Perfis nutricionais e lipídicos dos músculos dorsal e ventral em pirarucus selvagens

The objective of this work was to analyze the proximate and fatty acid composition of the dorsal and ventral muscles of wild pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) captured from a Brazilian Amazonian lake. Dorsal and ventral muscles were dissected out, freeze-dried, vacuum-packed, and had the proximate and fatty acid composition analyzed. Ash, total proteins, and lipids were inversely proportional to moisture and had higher levels in the ventral muscles. Twenty-seven fatty acids were quantified in both muscles without significant differences between them, except for the heneicosylic, palmitoleic, γ-linolenic, and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant in both muscles. The eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were quantitatively similar: 9.25 (dorsal) to 10.14 (ventral) and 8.50 (dorsal) to 10.63 (ventral) mg g-1 of total lipids, respectively. The EPA+DHA content of the dorsal and ventral muscles were 113.25 and 165.78 mg 100 g-1, respectively. The ratios of polyunsaturated/saturated (0.54 and 0.59 for the dorsal and ventral muscles, respectively), n-3/n-6 (0.20 and 0.21), and hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (1.41 and 1.45) ratios, as well as the atherogenicity (0.59 and 0.53) and thrombogenicity (1.02 and 0.94) indices, indicate that pirarucu muscle is a good dietary source of EPA+DHA, and its nutritional lipid quality can be beneficial for human health.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição proximal e de ácidos graxos dos músculos dorsal e ventral em pirarucus (Arapaima gigas) selvagens, capturados em um lago amazônico brasileiro. Os músculos dorsal e ventral foram dissecados, liofilizados, embalados a vácuo, e sua composição proximal e de ácidos graxos foram analisadas. Cinzas, proteínas totais e lipídeos foram inversamente proporcionais à umidade e apresentaram teores maiores no músculo ventral. Foram quantificados 27 ácidos graxos em ambos os músculos sem diferença significativa entre eles, exceto para os ácidos heneicosílico, palmitoleico, γ-linolênico e dihomo- γ-linolênico. Ácidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados predominaram em ambos os músculos. O ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e o docosahexaenoico (DHA) foram quantitativamente similares 9,25 (dorsal) a 10,14 (ventral) e 8,50 (dorsal) a 10,63 (ventral) mg g-1 do total de lipídeos, respectivamente. O conteúdo de EPA+DHA nos músculos dorsal e ventral foi 113,25 e 165,78 mg 100 g-1, respectivamente. A proporção de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados/saturados (0,54 e 0,59 para os músculos dorsal e ventral, respectivamente), n-3/n-6 (0,20 e 0,21) e hipocolesterolêmicos/hipercolesterolêmicos (1,41 e 1,45), assim como os índices de aterogenicidade (0,59 e 0,53) e trombogenicidade (1,02 e 0,94), indicam que o músculo do pirarucu pode ser considerado uma boa fonte dietética de EPA+DHA, e a qualidade nutricional de seus lipídios pode ser benéfica para a saúde humana

Assistência de enfermagem a paciente com diabetes mellitus gestacional: uma revisão de literatura

The aim was to analyze the evidence in the literature about nursing care in Primary Care for patients who had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. This is an integrative literature review, the selected databases were: PubMed, SciELO and the VHL database platform. The following descriptors were used: Diabetes, Gestational; Nursing Care; Primary Health Care and Public Health. The research resulted in 325 works, after reading only 11 articles were selected, which were classified into four categories, namely: Understanding the potential of care; identifying the factors that affect the results; Capacity building/training/knowledge; Weaknesses of care. It is concluded that the management of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus in Primary Care becomes extremely relevant for reducing maternal-fetal complications as well as for decreasing the incidence of progression to type 2 diabetes.Objetivou-se analisar as evidências na literatura sobre a assistência de enfermagem na Atenção Básica a paciente que apresentaram o Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, as bases de dados selecionadas foram: PubMed, SciELO e a plataforma de base de dados BVS. Os seguintes descritores foram utilizados: Diabetes, Gestational; Nursing Care; Primary Health Care e Public Health. Resultou-se das pesquisas 325 obras, após a leitura foram selecionados apenas 11 artigos, que foram classificados em quatro categoria, são elas: Compreendendo as potencialidades do cuidado; identificando os fatores que interferem nos resultados; Capacitação/treinamento/conhecimento; Fragilidades do cuidado.  Conclui-se que o manejo em pacientes com diabetes mellitus gestacional na Atenção Básica torna-se extremamente relevante para a diminuição das complicações materno-fetais como também na diminuição da incidência da progressão para a diabetes tipo 2

