23 research outputs found
Reator Eletrolìtico Para Tratamento De Efluentes Têxteis
Este desenvolvimento refere-se a um equipamento destinado Ă utilização como prĂ©-tratamento, tratamento ou pĂłs-tratamento de efluentes de indĂşstria tĂŞxteis contendo corantes reativos e dispersivos, sendo expansĂvel ao tratamento de diversos tipos de efluentes domĂ©sticos e/ou industriais. O reator possui uma estrutura compacta, e consiste de um sistema tubular concĂŞntrico de eletrodos de titânio revestido por TiO2/RuO2, fechado nas extremidades por tampas de polipropileno irradiado e com um tubo de quartzo central. O reator utiliza o processo eletrolĂtico, onde a aplicação de diferença de potencial via fonte externa entre eletrodos desencadeia reações quĂmicas na superfĂcie destes levando Ă formação de radicais capazes de degradar espĂ©cies quĂmicas recalcitrantes presentes em efluentes. Oferece ainda, a possibilidade de tratamento fotoquĂmico, por meio de colocação de lâmpada ultravioleta dentro do tubo de quartzo. O sistema se mostrou eficiente no tratamento de corantes, pois permitiu uma rápida degradação da solução contendo corante Preto Remazol, verificados por reduções da cor superiores a 88% a partir de 90 minutos de tratamento e reduções no teor de Carbono Orgânico Total. Quando aplicado no efluente da indĂşstria tĂŞxtil, foram obtidas reduções da cor da ordem de 99% em 45 minutos de processamento. Houve tambĂ©m, redução superior a 39% no teor de Carbono Orgânico Total em 180 minutos, enquanto que foi obtida redução superior a 74% na Demanda QuĂmica de OxigĂŞnio. As reduções da cor, do COT e da DQO podem estabelecer relação com a degradabilidade e recalcitrância do corante e, consequentemente, pode-se esperar um aumento da biodegradabilidade desses corantes apĂłs o tratamento com o reator proposto.BR0201465C02F1/46C02F1/46BR20020201465C02F1/46C02F1/4
Efeitos da duloxetina na sarcopenia associada Ă osteoartrite de joelho : um ensaio clĂnico randomizado
Studies on the electrochemical disinfection of water containing Escherichia coli using a Dimensionally Stable Anode
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost
Treatment of landfill leachate by photo-assisted electrolysis
Orientador: Rodnei BertazzoliTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: Em aterros, quando o lixo depositado entra em decomposição, se forma o chorume, um lĂquido escuro e de odor desagradável, potencial patogĂŞnico e toxicolĂłgico que pode conter compostos orgânicos, metais pesados e outros Ăons e que se nĂŁo adequadamente tratado pode causar problemas de caráter sanitário e ambiental. MĂ©todos de oxidação quĂmica ou biolĂłgica habitualmente utilizados apresentam dificuldade para tratar chorume de aterros antigos. Visando a obtenção de um mĂ©todo de tratamento complementar ou alternativo, neste trabalho utilizou-se um sistema fotoeletroquĂmico em escala piloto de 18 L operando em modo contĂnuo com reciclo, composto por reator tubular com eletrodos comerciais ADE de Ti/70TiO2-30RuO2 e lâmpada ultravioleta para degradar chorume bruto de um aterro sanitário municipal. Esta configuração possui o diferencial de utilizar um sistema compacto, com eletrodo nĂŁo-solĂşvel de longo tempo de vida Ăştil e eliminar a necessidade de separação do semicondutor da solução apĂłs o tratamento. Foram comparados os processos fotocatalĂtico, eletrolĂtico e eletrolĂtico assistido por fotocatálise heterogĂŞnea com e sem a adição de fotocatalisador TiO2, determinando-se a eficiĂŞncia do sistema por meio de análises de cor, DBO, DQO, toxicidade aguda, Carbono Orgânico Total, pH, temperatura, amĂ´nia e cloreto. O sistema foi otimizado em termos de densidade de corrente de eletrĂłlise, tempo de tratamento e vazĂŁo da solução. Foram testados os valores 300, 1000,2000 e 3000 L h-1 nas densidades de corrente de 13,25, 39, 48, 78, 90 e 116 mA cm-2. No tratamento eletrolĂtico, em 180 min de processamento a 116,0 mA cm-2 e 2000 L h-1 foi possĂvel remover de 86 a 1 00% da cor, 33 a 73% do COT, 31 a 90% da DQO e 31 a 100% da amĂ´nia do chorume. O comportamento cinĂ©tico para remoção da cor, COT e DQO foi de segunda ordem, com