The impact of national culture on the standardization versus adaptation of knowledge management

This paper examines the affect of national culture on knowledge management for multinational companies (MNCs). MNCs often have to decide whether to standardise or adapt their operations. Previous research has found that national culture has an effect in a range of MNC operations, e.g. human resources, marketing. However, there has been limited research on the influence of culture on knowledge management. We combine these perspectives to develop a conceptual framework that explores the decision to standardise or adapt knowledge management practices based on differences in national culture. The study extends current theoretical perspectives on knowledge management by exploring the cultural conditions that may lead to an adaptation decision, and whether there is a relationship between factors affecting a firm’s decision to standardise or adapt and the outcomes of knowledge management

PENDEKATAN ANALISIS RESIKO ATAS REZIM ANTI PENCUCIAN UANG DALAM RANCANGAN KUHP

Rezim pencucian uang dalam bingkai perkembangan tindak pidana khusus memberikan pemahaman dan perhatian khu.ws di dalam upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasannya. Rancangan Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Pidana dalam semangatnya untuk melakukan rekodifikasi, konsolidasi, dan pembangunan hukum yang komprehensif patut dianalisis berdasarkan pendekatan Risk Based Assessment Approach atas pengaturannya, yang lebih terkesan seperti kompilasi dibandingkan dengan semangat tersebut, dan bersifat ambigu dan ambivalen. Persoalan memasukkan jiwa khusus menjadi komponen umum dalam suatu tubuh harus memperhatikan pada costs of crime maupun risk based approach tersebut. Artikel ini akan menganalisis lebih mendalam mengenai upaya pembangunan rezim anti pencucian uang yang saat ini telah diupayakan dengan maksimal, namun berbanding terbalik dengan semangat pengaturan dalam Rancangan Undang Undang tentang Kitab Undang Undang Hukum Pidana (selanjutnya disingkat RKUHP) ini. Metode yang digunakan di dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah pendekatan penelitian hukum yuridis normatif atas perangkat peraturan hukum yang telah ada yaitu Undang Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang dan berbagai perangkat aturan hukum lainnya, dan RKUHP. Pada gilirannya RKUHP harus memperhatikan lebih mendalam adanya ketidaksiapan dilakukannya proses adaptasi atas pendekatan costs of crime and risk based approach apabila RKUHP tersebut mengabaikan perumusan norma, pertimbangan rasa kepastian, ketertiban, dan keadilan hukum tanpa mengabaikan cita hukum yang ingin dihadirkan sebuah karya perdana (master piece) dari bangsa Indonesia sendiri. Ketidakmampuan pemberian ruang pengaturan yang lebih spesifik dan luwes di dalam pengaturannya menyebabkan cita hukum dan semangat pembangunan rezim anti pencucian uang ini tidak maksimal, dan memunculkan kerentanan di dalam penegakannya

Lead Times - Their Behavior and the Impact on Planning and Control in Supply Chains

Lead times and their nature have received limited interest in literature despite their large impact on the performance and the management of supply chains. This paper presents a method and a case implementation of the same, to establish the behavior of real lead times in supply chains. The paper explores the behavior of lead times and illustrates how in one particular case they can and should be considered to be independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). The conclusion is also that the stochastic nature of the lead times contributes more to lead time demand variance than demand variance

New trends for metal complexes with anticancer activity

Medicinal inorganic chemistry can exploit the unique properties of metal ions for the design of new drugs. This has, for instance, led to the clinical application of chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment, such as cisplatin. The use of cisplatin is, however, severely limited by its toxic side-effects. This has spurred chemists to employ different strategies in the development of new metal-based anticancer agents with different mechanisms of action. Recent trends in the field are discussed in this review. These include the more selective delivery and/or activation of cisplatin-related prodrugs and the discovery of new non-covalent interactions with the classical target, DNA. The use of the metal as scaffold rather than reactive centre and the departure from the cisplatin paradigm of activity towards a more targeted, cancer cell-specific approach, a major trend, are discussed as well. All this, together with the observation that some of the new drugs are organometallic complexes, illustrates that exciting times lie ahead for those interested in ‘metals in medicine