Assistência de enfermagem a paciente com diabetes mellitus gestacional: uma revisão de literatura

The aim was to analyze the evidence in the literature about nursing care in Primary Care for patients who had Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. This is an integrative literature review, the selected databases were: PubMed, SciELO and the VHL database platform. The following descriptors were used: Diabetes, Gestational; Nursing Care; Primary Health Care and Public Health. The research resulted in 325 works, after reading only 11 articles were selected, which were classified into four categories, namely: Understanding the potential of care; identifying the factors that affect the results; Capacity building/training/knowledge; Weaknesses of care. It is concluded that the management of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus in Primary Care becomes extremely relevant for reducing maternal-fetal complications as well as for decreasing the incidence of progression to type 2 diabetes.Objetivou-se analisar as evidências na literatura sobre a assistência de enfermagem na Atenção Básica a paciente que apresentaram o Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, as bases de dados selecionadas foram: PubMed, SciELO e a plataforma de base de dados BVS. Os seguintes descritores foram utilizados: Diabetes, Gestational; Nursing Care; Primary Health Care e Public Health. Resultou-se das pesquisas 325 obras, após a leitura foram selecionados apenas 11 artigos, que foram classificados em quatro categoria, são elas: Compreendendo as potencialidades do cuidado; identificando os fatores que interferem nos resultados; Capacitação/treinamento/conhecimento; Fragilidades do cuidado.  Conclui-se que o manejo em pacientes com diabetes mellitus gestacional na Atenção Básica torna-se extremamente relevante para a diminuição das complicações materno-fetais como também na diminuição da incidência da progressão para a diabetes tipo 2

Oral implant osseointegration model in C57Bl/6 mice: microtomographic, histological, histomorphometric and molecular characterization

Despite the successful clinical application of titanium (Ti) as a biomaterial, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for Ti osseointegration remains unclear, especially because of the limited methodological tools available in this field. Objective: In this study, we present a microscopic and molecular characterization of an oral implant osseointegration model using C57Bl/6 mice. Material and Methods: Forty-eight male wild-type mice received a Ti implant on the edentulous alveolar crest and the peri-implant sites were evaluated through microscopic (μCT, histological and birefringence) and molecular (RealTimePCRarray) analysis in different points in time after surgery (3, 7, 14 and 21 days). Results: The early stages of osseointegration were marked by an increased expression of growth factors and MSC markers. Subsequently, a provisional granulation tissue was formed, with high expression of VEGFb and earlier osteogenic markers (BMPs, ALP and Runx2). The immune/inflammatory phase was evidenced by an increased density of inflammatory cells, and high expression of cytokines (TNF, IL6, IL1) chemokines (CXCL3, CCL2, CCL5 and CXC3CL1) and chemokine receptors (CCR2 and CCR5). Also, iNOS expression remained low, while ARG1 was upregulated, indicating predominance of a M2-type response. At later points in time, the bone matrix density and volume were increased, in agreement with a high expression of Col1a1 and Col21a2. The remodelling process was marked by peaks of MMPs, RANKL and OPG expression at 14 days, and an increased density of osteoclasts. At 21 days, intimate Ti/bone contact was observed, with expression of final osteoblast differentiation markers (PHEX, SOST), as well as red spectrum collagen fibers. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a unique molecular view of oral osseointegration kinetics in C57Bl/6 mice, evidencing potential elements responsible for orchestrating cell migration, proliferation, ECM deposition and maturation, angiogenesis, bone formation and remodeling at the bone-implant interface in parallel with a novel microscopic analysis

