Discapacidad y medios de comunicación; entre la información y el estereotipo

La discapacidad ha dado en España un paso significativo hacia delante durante la última década. El compromiso de las instituciones, la existencia de una legislación específica y la progresiva vertebración del colectivo a través de un incipiente movimiento social ha posibilitado la conducción de sus demandas hasta los círculos donde se producen las tomas de decisiones y su aparición entre las noticias de actualidad de los distintos medios de comunicación. La superación de un formato periodístico caduco para la discapacidad, basado en el estereotipo y fáciles generalizaciones, es el gran reto del colectivo en estos momentos en su relación con los medios.The disability has given forward in Spain a significant sep during the last decade. The commitment of the public institutions, the existence of a specific legislation and the progressive organization of the disabled community through an incipient social movement have facilitated the conduction of their demands until the circles where the taking of decisions and their appearance take place among the news of present time of the different mass media. The overcome of a journalistic format expires for the disability, based on the stereotype and easy generalizations it is the great challenge of the community in these moment in its relationship whit the mass media

Anàlisi comparativa de dues traduccions hispàniques (catalana i castellana) de la Historia destructionis Troiae de Guido delle Colonne

Ofrecemos en este trabajo un estudio comparativo de dos traducciones de la Historia destructionis Troiae (1287) de Guido delle Colonne, una de las obras de materia troyana más divulgadas por Europa durante el periodo medieval. La primera es la traducción catalana, las Històries troianes (1367-1374) de Jaume Conesa, protonotario de Pedro IV de Aragón. La segunda, el Libro de la historia troyana, la traducción castellana (1443) de Pedro de Chinchilla, secretario del conde de Benavente. El análisis se centra en el método, los procedimientos técnicos y los errores de estas dos versiones, representativas de dos momentos clave en la historia de la traducción peninsular: el entorno de la Cancillería real catalana en el siglo XIV y las traducciones promovidas en el S. XV por el interés de la nobleza por la historia clásica como fuente de aprendizaje y modelo de comportamiento.In this paper we offer a comparative research about two translations of Historia destructionis Troiae (1287) by Guido delle Colonne, one of the most disseminated books about the Matter of Troy throughout Europe in the Middle Ages. The first one is the Catalan translation (1367-1374), the Històries troianes by Jaume Conesa, an officer in the court of Peter IV of Aragon. The second one is the Libro de la historia troyana, the Spanish translation (1443) by Pedro de Chinchilla, the secretary of Count of Benavente. Our analysis is focused on method, technical procedures and mistakes in these two versions, which represent two key moments in the history of translation in the Iberian Peninsula: the environment of the Catalonian Cancelleria Reial in the XIV century and the translations stimulated during the XV century by the interest of the nobility in classical history as a source of learning and a model of behaviour.Aquest treball s’ha dut a terme en el projecte d’investigació HUM2007-61471(«Retazos de cultura escrita. Fragmentos y membra disiecta de códices en Cataluña»), del Ministeri de Ciència i Innovació (Govern d’Espanya), dirigit pel Dr. Josep Antoni Iglesias Fonseca

