When equity matters for marital stability: Comparing German and U.S. couples

none3siComparing West Germany and the U.S., we analyze the association between equity—in terms of the relative gender division of paid and unpaid work hours—and the risk of marriage dissolution. Our aim is to identify under what conditions equity influences couple stability. We apply event-history analysis to marriage histories using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for West Germany and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the U.S. for the period 1986–2009/10. For the U.S., we find that deviation from equity is particularly destabilizing when the wife underbenefits, especially when both partners’ paid work hours are similar. In West Germany, equity is less salient. Instead, we find that the male breadwinner model remains the single most stable couple arrangement.mixedBellani D.; Esping Andersen G.; Pessin L.Bellani D.; Esping Andersen G.; Pessin L

Dynamin Is Functionally Coupled to Insulin Granule Exocytosis

The insulin granule integral membrane protein marker phogrin-green fluorescent protein was co-localized with insulin in Min6B1 beta-cell secretory granules but did not undergo plasma membrane translocation following glucose stimulation. Surprisingly, although expression of a dominant-interfering dynamin mutant (Dyn/K44A) inhibited transferrin receptor endocytosis, it had no effect on phogringreen fluorescent protein localization in the basal or secretagogue-stimulated state. By contrast, co-expression of Dyn/K44A with human growth hormone as an insulin secretory marker resulted in a marked inhibition of human growth hormone release by glucose, KCl, and a combination of multiple secretagogues. Moreover, serial pulse depolarization stimulated an increase in cell surface capacitance that was also blocked in cells expressing Dyn/K44A. Similarly, small interference RNA-mediated knockdown of dynamin resulted in marked inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, these data suggest the presence of a selective kiss and run mechanism of insulin release. Moreover, these data indicate a coupling between endocytosis and exocytosis in the regulation of beta-cell insulin secretion

Regulation of pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion by actin cytoskeleton remodelling: role of gelsolin and cooperation with the MAPK signalling pathway

We have previously isolated two MIN6 beta-cell sublines, B1, highly responsive to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and C3, markedly refractory (Lilla, V., Webb, G., Rickenbach, K., Maturana, A., Steiner, D. F., Halban, P. A. and Irminger, J. C. (2003) Endocrinology 144, 1368-1379). We now demonstrate that C3 cells have substantially increased amounts of F-actin stress fibres whereas B1 cells have shorter cortical F-actin. Consistent with these data, B1 cells display glucose-dependent actin remodelling whereas, in C3 cells, F-actin is refractory to this secretagogue. Furthermore, F-actin depolymerisation with latrunculin B restores glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in C3 cells. In parallel, glucose-stimulated ERK1/2 activation is greater in B1 than in C3 cells, and is potentiated in both sublines following F-actin depolymerisation. Glucose-activated phosphoERK1/2 accumulates at actin filament tips adjacent to the plasma membrane, indicating that these are the main sites of action for this kinase during insulin secretion. In addition, B1 cell expression of the calcium-dependent F-actin severing protein gelsolin is >100-fold higher than that of C3 cells. Knock-down of gelsolin reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas gelsolin over-expression potentiated secretion from B1 cells. Gelsolin localised along depolymerised actin fibres after glucose stimulation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that F-actin reorganization prior to insulin secretion requires gelsolin and plays a role in the glucose-dependent MAPK signal transduction that regulates beta-cell insulin secretion

The Influence of Anhedonic Symptom Severity on dmPFC Connectivity in PTSD

This study examined resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex ( dmPFC ) as a function of anhedonia in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results showed that anhedonia positively correlated with hyperconnectivity between the dmPFC and the left retrosplenial cortex. These findings support that anhedonia is associated with increased rsFC within the default mode network (DMN) for PTSD

NCS-1 Inhibits insulin stimulated GLUT4 translocation in 3T3L1 adipocytes through a phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase dependent pathway

Expression of NCS-1 (neuronal calcium sensor-1, also termed frequenin) in 3T3L1 adipocytes strongly inhibited insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 and insulin-responsive aminopeptidase. The effect of NCS-1 was specific for GLUT4 and the insulin-responsive aminopeptidase translocation as there was no effect on the trafficking of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor or the GLUT1 glucose transporter isoform. Moreover, NCS-1 showed partial colocalization with GLUT4-EGFP in the perinuclear region. The inhibitory action of NCS-1 was independent of calcium sequestration since neither treatment with ionomycin nor endothelin-1, both of which elevated the intracellular calcium concentration, restored insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Furthermore, NCS-1 did not alter the insulin-stimulated protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) phosphorylation or the recruitment of Cbl to the plasma membrane. In contrast, expression of the NCS-1 effector phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI 4-kinase) inhibited insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation, whereas co-transfection with an inactive PI 4-kinase mutant prevented the NCS-1-induced inhibition. These data demonstrate that PI 4-kinase functions to negatively regulate GLUT4 translocation through its interaction with NCS-1

Towards Safer Industrial Serial Networks: An Expert System Framework for Anomaly Detection

Cyber security is a topic of increasing relevance in relation to industrial networks. The higher intensity and intelligent use of data pushed by smart technology (Industry 4.0) together with an augmented integration between the operational technology (production) and the information technology (business) parts of the network have considerably raised the level of vulnerabilities. On the other hand, many industrial facilities still use serial networks as underlying communication system, and they are notoriously limited from a cyber security perspective since protection mechanisms available for TCP/IP communication do not apply. Therefore, an attacker gaining access to a serial network can easily control the industrial components, potentially causing catastrophic incidents, jeopardizing assets and human lives. This study proposes a framework to act as an anomaly detection system (ADS) for industrial serial networks. It has three ingredients: an unsupervised K-means component to analyse message content, a knowledge-based expert system component to analyse message metadata, and a voting process to generate alerts for security incidents, anomalous states, and faults. The framework was evaluated using the Profibus-DP, a network simulator which implements a serial bus system. Results for the simulated traffic were promising: 99.90% for accuracy, 99,64% for precision, and 99.28% for F1-Score. They indicate feasibility of the framework applied to serial-based industrial networks

Non-IP Industrial Networks: An Agnostic Anomaly Detection System

This paper describes a system to detect anomalies in non-IP (Internet Protocol) industrial networks on Industrial Control Systems (ICS). Non-IP industrial networks are widely applied in ICS to connect sensors and actuators to control systems or business networks. They were designed to be in an air-gapped security environment and therefore contain almost no cyber security features and are vulnerable to various attacks. Even though they are part of the communication layers, a few external cyber security controls are applied in this crucial tier. As an extension of the work by De Moura et al. (2021), this study proposes and tests the proof-of-concept of an agnostic anomaly detection system (AADS) to detect anomalies on any non-IP industrial network (e.g., DeviceNet, CANBus) as an additional cyber security measure working at the physical network layer. The proof-of-concept is comprised of three modules, including hardware and software components: data gathering (sniffer), parser, and detection. Testing the proof-of-concept in an industrial lab network (i.e., a Profibus-DP lab network) showed the proposal's feasibility with a detection rate above 99% (overall accuracy: 99.59%; F1-Score: 99.18%)

Flight distance and homing ability of Melipona fasciculata assessed by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).

IUSSI 2018