Microtomographic, histomorphometric, and molecular features show a normal alveolar bone healing process in iNOS-deficient mice along a compensatory upregulation of eNOS and nNOS isoforms

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which is an important signaling molecule with effects on blood vessels, leukocytes, and bone cells. However, the role of iNOS in alveolar bone healing remains unclear. This study investigated the role of iNOS in alveolar bone healing after tooth extraction in mice. Methodology: C57Bl/6 wild type (WT) and iNOS genetically deficient (iNOS-KO) mice were subjected to upper incision tooth extraction, and alveolar bone healing was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) and histological/histomorphometric, birefringence, and molecular methods. Results: The expression of iNOS had very low control conditions, whereas a significant increase is observed in healing sites of WT mice, where iNOS mRNA levels peak at 7d time point, followed by a relative decrease at 14d and 21d. Regarding bone healing, both WT and iNOS-KO groups showed the usual phases characterized by the presence of clots, granulation tissue development along the inflammatory cell infiltration, angiogenesis, proliferation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix synthesis, bone neoformation, and remodeling. The overall micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric and birefringence analyses showed similar bone healing readouts when WT and iNOS-KO strains are compared. Likewise, Real-Time PCR array analysis shows an overall similar gene expression pattern (including bone formation, bone resorption, and inflammatory and immunological markers) in healing sites of WT and iNOS-KO mice. Moreover, molecular analysis shows that nNOS and eNOS were significantly upregulated in the iNOS-KO group, suggesting that other NOS isoforms could compensate the absence of iNOS. Conclusion: The absence of iNOS does not result in a significant modulation of bone healing readouts in iNOS-KO mice. The upregulation of nNOS and eNOS may compensate iNOS absence, explaining the similar bone healing outcome in WT and iNOS-KO strains

Nutritional and lipid profiles of the dorsal and ventral muscles of wild pirarucu

The objective of this work was to analyze the proximate and fatty acid composition of the dorsal and ventral muscles of wild pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) captured from a Brazilian Amazonian lake. Dorsal and ventral muscles were dissected out, freeze-dried, vacuum-packed, and had the proximate and fatty acid composition analyzed. Ash, total proteins, and lipids were inversely proportional to moisture and had higher levels in the ventral muscles. Twenty-seven fatty acids were quantified in both muscles without significant differences between them, except for the heneicosylic, palmitoleic, γ-linolenic, and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant in both muscles. The eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were quantitatively similar: 9.25 (dorsal) to 10.14 (ventral) and 8.50 (dorsal) to 10.63 (ventral) mg g-1 of total lipids, respectively. The EPA+DHA content of the dorsal and ventral muscles were 113.25 and 165.78 mg 100 g-1, respectively. The ratios of polyunsaturated/saturated (0.54 and 0.59 for the dorsal and ventral muscles, respectively), n-3/n-6 (0.20 and 0.21), and hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (1.41 and 1.45) ratios, as well as the atherogenicity (0.59 and 0.53) and thrombogenicity (1.02 and 0.94) indices, indicate that pirarucu muscle is a good dietary source of EPA+DHA, and its nutritional lipid quality can be beneficial for human health

Perfis nutricionais e lipídicos dos músculos dorsal e ventral em pirarucus selvagens

