atelier Géo-Visu, à Toulouse le 05 février 2019.Cette base de données a été produite dans le cadre du programme de recherche ANR MApUCE

OrbisGIS : Un Système d'Information Géographique construit par et pour la recherche

International audienceUn défi majeur pour l'homme est de se munir de représentations de l'espace dans lequel il vit qui dépassent la représentation que lui-même peut s'en construire afin d'agir en étant mieux informé. Ces représentations doivent être partageables afin que les décisions bénéficient d'une variété de points de vue. Alors que les cartes deviennent numériques et que leur analyse peut être partagée entre l'homme et l'ordinateur, demeurent des défis concernant la représentation des données numériques sur l'espace, l'acquisition et le traitement de ces données.Cet ouvrage présente des développements logiciels majeurs produits récemment en géomatique, discipline à la croisée de la géographie et de l'informatique et qui se concentre sur l'acquisition et le traitement des données sur l'espace. Il analyse les spécificités de ces logiciels en termes de motivations, de modélisation de l'information et de méthodes d'analyse. Les verrous associés à leur mutualisation sont également analysés et conduisent à des propositions pour une meilleure mutualisation des efforts de recherche et de développement en géomatique