Eltern als Stakeholder von Schule. Erkenntnisse über die Sichtweise von Eltern durch die Hamburger Schulinspektion

Die Notwendigkeit der Wahrnehmung von Eltern als Stakeholdern von Schule lässt sich aus unterschiedlichen theoretischen Ansätzen herleiten: aus der Perspektive einer marktorientierten Steuerung des Bildungswesens, der Schulentwicklungsforschung und der systemorientierten Vertrauensforschung. Welche Erkenntnisse zur Elternperspektive auf Schule lassen sich aus Daten der Schulinspektion gewinnen? Inwieweit trägt Schulinspektion dazu bei, dass durch die Außensicht von Eltern auch blinde Flecke im System Schule entdeckt und diese im Rahmen von Schulentwicklungsprozessen bearbeitet werden? Ausgehend von unterschiedlichen theoretischen Ansätzen werden ausgewählte Daten der Hamburger Schulinspektion aus den Jahren 2007 bis 2014 dargestellt und interpretiert, die in schriftlichen Elternbefragungen und in Gruppeninterviews mit Eltern gewonnen wurden. Mit ihnen lassen sich Zusammenhänge zwischen „guter Schule“ und „guter Elternarbeit“ aufzeigen und Entwicklungsfelder für Schulen bestimmen. Darüber hinaus lässt sich Steuerungswissen für Verwaltung und Bildungspolitik bezüglich der Wahrnehmung von Eltern als Stakeholdern generieren. (DIPF/Orig.

Implementation of Dual Training Programmes through the Development of Boundary Objects: a Case Study

A dual training system or programme tries to balance education (in a school) and training (in a company) in an equal manner to qualify, educate and socialise the next generation. Besides these effects (qualification, education and socialisation), it seems that this dual structure enables a country to achieve economic targets (e.g. economic growth) and social objectives (e.g. the integration of young people into the employment market), which is why attempts are being made in various countries to develop or to preserve dual training structures. This study focuses on emerging dual training programmes in the United States of America. Our questions are: How do German companies establish dual structures in the United States of America? How do they shape the cooperation between companies and schools? As the cooperation aspect will be the focus of the article, we will concentrate on the interface between the schools and the companies. Our theoretical reference is the concept of boundary objects; a concept within the tradition of cultural-historical activity theory. Using this concept, we show how and in which way dual training structures and an innovative workplace learning partnership have being established in a German transplant in the USA.Un sistema o programa de formación dual intenta equilibrar de igual manera la educación (en la escuela) y la formación (en la empresa) para cualificar, educar y socializar a la próxima generación. Aparte de estos efectos (cualificación, educación y socialización), parece que dicha estructura dual permite que un país alcance objetivos económicos (por ejemplo: el crecimiento económico) y objetivos sociales (por ejemplo: la integración de jóvenes en el mercado laboral), lo que explica por qué motivo se intenta desarrollar o preservar las estructuras de formación dual en varios países.El estudio se centra en programas emergentes de formación dual en los Estados Unidos de América. Nuestras preguntas son: ¿cómo establecen las empresas alemanas estructuras duales en Estados Unidos de América?, ¿cómo se determina la cooperación entre empresas y escuelas?Ya que el aspecto de la cooperación será el foco principal del artículo, nos centraremos en la interconexión entre las escuelas y las empresas. Nuestra referencia teórica es el concepto de boundary objects, el cual se encuentra dentro de la tradición de la teoría de la actividad histórico-cultural. Usando el concepto mencionado, mostramos de qué manera deben establecerse las estructuras de formación dual y una asociación innovadora del aprendizaje en el lugar de trabajo en este proceso de adaptación del sistema alemán en los EUA.Un sistema o un programa de formació dual intenta equilibrar l'educació (a l'escola) i la formació (a l'empresa) per qualificar, educar i socialitzar la generació següent. A banda dels efectes esmentats (qualificació, educació i socialització), sembla que aquesta estructura dual permet que un país assoleixi objectius econòmics (per exemple: creixement econòmic) i objectius socials (per exemple: la integració de joves en el mercat laboral), això explica per què s'intenta desenvolupar o preservar les estructures de la formació dual en diferents països.L'estudi se centra en programes emergents de formació dual als Estats Units d'Amèrica. Les nostres preguntes són: com estableixen les empreses alemanyes estructures duals als Estats Units d'Amèrica?, com es determina la cooperació entre empreses i escoles?Ja que l'aspecte de la cooperació serà el focus principal de l'article, ens centrarem en la interconnexió entre les escoles i les empreses. El referent teòric és el concepte de boundary objects, que es troba dins de la tradició de la teoria de l'activitat historicocultural. Fent servir el concepte esmentat, mostrem de quina manera s'han d'establir les estructures de formació dual i una associació innovadora de l'aprenentatge en el lloc de treball en aquest procés d'adaptació del sistema alemany als EUA.A dual training system or programme tries to balance education (in a school) and training (in a company) in an equal manner to qualify, educate and socialise the next generation. Besides these effects (qualification, education and socialisation), it seems that this dual structure enables a country to achieve economic targets (e.g. economic growth) and social objectives (e.g. the integration of young people into the employment market), which is why attempts are being made in various countries to develop or to preserve dual training structures. This study focuses on emerging dual training programmes in the United States of America. Our questions are: How do German companies establish dual structures in the United States of America? How do they shape the cooperation between companies and schools? As the cooperation aspect will be the focus of the article, we will concentrate on the interface between the schools and the companies. Our theoretical reference is the concept of boundary objects; a concept within the tradition of cultural-historical activity theory. Using this concept, we show how and in which way dual training structures and an innovative workplace learning partnership have being established in a German transplant in the USA