constantes aparentes de velocidade de remoção variando entre 1,58.10-4 e 3,79.10-5 ma-1m s-1 2,13.10-8 e 2,92.10-9 m4s-1g-1 e 1,40.10-8 e 2,07.10-9 m4s-1g-l respectivamente. As remoções de amĂ´nia e cloreto seguiram comportamento cinĂ©tico de primeira ordem, sendo que a constante mĂ©dia de velocidade de remoção de amĂ´nia variou entre 6,87.10-5 e 3,46.10-6 m s-1. TambĂ©m, foram observadas reduções da DBO, da toxicidade e remoção de metais. Esta forma de tratamento nĂŁo apresenta problemas posteriores em relação Ă geração de lodo ou subprodutos tĂłxicos, sendo indicada como complementar ao tratamento biolĂłgicoAbstract: Sanitary landfills are the major method used today for the disposal and management of municipal solid waste. Decomposition of waste and rainfall generate leachate at the bottom of landfills, causing groundwater contamination. The leachate is a dark grey, foul smelling solution and it can be considered a complex effluent, often containing organic compounds, heavy metals, and many other soluble compounds. Furthermore, leachate presents high values of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and, because of its toxic potential, it may represent an environmental problem. Biological and chemica1 oxidation commonly used in the treatment have not entirely efficient in degrading old landfill leachate. Moreover, the process is sensitive to variable organic 10008 and different flow rates. In this study, leachate from an old age municipal landfill site was treated by photo-electrochemical oxidation in a pilot scale flow reactor (18 L), using DSA anode and UV radiation. The adopted system is small, compact, long service-life electrodes and separation between of cata1yst from solution is not necessary. By using photocatalytic, electrolytic and photo-assisted electrolytic processes, the effect of current density and flow rate on COD, BOD, total organic carbon, color, ammonia and toxicity removal was investigated. At a current density of 116.0 mA cm-l, flow rate of 2000 L h-1 and 180 min of processing, removal of 86-100% of color, 33-73% of TOC, 31-90% of COD and 31-100% of ammonia were achieved. Removal rates for color, TOC and COD presented a second-order kinetic, with apparent kinetic constants among 1,58.10-4 - 3,79.10-5 ma-lm s-l, 2,13.10-8 - 2,92.10-9 m4s-1g-1 and 1,40.10-8 - 2,07.10-9 m4s-1g-1 respectively. The ammonia and chloride removal followed a first-order kinetic, with apparent kinetic constants ranging from 6,87.10-5 to 3,46.10-6 m s-1. Furthermore, BOD, toxicity and metallic ions were also removed. This process of treatment doesn't show further problems related to sludge production or toxic by-products, been appointed as complementary to traditional biological systems. Besides the high energy consumption, the process proved effectiveness in degrading leachate, despite this effluent' s usual refractoriness to treatmentDoutoradoMateriais e Processos de FabricaçãoDoutor em Engenharia Mecânic
Photoeletrolytic system applied to remazol red brilliant degradation
Toxicity tests using Sacharomycces cerevisiae were made with simulated textile effluents containing reactive dye (remazol red brilliant) treated by photoeletrolytic process, varying treatment time and applied current. The treatment incorporated an electrolytic reactor with rectangular titanium anode coated with 70% TiO(2)/30% RuO(2) cathode and a rectangular stainless steel coupled with another photolytic reactor containing a high power UV lamp. The treatment system was used in batch recirculation, in other words, the simulated effluent was driven by the system through a helical pump. It was observed that the higher the value of current applied, the longer the treatment has greater color removal of textile effluent and higher mortality of S. cerevisiae, killing up to 100% of the cells at the end of the treatment. With a lower current applied and having the treatment time of 5 minutes, the effluent showed a color removal of 97% and a lower mortality of S. cerevisiae than the effluent simulated without any treatment.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientĂfico e TecnolĂłgico (CNPq