Un cas especial en la traducció de la variació lingüística : la variació latent

En traductologia s'ha tractat sovint de la diversitat lingüística. La dificultat de traducció analitzada sol partir d'un TO marcat per algun tipus de varietat i les propostes van dirigides, habitualment, a mostrar diverses estratègies per a restituir d'una manera adequada en el TM aquest factor distintiu del TO. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és estudiar la situació inversa, no considerada encara pels autors que han parlat d'aquesta qüestió: la necessitat de construir un TM en què la diversitat lingüística és un element significatiu, a partir d'un TO no marcat per aquest tret de manera explícita, però sí de forma latent. La traducció del que anomenem «variació latent» es planteja a partir d'un cas concret: la traducció al català de la novel·la Ducado de Bernia (Alacant, 1954), de l'escriptor Jordi Valor i Serra, en la qual es fa necessari adoptar una estratègia de traducció adequada a la realitat sociolingüística del català, la qual cosa comporta fer explícita la variació lingüística en el TM, a pesar que el TO no fa palesa aquesta característica.Linguistic diversity has been frequently discussed in translation studies. The issues analysed usually come from a ST marked with some kind of variety. Proposals usually aim at showing different strategies to restore this distinctive trait from the ST into the TT in a suitable way. The objective in this paper is studying the opposite situation, which has not been considered yet by the authors who have discussed these questions: the need of building a TT in which linguistic diversity is a significant element, starting from a ST marked by this trait not explicitly but in a latent way. The translation of which we have come to call «latent variation» is based on a particular case: the translation of the novel Ducado de Bernia (Alacant, 1954) into Catalan, written by Jordi Valor i Serra. In this translation, it is necessary to choose a strategy of translation adequate to the sociolinguistic reality of Catalan. This means expliciting the linguistic variation in the TT, although the ST does not make this trait explicit

PEMS EMISSIONS TESTING OF HEAVY DUTY VEHICLES/ENGINES: ASSESSMENT OF PEMS PROCEDURES IN FULFILMENT OF ARTICLE 14(3) TO REGULATION (EU) 582/2011

The Euro VI Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 and the implementing Regulation [2] (EC) 582/2011 introduces a procedure for PEMS testing as a mandatory part of the type approval legislation in order to check the conformity of heavy-duty engines with the applicable emissions certification standards during the normal life of those engines: this is the so-called “In Service Conformity” (ISC) requirements. In addition, Euro VI engines also have to verify their actual in-use emissions already at type approval (PEMS demonstration test). Even if the PEMS procedure has already been introduced into legislation there is still a need for further evaluation and development. Article 14(3) of the implementing regulation for Euro VI (EC) No 582/2011 states the following: “Any additional requirements with respect to off-cycle in-use vehicle testing referred to in point (d) of paragraph 1 shall be introduced after the assessment of the PEMS procedures set out in Annex II. The assessment shall be finalised by 31 December 2014.” An assessment of the currently introduced PEMS procedure should therefore be carried out, and based on the outcome of this assessment; proposals for amending the PEMS procedure should be made. The European Commission through DG ENTR in co-operation with DG JRC launched in January 2012 a programme to address the legislative mandate to assess the present PEMS procedure. This report describes the activities during the programme, its findings and recommendations for amending the PEMS procedure.JRC.F.8-Sustainable Transpor

Potential Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Electric Supply System. A Case Study for the Province of Milan, Italy

The study analyses the impact of the electric vehicles¿ recharging activities on the electric supply system for the Province of Milan with a 2030 time horizon. In particular, the impact is seen both in terms of total electric energy consumption and in power requested to the grid. Because of the long recharging time required by the cars batteries, the probability to have thousands of cars contemporary plugged-in is not negligible. The key issue of the study is a more plausible (in the authors¿ opinion) estimation of the potential electric vehicles market share evolution in the time period considered. The results obtained clearly show that without an appropriate regulation (e.g. the intelligent integration of electric vehicles into the existing power grid as decentralized and flexible energy storage), electric vehicles could heavily impact on the daily requested electric power.JRC.H.4-Transport and air qualit

Indicators to Assess Sustainability of Transport Activities - Part 1: Review of the Existing Transport Sustainability Indicator Initiatives and Development of an Indicator Set to Assess Transport Sustainability Performance

The major focus of this study is the review of the existing transport indicator initiatives of the EU and other international organisations as well as the development of an indicator set to measure sustainability of transport systems. Initially, the major characteristics of environmentally sustainable transport are defined and indicator quality selection criteria and quantitative targets as guideline criteria for selection of transport related indicators are presented. The following parts are dedicated to a review of a number of major EU and international indicator initiatives. On the basis of 10 transport related international initiatives which include EC Sustainable Development Indicators, EC ETIS study, the EEA TERM indicators, Eurostat transport indicators, transport indicator sets from OECD, US EPA, World Bank, UNECE, VTPI as well as taking into account the EC JRC Well-to-Wheel study a set of 55 sustainable transport indicators has been identified. In addition, causal chains among the selected indicators are analysed according to the DPSIR framework. This selection of transport sustainability indicators may serve as a valuable framework for the assessment of European transport sustainability performance and for the development of policy scenarios and strategies to mitigate negative impacts from transport activities. Their use in the so-called "Dashboard of Sustainability" (JRC) will point out areas where transport performance shows particular success or problems in the EU27.JRC.H.4-Transport and air qualit

