BoGSy:ein Informationssystem für Botanische Gärten

Botanische Gärten bieten den Botanischen Instituten die Grundlage für deren Forschungen und Besuchern einen Einblick in die Pflanzenwelt. Die mit dem Wissenschaftszweig der Botanik entstanden Universitätsgärten haben ihren Mittelpunkt in der Botanischen Forschung und Lehre, vor allem in den Bereichen Taxonomie und Ökologie. Die Grundlagen und der Inhalt der Botanischen Arbeit sind demnach insbesondere Sammlungen. Darüber hinaus erfordert die Teilnahme im IPEN (International Plant Exchange Network) seit einigen Jahren die Einhaltung strenger Kriterien der CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) beim Austausch von Samen und Pflanzenmaterial. Die Entwicklung eines Datenbank gestützten Informationssystems für Botanische Gärten wird durch eine Reihe von Beobachtungen motiviert und muss diverse Randbedingungen beachten. Dies wird im Folgenden genauer erläutert. Sodann werden der Entwurf und eine erste Realisierung des Informationssystems BoGSy beschrieben, welches an der Universität Münster entwickelt wird und diesen Bedingungen genügt.<br/

Distribution of P1(D1) wart disease resistance in potato germplasm and GWAS identification of haplotype-specific SNP markers

Key message: A Genome-Wide Association Study using 330 commercial potato varieties identified haplotype specific SNPmarkers associated with pathotype 1(D1) wart disease resistance. Abstract: Synchytrium endobioticum is a soilborne obligate biotrophic fungus responsible for wart disease. Growing resistant varieties is the most effective way to manage the disease. This paper addresses the challenge to apply molecular markers in potato breeding. Although markers linked to Sen1 were published before, the identification of haplotype-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms may result in marker assays with high diagnostic value. To identify hs-SNP markers, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a panel of 330 potato varieties representative of the commercial potato gene pool. SNP markers significantly associated with pathotype 1 resistance were identified on chromosome 11, at the position of the previously identified Sen1 locus. Haplotype specificity of the SNP markers was examined through the analysis of false positives and false negatives and validated in two independent full-sib populations. This paper illustrates why it is not always feasible to design markers without false positives and false negatives for marker-assisted selection. In the case of Sen1, founders could not be traced because of a lack of identity by descent and because of the decay of linkage disequilibrium between Sen1 and flanking SNP markers. Sen1 appeared to be the main source of pathotype 1 resistance in potato varieties, but it does not explain all the resistance observed. Recombination and introgression breeding may have introduced new, albeit rare haplotypes involved in pathotype 1 resistance. The GWAS approach, in such case, is instrumental to identify SNPs with the best possible diagnostic value for marker-assisted breeding.</p

Dynamics of the Gut Microbiota in Children Receiving Selective or Total Gut Decontamination Treatment during Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Bloodstream infections and graft-versus-host disease are common complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) procedures, associated with the gut microbiota that acts as a reservoir for opportunistic pathogens. Selective gut decontamination (SGD) and total gut decontamination (TGD) during HSCT have been associated with a decreased risk of developing these complications after transplantation. However, because studies have shown conflicting results, the use of these treatments remains subject of debate. In addition, their impact on the gut microbiota is not well studied. The aim of this study was to elucidate the dynamics of the microbiota during and after TGD and to compare these with the dynamics of SGD. In this prospective, observational, single center study fecal samples were longitudinally collected from 19 children eligible for allogenic HSCT (TGD, n=12; SGD, n=7), weekly during hospital admission and monthly after discharge. In addition, fecal samples were collected from 3 family stem cell donors. Fecal microbiota structure of patients and donors was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbiota richness and diversity markedly decreased during SGD and TGD and gradually increased after cessation of decontamination treatment. During SGD, gut microbiota composition was relatively stable and dominated by Bacteroides, whereas it showed high inter- and intraindividual variation and low Bacteroides abundance during TGD. In some children TGD allowed the genera Enterococcus and Streptococcus to thrive during treatment. A gut microbiota dominated by Bacteroides was associated with increased predicted activity of several metabolic processes. Comparing the microbiota of recipients and their donors indicated that receiving an SCT did not alter the patient's microbiota to become more similar to that of its donor. Overall, our findings indicate that SGD and TGD affect gut microbiota structure in a treatment-specific manner. Whether these treatments affect clinical outcomes via interference with the gut microbiota needs to be further elucidated. (C) 2019 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.Peer reviewe

Evidence of Υ(1S)→J/ψ+χc1\Upsilon(1S) \to J/\psi+\chi_{c1} and search for double-charmonium production in Υ(1S)\Upsilon(1S) and Υ(2S)\Upsilon(2S) decays