Am I at Peace ?: A Deeper Look Into Identity Formation and Integration

This holistic case study exploring the identity formation of a multicultural female college student stemmed from a previous study. Understanding the process of cultural integration is vital for counselors and educators to recognize because the confusion in integrating crosscultural experiences and culture groups can be part of the reason an individual seeks counseling. Observation, five in-depth interviews, and a photo journal composed of ten pictures were used to gather information over a span of six months. Furthermore, six themes identified in the initial study were explored to see how they appear in the participant’s everyday life. The six themes were language, race, religion, cultural appreciation, education, and dominant culture. Findings in the areas of cultural integration are presented

Construction of the spatial development model of a city based on vertical planning concepts

Formation of an urbanistic approach to the study of the urban environment is based on the understanding of how the systems of support and spatial planning can be implemented. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that urban planning in a traditional way when using horizontal space, may not always affect areas that will ensure expansion and improve the quality of life in cities. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that vertical planning does not always allow using the general forms and structures of urban planning concepts. The authors have determined that particular importance in planning should be given to the design of the visual environment for the urban area. The paper presents a model for designing a vertical environment and defines the principles of modelling high-rise design concept. It is shown that modelling should be carried out online using real-time technologies. The practical significance of the study is determined by the fact that the construction of the developed model is possible only with the use of spatial modelling technologies on high-resource systems. Obtaining three-dimensional models is assumed in the structure of stereo modelling not only of buildings, but also of accompanying objects that can act as infrastructural assets

We zijn druk, druk, druk : Wat blijft er over van rechtvaardigheid?

In today’s busy society, people have less and less time. In the current paper we argue that busy people are more influenced by egocentric issues than by issues that are justice related. Several social psychological experiments support this suggestion. Furthermore, we discuss in this paper the mechanism that may explain people’s reactions to being overpaid. We suggest a two-phase model of reactions to the conflict between justice and egoism. Specifically, we propose that when people are better paid than comparable other persons, judging the advantage of receiving an advantageous outcome is quick and easy as preferences are primary. We further propose that adjusting this appraisal requires cognitive resources as it entails integrating fairness concerns with the initial preference appraisal

Multimodal Uncertainty Reduction for Intention Recognition in Human-Robot Interaction

