Всяко n-мерно сепарабелно метрично пространство съдържа напълно несвързано (n − 1)-мерно подмножество с едноточкови квазикомпоненти

Владимир Тодоров, Петър Стоев - Тази бележка съдържа елементарна конструкция на множество с указаните в заглавието свойства. Да отбележим в допълнение, че така полученото множество остава напълно несвързано дори и след като се допълни с краен брой елементи.The quasi-component Q(x) of a point x of a topological space X is by definition the intersection of all open and closed subsets of X, every one of which contains x. If a quasi-component consists of more than one point, it is called a true quasi-component. In this note we give a simple construction of (at least) (n − 1)-dimensional totally disconnected subspace Y of a given n-dimensional separable metric space X such that every quasi-component in Y is a single point. *2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 17C55

Impact of Exchange Rate Regimes and Euro Area Membership on the Economic Growth of the New Member States from Central and Eastern Europe

The goal of this paper is to study the effects of exchange rate arrangements and euro area (EA) membership on the economic growth of ten new member states (NMS) from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), which joined the European Union (EU) in 2004 and 2007 – the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria and Romania. Croatia is excluded from the analysis since it became a EU member relatively late - in 2013. A vector autoregression (VAR) of annual data for the period 2007-2017 is employed. The empirical results provide statistical evidence that flexible exchange rates and EA membership favor the economic growth of the NMS from CEE

VV-hemorphin-5 association to lipid bilayers and alterations of membrane bending rigidity

The morphinomimetic properties of hemorphins are intensively studied with regard to new peptide drug developments. In this respect, the investigation of mechanical properties and stability of lipid membranes provides a useful background for advancement in pharmacological applications of liposomes. Here we probed the effect of the endogenous heptapeptide VV-hemorphin-5 (valorphin) on the bending elasticity of biomimetic lipid membranes of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) by analysis of thermal shape fluctuations of nearly spherical giant unilamellar vesicles. In a wide concentration range covering valorphin concentrations applied in nociceptive screening in vivo, we report alterations of the bilayer bending rigidity in a concentration-dependent non-monotonic manner. We performed quantitative characterization of VV-hemorphin-5 association to POPC membranes by isothermal titration calorimetry in order to shed light on the partitioning of the amphiphilic hemorphin between the aqueous solution and membranes. The calorimetric results correlate with flicker spectroscopy findings and support the hypothesis about the strength of valorphin-membrane interaction related to the peptide bulk concentration. A higher strength of valorphin interaction with the bilayer corresponds to a more pronounced effect of the peptide on the membrane's mechanical properties. The presented study features the comprehensive analysis of membrane bending elasticity as a biomarker for physicochemical effects of peptides on lipid bilayers. The reported data on thermodynamic parameters of valorphin interactions with phosphatidylcholine bilayers and alterations of their mechanical properties is expected to be useful for applications of lipid membrane systems in pharmacology and biomedicine

Ammonium hydrogen (RS)-[(5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)meth­yl]phospho­nate

In the title compound, NH4 +·C5H9NO5P−, the five-membered methyl­oxazolidin-2-one unit is disordered over two positions, the major component having a site occupancy of 0.832 (9). A three-dimensional network of O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds stabilizes the crystal structure

Investigations for Development of Structures for Control of Fog Contaminations

Characterization of fogs is an important problem that does not have a good solution in real conditions. To investigate this problem, we chose the electromagnetic echo effect (EMEE) because it offers several advantages measurements are fast, accurate and can be contactless. Various concepts for the detection of impurities in the composition of fogs by implementing the EMEE were considered. An overview was made of the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methods. An experimental setup was designed to conduct studies regarding the development of sensors for the control of fog contaminations. It has been experimentally proven that a change in the generated EMEE signal is observed when a change in the composition of the fog is present. The signal is also influenced by various conditions, e.g. solid interaction efficiency and laser beam intensity, modulation frequency, etc. Those parameters were optimized properly to achieve high sensitivity and accuracy. Research results indicate the possibility to use them for the detection of CBRN agents

GWAS of random glucose in 476,326 individuals provide insights into diabetes pathophysiology, complications and treatment stratification

Conventional measurements of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) cannot capture the effects of DNA variability on ‘around the clock’ glucoregulatory processes. Here we show that GWAS meta-analysis of glucose measurements under nonstandardized conditions (random glucose (RG)) in 476,326 individuals of diverse ancestries and without diabetes enables locus discovery and innovative pathophysiological observations. We discovered 120 RG loci represented by 150 distinct signals, including 13 with sex-dimorphic effects, two cross-ancestry and seven rare frequency signals. Of these, 44 loci are new for glycemic traits. Regulatory, glycosylation and metagenomic annotations highlight ileum and colon tissues, indicating an underappreciated role of the gastrointestinal tract in controlling blood glucose. Functional follow-up and molecular dynamics simulations of lower frequency coding variants in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), a type 2 diabetes treatment target, reveal that optimal selection of GLP-1R agonist therapy will benefit from tailored genetic stratification. We also provide evidence from Mendelian randomization that lung function is modulated by blood glucose and that pulmonary dysfunction is a diabetes complication. Our investigation yields new insights into the biology of glucose regulation, diabetes complications and pathways for treatment stratification