The objective of this work was to analyze the proximate and fatty acid composition of the dorsal and ventral muscles of wild pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) captured from a Brazilian Amazonian lake. Dorsal and ventral muscles were dissected out, freeze-dried, vacuum-packed, and had the proximate and fatty acid composition analyzed. Ash, total proteins, and lipids were inversely proportional to moisture and had higher levels in the ventral muscles. Twenty-seven fatty acids were quantified in both muscles without significant differences between them, except for the heneicosylic, palmitoleic, γ-linolenic, and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were predominant in both muscles. The eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were quantitatively similar: 9.25 (dorsal) to 10.14 (ventral) and 8.50 (dorsal) to 10.63 (ventral) mg g-1 of total lipids, respectively. The EPA+DHA content of the dorsal and ventral muscles were 113.25 and 165.78 mg 100 g-1, respectively. The ratios of polyunsaturated/saturated (0.54 and 0.59 for the dorsal and ventral muscles, respectively), n-3/n-6 (0.20 and 0.21), and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (1.41 and 1.45) ratios, as well as the atherogenicity (0.59 and 0.53) and thrombogenicity (1.02 and 0.94) indices, indicate that pirarucu muscle is a good dietary source of EPA+DHA, and its nutritional lipid quality can be beneficial for human health.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição proximal e de ácidos graxos dos músculos dorsal e ventral em pirarucus (Arapaima gigas) selvagens, capturados em um lago amazônico brasileiro. Os músculos dorsal e ventral foram dissecados, liofilizados, embalados a vácuo, e sua composição proximal e de ácidos graxos foram analisadas. Cinzas, proteínas totais e lipídeos foram inversamente proporcionais à umidade e apresentaram teores maiores no músculo ventral. Foram quantificados 27 ácidos graxos em ambos os músculos sem diferença significativa entre eles, exceto para os ácidos heneicosílico, palmitoleico, γ-linolênico e dihomo-γ-linolênico. Ácidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados predominaram em ambos os músculos. O ácido eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e o docosahexaenoico (DHA) foram quantitativamente similares 9,25 (dorsal) a 10,14 (ventral) e 8,50 (dorsal) a 10,63 (ventral) mg g-1 do total de lipídeos, respectivamente. O conteúdo de EPA+DHA nos músculos dorsal e ventral foi 113,25 e 165,78 mg 100 g-1, respectivamente. A proporção de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados/ saturados (0,54 e 0,59 para os músculos dorsal e ventral, respectivamente), n-3/n-6 (0,20 e 0,21) e hipocolesterolêmicos/ hipercolesterolêmicos (1,41 e 1,45), assim como os índices de aterogenicidade (0,59 e 0,53) e trombogenicidade (1,02 e 0,94), indicam que o músculo do pirarucu pode ser considerado uma boa fonte dietética de EPA+DHA, e a qualidade nutricional de seus lipídios pode ser benéfica para a saúde humana

HGMB1 and RAGE as Essential Components of Ti Osseointegration Process in Mice

The release of the prototypic DAMP High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) into extracellular environment and its binding to the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) has been described to trigger sterile inflammation and regulate healing outcome. However, their role on host response to Ti-based biomaterials and in the subsequent osseointegration remains unexplored. In this study, HMGB1 and RAGE inhibition in the Ti-mediated osseointegration were investigated in C57Bl/6 mice. C57Bl/6 mice received a Ti-device implantation (Ti-screw in the edentulous alveolar crest and a Ti-disc in the subcutaneous tissue) and were evaluated by microscopic (microCT [bone] and histology [bone and subcutaneous]) and molecular methods (ELISA, PCR array) during 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Mice were divided into 4 groups: Control (no treatment); GZA (IP injection of Glycyrrhizic Acid for HMGB1 inhibition, 4 mg/Kg/day); RAP (IP injection of RAGE Antagonistic Peptide, 4 mg/Kg/day), and vehicle controls (1.5% DMSO solution for GZA and 0.9% saline solution for RAP); treatments were given at all experimental time points, starting 1 day before surgeries. HMGB1 was detected in the Ti-implantation sites, adsorbed to the screws/discs. In Control and vehicle groups, osseointegration was characterized by a slight inflammatory response at early time points, followed by a gradual bone apposition and matrix maturation at late time points. The inhibition of HMGB1 or RAGE impaired the osseointegration, affecting the dynamics of mineralized and organic bone matrix, and resulting in a foreign body reaction, with persistence of macrophages, necrotic bone, and foreign body giant cells until later time points. While Control samples were characterized by a balance between M1 and M2-type response in bone and subcutaneous sites of implantation, and also MSC markers, the inhibition of HMGB1 or RAGE caused a higher expression M1 markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well chemokines and receptors for macrophage migration until later time points. In conclusion, HMGB1 and RAGE have a marked role in the osseointegration, evidenced by their influence on host inflammatory immune response, which includes macrophages migration and M1/M2 response, MSC markers expression, which collectively modulate bone matrix deposition and osseointegration outcome