Dados espectrais orbitais e de laboratório na otimização da análise do solo

Traditional soil analyses are time-consuming with high cost and environmental risks, thus the use of new technologies such as remote sensing have to be estimulated. The purpose of this work was to quantify soil attributes by laboratory and orbital sensors as a non-destructive and a non-pollutant method. The study area was in the region of Barra Bonita, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in a 473 ha bare soil area. A sampling grid was established (100 × 100 m), with a total of 474 locations and a total of 948 soil samples. Each location was georeferenced and soil samples were collected for analysis. Reflectance data for each soil sample was measured with a laboratory sensor (450 to 2,500 nm). For the same locations, reflectance data was obtained from a TM-Landsat-5 image. Multiple linear regression equations were developed for 50% of the samples. Two models were developed: one for spectroradiometric laboratory data and the second for TM-Landsat-5 orbital data. The remaining 50% of the samples were used to validate the models. The test compared the attribute content quantified by the spectral models and that determined in the laboratory (conventional methods). The highest coefficients of determination for the laboratory data were for clay content (R² = 0.86) and sand (R² = 0.82) and for the orbital data (R² = 0.61 and 0.63, respectively). By using the present methodology, it was possible to estimate CEC (R² = 0.64) by the laboratory sensor. Laboratory and orbital sensors can optimize time, costs and environment pollutants when associated with traditional soil analysis.Analises de solos tradicionais consomem tempo com alto custo e riscos ambientais. Dessa forma, o uso de novas tecnologias como o sensoriamento remoto tem sido estimulado. O objetivo do trabalho foi quantificar atributos dos solos por um método não destrutivo e não poluente utilizando sensor de laboratório e orbital. A área de estudo localiza-se na região de Barra Bonita, Brasil, com 473 ha com solo exposto. Foi estabelecida uma malha de amostragem (100 m × 100 m) com 474 pontos de amostragem e um total de 948 amostras de solos. Os pontos de amostragem foram georreferenciados, e amostras de solos coletadas e enviadas para análises. Os dados de Reflectância foram obtidos para cada amostra de solo com o sensor em laboratório (450 a 2500 nm). Nos mesmos locais de amostragem de solos, foram obtidos dados de reflectância de imagens orbitais TM-Landsat-5. Equações lineares de regressão múltiplas foram desenvolvidas com 50% das amostras. Dois modelos foram desenvolvidos: o primeiro com dados de espectroradiometria de laboratório e o segundo para os dados orbitais da imagem TM Landsat-5. O restante das amostras, 50% foram utilizadas para validar o modelo. O teste comparou os valores dos atributos quantificados pelos modelos espectrais e os determinados em laboratório (método convencional). Os maiores coeficientes de determinação para os resultados de laboratório foram para argila (R² = 0,86) e areia (R² = 0,82) e para os dados orbitais (R² 0,61 e 0,63, respectivamente). Também foi possível com o presente método estimar CTC (R² = 0,64) para o sensor de laboratório, podendo otimizar tempo, custos e poluições ambientais associadas com as análises de solos tradicionais.FAPESPCNP

The arm stroke efficiency in front crawl swimming: updating the state of the art

The main topic of this thesis was the arm stroke efficiency in front crawl swimming. Hence, it was developed in three original articles aiming to: (1) investigate the interplay between propelling efficiency and arm\u2019s power output in determining the maximal speed in front crawl swimming, (2) estimate the effects of leg kick on the swimming speed and on arm stroke efficiency in front crawl, and (3) to compare different methods to assess the arm stroke efficiency and to identify the main biophysical predictors of maximal speed in 200 m swimming with the arms only. Different approaches were used to quantify the arm stroke efficiency. For instance, the paddle-wheel model (studies 1, 2, and 3), the ratio forward speed/hand speed (study 3), and the MAD System approach (study 3). The leg kick contribution was estimated individually, considering the differences in speed at paired stroke frequencies, in a range of speeds. Useful and non-useful components of the total mechanical power exerted by the arm stroke were obtained from dry land (using a customized arm-crank ergometer; study 1) and swimming protocols (using the MAD System; study 3), combined to the assessment of physiological and biomechanical parameters, including the arm stroke efficiency. The maximal speed in 200 m was determined by the balance between biomechanical (75% of the variances explained by the external mechanical power and the arm stroke efficiency; 98% of the variances explained by the external mechanical power, the arm stroke efficiency and the speed-specific drag) and physiological parameters (98% of the variances explained by the total metabolic power and the energy cost of swimming). Moreover, leg kick contribution to forward speed increased from low to maximal stroke frequencies (and speeds) and individual adjustments to the leg kick contribution should be considered when assessing the arm stroke efficiency in \u201cfull stroke\u201d front crawl. Furthermore, the different methods provided significantly different values of arm stroke efficiency, although they agreed with each other. Therefore, arm stroke efficiency data should be interpreted carefully, considering the method used