Technical, Operational and Logistical Parameters Influencing Emissions of Heavy Duty Vehicles

The focus of this study is the analysis of collected data of real world emission measurements of a heavy duty vehicle using a Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) along a large portion of the extended Trans-European Transport CORRIDOR V. The aim of the analysis is to assess heavy duty vehicle emission in different real-world transport conditions and their correlations i.e. transport factors influencing emissions.JRC.H.4-Transport and air qualit

Evaluation of a Euro 4 vehicle with various blends of CNG/H2 fuel

The report presents the main results of an experimental campaign carried out by the JRC in the support of the legislative activities on type approval of hydrogen-powered motor vehicles. It serves as the scientific and technical basis to test the proposed methods for type approval regarding vehicles using a variable mixture of H2 and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG). A prototype bi-fuel vehicle is tested, designed to operate either on petrol or on various H2-CNG blends, with maximum percentage of 30% H2 on CNG. The methodology used to estimate the unburned hydrocarbon’s density, the fuel density, the fuel consumption, and the heating value of each H2-CNG blend in presented. The bag and modal gaseous emissions, as well as the particulate emission performances of the vehicle tested under the various H2-CNG blends and on petrol fuel is presented. It can be concluded that the use of such fuel mixtures can provide a positive input to the reduction of pollutant emissions as well as of greenhouse gas emissions.JRC.F.8-Sustainable Transpor

L'Alcorà en català : traducció literària d'un text sagrat

L'any 2001 l'editorial Proa va publicar la primera versió íntegra de l'Alcorà en català, feta directament a partir de l'àrab (Premi Ciutat de Barcelona 2002 de traducció al català i Premi Nacional 2002, atorgat pel Ministeri de Cultura, Educació i Esports a la millor obra traduïda a una de les llengües de l'Estat espanyol i publicada el 2001). Tot i que en un dels cinc estudis que s'adjunten al final del llibre ja havíem intentat explicar el mètode i les estratègies utilitzades en la traducció, hem volgut detallar en aquest article en què ha consistit l'aportació de cadascun dels membres de l'equip (traductor i col·laboradors), com ha sigut el procés de treball al llarg dels anys, en què han consistit les fases de revisió i establiment de criteris, etc. És a dir, hem volgut explicitar com s'ha desenvolupat l'experiència de traduir el text sagrat de l'islam, perquè considerem, d'una banda, que les estratègies desplegades per traduir l'Alcorà al català poden ser aplicables per a traduir-lo a altres llengües i, d'una altra, perquè pensem que el nostre mètode de treball pot ser aplicat per a la traducció d'altres textos religiosos o sagrats, de llengües pròximes o de llengües i cultures distants.In 2001, the publishing company Editorial Proa published the first complete version of Quran in Catalan, translated directly from Arabian (Prize Ciutat de Barcelona 2002 on Catalan translation and National Prize 2002 to the best translated work in a state language in Spain, awarded by the Ministerio de Cultura, Educación y Deportes, published in 2001). Although we had tried to explain the method and strategies used in the translation in one of the five studies attached to our work at the end of the book, we have decided to explain in this paper which the contribution of each member in the team (translator and collaborators) was, how the working process throughout the years took place, which phases of revision and establishing of criteria we followed, etc. In other words, we have decided to make explicit how the experience of translating the sacred text of the Islam took place, because, on the one hand, the strategies used in the translation of Quran into Catalan can be applied in translating Quran to other languages, and, on the other hand, we think that our working method can be applied to the translation of other religious and sacred texts from close or distant languages and cultures