Using data samples of $102\times10^6$ $\Upsilon(1S)$ and $158\times10^6$ $\Upsilon(2S)$ events collected with the Belle detector, a first experimental search has been made for double-charmonium production in the exclusive decays $\Upsilon(1S,2S)\rightarrow J/\psi(\psi')+X$, where $X=\eta_c$, $\chi_{cJ} (J=~0,~1,~2)$, $\eta_c(2S)$, $X(3940)$, and $X(4160)$. No significant signal is observed in the spectra of the mass recoiling against the reconstructed $J/\psi$ or $\psi'$ except for the evidence of $\chi_{c1}$ production with a significance of $4.6\sigma$ for $\Upsilon(1S)\rightarrow J/\psi+\chi_{c1}$. The measured branching fraction \BR(\Upsilon(1S)\rightarrow J/\psi+\chi_{c1}) is $(3.90\pm1.21(\rm stat.)\pm0.23 (\rm syst.))\times10^{-6}$. The $90\%$ confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions of the other modes having a significance of less than $3\sigma$ are determined. These results are consistent with theoretical calculations using the nonrelativistic QCD factorization approach.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. The fit range was extended to include X(4160) signal according to referee's suggestions. Other results unchanged. Paper was accepted for publication as a regular article in Physical Review

The Cyst Nematode SPRYSEC Protein RBP-1 Elicits Gpa2- and RanGAP2-Dependent Plant Cell Death

Plant NB-LRR proteins confer robust protection against microbes and metazoan parasites by recognizing pathogen-derived avirulence (Avr) proteins that are delivered to the host cytoplasm. Microbial Avr proteins usually function as virulence factors in compatible interactions; however, little is known about the types of metazoan proteins recognized by NB-LRR proteins and their relationship with virulence. In this report, we demonstrate that the secreted protein RBP-1 from the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida elicits defense responses, including cell death typical of a hypersensitive response (HR), through the NB-LRR protein Gpa2. Gp-Rbp-1 variants from G. pallida populations both virulent and avirulent to Gpa2 demonstrated a high degree of polymorphism, with positive selection detected at numerous sites. All Gp-RBP-1 protein variants from an avirulent population were recognized by Gpa2, whereas virulent populations possessed Gp-RBP-1 protein variants both recognized and non-recognized by Gpa2. Recognition of Gp-RBP-1 by Gpa2 correlated to a single amino acid polymorphism at position 187 in the Gp-RBP-1 SPRY domain. Gp-RBP-1 expressed from Potato virus X elicited Gpa2-mediated defenses that required Ran GTPase-activating protein 2 (RanGAP2), a protein known to interact with the Gpa2 N terminus. Tethering RanGAP2 and Gp-RBP-1 variants via fusion proteins resulted in an enhancement of Gpa2-mediated responses. However, activation of Gpa2 was still dependent on the recognition specificity conferred by amino acid 187 and the Gpa2 LRR domain. These results suggest a two-tiered process wherein RanGAP2 mediates an initial interaction with pathogen-delivered Gp-RBP-1 proteins but where the Gpa2 LRR determines which of these interactions will be productive

The SYBR Green I Malaria Drug Sensitivity Assay: Performance in Low Parasitemia Samples

Validation of the sensitivity of the SYBR Green I in vitro test against an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based drug sensitivity assay. Our results suggest that the SYBR Green I assay is a fast and inexpensive malaria drug screening assay for laboratory use. However, because of its lack of sensitivity in whole blood samples its usefulness for testing clinical samples may be limited

Underlying Psychophysiology of Dysregulation: Resting Heart Rate and Heart Rate Reactivity in Relation to Childhood Dysregulation

OBJECTIVE: High co-occurrence of externalizing and internalizing problems could underlie inconsistent findings regarding the relation between heart rate (HR) and psychopathology. In this study, HR measures were examined in relation to a general dysregulation profile studied from variable- and person-centered approaches. METHOD: The sample (N = 182) consisted of 8- to 12-year-old children referred for externalizing behaviors and typically developing children (mean age 9.70, SD 1.26; 75.8% boys). Resting HR (HRrest) was assessed during a 3-minute resting period. HR reactivity (HRreactivity) was assessed during an emotionally evoking go/no-go task. RESULTS: From a variable-centered approach, a bifactor model was fitted with a general factor of dysregulation underlying symptoms of anxiety/depression, aggression, and attention problems. HRrest was positively associated with dysregulation and specific aggression. From a person-centered approach, a latent profile analysis was used to identify different psychopathology classes: normative (n = 92), predominantly aggressive (n = 69), and dysregulated (n = 14). The latter was characterized by co-occurring increased levels of anxiety/depression, aggression, and attention problems. HRrest was increased in the predominantly aggressive class and HRreactivity was increased in the dysregulated class. CONCLUSION: High HRrest, or (trait-like) over-arousal, seems to be associated with dysregulation rather than uniquely associated with low externalizing or high internalizing symptomatology. In addition, HRrest predicted greater aggression and HRrest was increased in the predominantly aggressive class. High HRreactivity, or enhanced emotional reactivity, might be characteristic for a clinically relevant dysregulated subgroup. Assessment of HR could provide additional knowledge on individual differences that can help refine diagnostics and intervention efforts