Synthesis and magnetic properties of cobalt-iron/cobalt-ferrite soft/hard magnetic core/shell nanowires

A straightforward method for the synthesis of CoFe2.7/CoFe2O4 core/shell nanowires is described. The proposed method starts with a conventional pulsed electrodeposition procedure on alumina nanoporous template. The obtained CoFe2.7 nanowires are released from the template and allowed to oxidize at room conditions over several weeks. The effects of partial oxidation on the structural and magnetic properties were studied by x-ray spectrometry, magnetometry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the final nanowires are composed of 5 nm iron-cobalt alloy nanoparticles. Releasing the nanowires at room conditions promoted surface oxidation of the nanoparticles and created a CoFe2O4 shell spinel-like structure. The shell avoids internal oxidation and promotes the formation of bi-magnetic soft/hard magnetic core/shell nanowires. The magnetic properties of both the initial single-phase CoFe2.7 nanowires and the final core/shell nanowires, reveal that the changes in the properties from the array are due to the oxidation more than effects associated with released processes (disorder and agglomeration).Fil: Londoño Calderon, Cesar Leandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Moscoso Londoño, Oscar. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Muraca, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Brasil. Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials. Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory; BrasilFil: Arzuza, Luis. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Carvalho, Peterson. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Pirota, Kleber Roberto. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Knobel, Marcelo. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Pampillo, Laura Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería "Hilario Fernández Long". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Tecnologías y Ciencias de la Ingeniería "Hilario Fernández Long"; ArgentinaFil: Martinez Garcia, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Formosa. Facultad de Recursos Naturales; Argentin

SEGMENTAÇÃO DE PLANO DE FUNDO EM IMAGENS COM BASE NA PROFUNDIDADE UTILIZANDO A TECNOLOGIA INTEL® REALSENSETM

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de utilização de tecnologia de câmeras de profundidade Intel® RealsenseTM em conjunto com o algoritmo “Grabcut” para realizar segmentação de plano fundo em imagens de forma mais acurada e eficaz. O desenvolvimento do algoritmo proposto foi feito em um ambiente de programação C++ com o uso do SDK open source Realsense para o recebimento de dados da câmera de profundidade RazerTM Stargazer baseada na câmera SR300 da Intel, e também utilizando a biblioteca open source OpenCV para realizar as operações nas imagens bem como na implementação do algoritmo “Grabcut”

Partially ordered distributed computations on asynchronous point-to-point networks

Asynchronous executions of a distributed algorithm differ from each other due to the nondeterminism in the order in which the messages exchanged are handled. In many situations of interest, the asynchronous executions induced by restricting nondeterminism are more efficient, in an application-specific sense, than the others. In this work, we define partially ordered executions of a distributed algorithm as the executions satisfying some restricted orders of their actions in two different frameworks, those of the so-called event- and pulse-driven computations. The aim of these restrictions is to characterize asynchronous executions that are likely to be more efficient for some important classes of applications. Also, an asynchronous algorithm that ensures the occurrence of partially ordered executions is given for each case. Two of the applications that we believe may benefit from the restricted nondeterminism are backtrack search, in the event-driven case, and iterative algorithms for systems of linear equations, in the pulse-driven case