Improving Indel Detection Specificity of the Ion Torrent PGM Benchtop Sequencer

10.1371/journal.pone.0045798PLoS ONE79

Electrically pumped continuous-wave O-band quantum-dot superluminescent diode on silicon

High-power, broadband quantum-dot (QD) superluminescent diodes (SLDs) are ideal light sources for optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging systems but have previously mainly been fabricated on native GaAs- or InP-based substrates. Recently, significant progress has been made to emigrate QD SLDs from native substrates to silicon substrates. Here, we demonstrate electrically pumped continuous-wave InAs QD SLDs monolithically grown on silicon substrates with significantly improved performance thanks to the achievement of a low density of defects in the III-V epilayers. The fabricated narrow-ridge-waveguide device exhibits a maximum 3 dB bandwidth of 103 nm emission spectrum centered at the O-band together with a maximum single facet output power of 3.8 mW at room temperature. The silicon-based SLD has been assessed for application in an OCT system. Under optimized conditions, a predicted axial resolution of ∼5.3µm is achieved with a corresponding output power of 0.66 mW/facet

Structural Change and Convergence of Energy Intensity across OECD Countries, 1970-2005

This paper uses new and unique data derived from a consistent framework of national accounts to compute and evaluate energy intensity developments across 18 OECD countries and 50 sectors over the period 1970-2005. We find that across countries energy intensity levels tend to decrease in most Manufacturing sectors. In the Service sector, energy intensity decreases at a relatively slow rate, with diverse trends across sub-sectors. A decomposition analysis reveals that changes in the sectoral composition of the economy explain a considerable and increasing part of aggregate energy intensity dynamics. A convergence analysis reveals that only after 1995 cross-country variation in aggregate energy intensity levels clearly tends to decrease, driven by a strong and robust trend break in Manufacturing and enhanced convergence in Services. Moreover, we find evidence for the hypothesis that across sectors lagging countries are catching-up with leading countries, with rates of convergence that are on average higher in Services than in Manufacturing. Aggregate convergence patterns are almost exclusively caused by convergence of within-sector energy intensity levels, and not by convergence of the sectoral composition of economies. © 2012 Elsevier B.V

Cabaran dan inisiatif usahawan pelancongan skala Mikro dalam menghadapi pandemik Covid-19 di daerah Ranau, Sabah

Pelancongan boleh dikatakan salah satu alternatif sektor industri yang menyumbang pendapatan keada Negara Malaysia serta berkeupayaan untuk memperkenalkan sesuatu tempat menarik yang tersorok di sesuatu tempat sehingga ke peringkat dunia. Secara tidak langsung, keadaan ini mampu mengurangkan jurang kemiskinan dalam kalangan penduduk tempatan. Kajian penyelidikan ini dijalankan adalah bertujuan untuk mengkaji inisiatif usahawan pelancongan skala mikro dalam menanganinya di Daerah Ranau, Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif iaitu melalui kaedah temu bual. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa dalam kalangan pengusaha pelancongan mikro di daerah Ranau mendapati kebanyakkan daripada mereka amat terkesan dengan Pandemik COVID-19 ini. Di samping itu, kajian ini juga berjaya mengumpul dan menemukan beberapa dapatan penting berhubung dengan cabaran-cabaran serta inisiatif-inisiatif yang perlu dihadapi oleh usahawan pelancongan skala mikro dalam menangani pandemik COVID-19 di Daerah Ranau, Sabah. Kesimpulannya, walaupun pelbagai kekangan yang perlu dihadapi oleh penyelidk, namun penyelidik tidak putus asa terutama dalam mendapatkan informan-informan yang sudi untuk ditemubual secara online oleh penyelidik