Assistive robots can potentially improve the quality of life and personal independence of elderly people by supporting everyday life activities. To guarantee a safe and intuitive interaction between human and robot, human intentions need to be recognized automatically. As humans communicate their intentions multimodally, the use of multiple modalities for intention recognition may not just increase the robustness against failure of individual modalities but especially reduce the uncertainty about the intention to be predicted. This is desirable as particularly in direct interaction between robots and potentially vulnerable humans a minimal uncertainty about the situation as well as knowledge about this actual uncertainty is necessary. Thus, in contrast to existing methods, in this work a new approach for multimodal intention recognition is introduced that focuses on uncertainty reduction through classifier fusion. For the four considered modalities speech, gestures, gaze directions and scene objects individual intention classifiers are trained, all of which output a probability distribution over all possible intentions. By combining these output distributions using the Bayesian method Independent Opinion Pool the uncertainty about the intention to be recognized can be decreased. The approach is evaluated in a collaborative human-robot interaction task with a 7-DoF robot arm. The results show that fused classifiers which combine multiple modalities outperform the respective individual base classifiers with respect to increased accuracy, robustness, and reduced uncertainty.Comment: Submitted to IROS 201

The Association Between Particulate Air Pollution and Respiratory Mortality in Beijing Before, During, and After the 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games

To improve ambient air quality during the 2008 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Chinese Government and Beijing’s municipal government implemented comprehensive emission control policies in Beijing and its neighboring regions before and during this period. The goal of this study was to investigate the association between particulate air pollution and cause-specific respiratory mortality before, during and after the period of the Olympic Games. Further, we wanted to assess whether changes in pollutant concentrations were linked to changes in respiratory mortality. We obtained daily data on mortality due to respiratory diseases (coded as J00-J99 according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th revision [ICD10]) and pneumonia (ICD10: J12–18), meteorology, particulate matter less than 10 µm or 2.5 μm in diameter (PM10, PM2.5) and particle number size distribution from official monitoring networks and sites located on the Peking University campus between May 20 and December 1, 2008. We assessed the effects of particulate air pollution on daily respiratory mortality using confounder-adjusted Quasi-Poisson regression models. Furthermore, we estimated air pollution effects for three periods—before (May 20 to July 20, 2008), during (August 1 to September 20, 2008) and after (October 1 to December 1, 2008)—by including interaction terms in the models. We found associations between different particle metrics and respiratory and pneumonia mortality, with more pronounced effects in smaller particle size ranges. For example, an interquartile range increase of 7,958 particles/cm3 in ultrafine particles (particles <100 nm in diameter) led to a 16.3% (95% confidence interval 4.3%; 26.5%) increase in respiratory mortality with a delay of seven days. When investigating the sub-periods, results indicate that a reduction in air pollution during the Olympics resulted in reduced (cause-specific) respiratory mortality. This reduction was especially pronounced for pneumonia mortality. The findings suggest that even a short-term reduction in pollution concentrations may lead to health benefits and that smaller particles in the ultrafine size range may be particularly important for respiratory health

Air temperature and inflammatory and coagulation responses in men with coronary or pulmonary disease during the winter season

Background and Objective Air temperature changes are associated with increased cardiovascular and respiratory risk, but the roles of inflammatory and coagulation markers are not well understood. We investigated the associations between temperature and several blood markers in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and pulmonary disease (PD). Methods Two studies were conducted in Erfurt, Germany, over two successive winters. 578 and 381 repeated blood measurements were collected from 57 CHD and 38 PD patients, respectively. Data on patient characteristics and disease history were gathered at baseline. Meteorological data were collected from existing networks. Associations were analysed using additive mixed models with random patient effects. Effect modification by diabetes status was investigated only in CHD patients, as only two PD patients had diabetes. Results Mean daily air temperature varied between -13 degrees C and 16 degrees C in both study periods. A 10 degrees C decrease in the 5-day temperature average before blood withdrawal led to an increase in platelet counts (% change from the mean: 3.0%, 95% CI 0.6% to 5.5%) and fibrinogen (5.5%, 1.3% to 9.7%), no change in C-reactive protein in PD patients, and a decrease in C-reactive protein in CHD patients. A 2-day delayed increase in factor VII associated with temperature decrease was seen in CHD patients (4.9%; 0.7% to 9.2%), while PD patients showed no effect. `Effects in CHD patients without diabetes' into `Effects on factor VII in CHD patients without diabetes'. Conclusions This study suggests that temperature decrease is associated with change in several blood parameters. The complex interplay of blood markers at low temperature may contribute to the observed association between cold and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity