3 research outputs found

    Anatomical Correlates of Working Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia

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    La meĢmoire de travail ā€” cā€™est-aĢ€-dire la capaciteĢ limiteĢe de retenir et de manipuler temporairement lā€™information ā€” est un deĢficit cognitif central en schizophreĢnie. La perturbation de cette fonction posseĢ€de un fort impact dans la vie quotidienne des patients. Des travaux reĢcents de notre laboratoire ont pu mettre en eĢvidence que ces troubles de meĢmoire de travail ne sont pas homogeĢ€nes et que certains processus sont plus perturbeĢs que dā€™autres. Par exemple, une meĢta-analyse du laboratoire a deĢmontreĢ que lā€™encodage volontaire dā€™information est une des fonctions speĢcifiquement affecteĢe en schizophreĢnie (Grot, Potvin et al. 2014). Plus speĢcifiquement, lā€™association volontaire dā€™informations distinctes en un ensemble coheĢrent (par exemple, un objet et sa position spatiale) est deĢficitaire chez les patients. Ce deĢficit speĢcifique est notamment sous-tendu par une hypoactivation du cortex preĢfrontal et parieĢtal chez les patients (Grot, LeĢgareĢ et al. 2017). Ces deux reĢgions sont lieĢes aĢ€ lā€™attention, aĢ€ la manipulation dā€™information, et aux strateĢgies dā€™encodage, ce qui confeĢ€re lā€™habiliteĢ et la flexibiliteĢ neĢcessaire aĢ€ la meĢmoire de travail (Kane and Engle2002, Baddeley2003). Il est inteĢressant de noter que de nombreuses eĢtudes rapportent aussi une reĢduction de lā€™eĢpaisseur corticale de ces reĢgions chez les patients, ainsi quā€™une alteĢration des fibres blanches les interconnectant (Goldman, Pezawas et al. 2009). En ce sens, notre eĢtude a montreĢ quā€™une modification anatomique du reĢseau preĢfrontal-parieĢtal pourrait expliquer le deĢficit speĢcifique de meĢmoire de travail en schizophreĢnie. Plus speĢcifiquement, la lateĢralisation gauche de ce reĢseau serait atteĢnueĢe en schizophreĢnie, et engendrerait le deĢficit observeĢ en meĢmoire de travail.Working memory, which is the limited capacity to temporarily maintain and manipulate information, is a core cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. This impairment has a strong impact on the daily lives of patients. A previous study of our laboratory observed that working memory deficits are not homogeneous and that some processes are more disturbed than others (Grot, Potvin et al., 2014). This was supported by a subsequent study, which showed that the voluntary association of distinct information into a coherent whole (i.e. an object and its spatial position) was specifically impaired in patients with schizophrenia (Grot, LeĢgareĢ et al., 2017). This specific deficit, which is referred to as active binding, is underpinned by a hypoactivation of the left prefrontal and parietal cortex in patients (Grot, LeĢgareĢ et al., 2017). These two regions are related to attentional processes, manipulation, and encoding strategies, which confer the skills and flexibility required for working memory (Kane and Engle 2002, Baddeley 2003). Interestingly, numerous studies report a cortical thickness reduction in these regions, as well as an alteration of the white fibres interconnecting them in patients with schizophrenia (Goldman, Pezawas et al., 2009). Accordingly, our study showed that anatomical modifications of this network could underpin the specific active binding deficit observed in schizophrenia patients. More specifically, a reduced leftward lateralization of the prefrontal-parietal network could contribute to this specific working memory deficit in patients

    Exploring the alternative: fish, flies and worms as preclinical models for ALS

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