932 research outputs found
The rise of Donald Trumpâs âWhite Wallâ means that 2017 will not be a good year for politics
In a recent article, Professor Inderjeet Parmar argued that not only was 2016 a great year for US politics, but that 2017 will be âeven betterâ. Professor Randolph B. Persaud takes issue with these claims, arguing that with Trumpâs election liberal identity politics is being replaced by a new patriotism based on a resurgent sense of Whiteness set against countries such as China and Mexico, and âotherâ groups like Muslims. In addition, far from hurting the billionaire class and capitalist elites, Trumpâs victory has instead put them in the driverâs seat
The economic development of small countries : problems, strategies and policies
This paper concentrates on the economic problems and prospects of small
states and their international policy implications. It touches also on the
inter-relationships between economic and security issues.
The size of states has important implications for their development
prospects. Large-scale production and organization provide great cost
advantages in most economic activities. Scale advantages can be had not
only in manufacturing, agriculture and services but also in marketing,
transportation, high-level training, administration, and research and
development.
Some of the constraints posed by small domestic markets and small
populations can be eased by outward-looking economic policies and
economic integration with neighboring states. In some sectors too, such as
agriculture, optimum sized production units are possible even if production
takes place mainly for the domestic market. And where there is population
pressure on land, intensity of production could compensate for small
acreage. In relation to mineral resources, the level of endowment in relation
to land area need not be less than in larger states. With the extension of the
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) under the Law of the Sea Convention and
taking into account prospects for other favorable factors - climate, beaches
and marine resources - small island states need not be in a disadvantageous
position in resource endowment per capita relative to larger states, even
though their population densities tend to be higher.
Small states do not stand out as being in any unfavorable position among
developing countries in per capita income. However, even with relatively
high levels of per capita income, small states tend to remain weak in terms
of total economic size as well as bargaining power. Moreover, being
relatively open, they are particularly vulnerable to external shocks and
cyclical fluctuations in the world economy. Transformation to a more
diversified and stable economic structure is more difficult for small states and may be impossible for mini-states. Thus. even with relatively high per
capita incomes, small economies may continue to be characterized by
economic instability and vulnerability. For these states. therefore, per capita
income is not an adequate indicator of level of development.peer-reviewe
The effects of certain anthelmintics on the tissue phase larvae of Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788)
Call number: LD2668 .T4 1953 P45Master of Scienc
Electrical activation and electron spin coherence of ultra low dose antimony implants in silicon
We implanted ultra low doses (2x10^11 cm-2) of 121Sb ions into isotopically
enriched 28Si and find high degrees of electrical activation and low levels of
dopant diffusion after rapid thermal annealing. Pulsed Electron Spin Resonance
shows that spin echo decay is sensitive to the dopant depths, and the interface
quality. At 5.2 K, a spin decoherence time, T2, of 0.3 ms is found for profiles
peaking 50 nm below a Si/SiO2 interface, increasing to 0.75 ms when the surface
is passivated with hydrogen. These measurements provide benchmark data for the
development of devices in which quantum information is encoded in donor
electron spins
Early identification of wound infection: understanding wound odour
Malodorous wounds can be distressing for patients and their families, negatively impacting on quality-of-life outcomes. For health professionals malodorous wounds can also cause distress manifesting in feelings of disgust when faced with a wound emitting an unpleasant or repulsive odour. There has been investigation into the management of controlling odour particularly in relation to fungating wounds. However, there is limited research that explores techniques for early identification and recognition of wound odours that may be indicative of infection. Electronic nose technology has received some attention, but to date has not been integrated into either diagnostics of infection in wounds or education of health professionals to prepare them for the realities of clinical practice
Irradiation of Materials with Short, Intense Ion pulses at NDCX-II
We present an overview of the performance of the Neutralized Drift
Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) accelerator at Berkeley Lab, and report on
recent target experiments on beam driven melting and transmission ion energy
loss measurements with nanosecond and millimeter-scale ion beam pulses and thin
tin foils. Bunches with around 10^11 ions, 1-mm radius, and 2-30 ns FWHM
duration have been created with corresponding fluences in the range of 0.1 to
0.7 J/cm^2. To achieve these short pulse durations and mm-scale focal spot
radii, the 1.1 MeV He+ ion beam is neutralized in a drift compression section,
which removes the space charge defocusing effect during final compression and
focusing. The beam space charge and drift compression techniques resemble
necessary beam conditions and manipulations in heavy ion inertial fusion
accelerators. Quantitative comparison of detailed particle-in-cell simulations
with the experiment play an important role in optimizing accelerator
performance.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures. revised manuscript submitted to Laser and
Particle Beam
Cellular automata approach to three-phase traffic theory
The cellular automata (CA) approach to traffic modeling is extended to allow
for spatially homogeneous steady state solutions that cover a two dimensional
region in the flow-density plane. Hence these models fulfill a basic postulate
of a three-phase traffic theory proposed by Kerner. This is achieved by a
synchronization distance, within which a vehicle always tries to adjust its
speed to the one of the vehicle in front. In the CA models presented, the
modelling of the free and safe speeds, the slow-to-start rules as well as some
contributions to noise are based on the ideas of the Nagel-Schreckenberg type
modelling. It is shown that the proposed CA models can be very transparent and
still reproduce the two main types of congested patterns (the general pattern
and the synchronized flow pattern) as well as their dependence on the flows
near an on-ramp, in qualitative agreement with the recently developed continuum
version of the three-phase traffic theory [B. S. Kerner and S. L. Klenov. 2002.
J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 35, L31]. These features are qualitatively different
than in previously considered CA traffic models. The probability of the
breakdown phenomenon (i.e., of the phase transition from free flow to
synchronized flow) as function of the flow rate to the on-ramp and of the flow
rate on the road upstream of the on-ramp is investigated. The capacity drops at
the on-ramp which occur due to the formation of different congested patterns
are calculated.Comment: 55 pages, 24 figure
Probabilistic Description of Traffic Breakdowns
We analyze the characteristic features of traffic breakdown. To describe this
phenomenon we apply to the probabilistic model regarding the jam emergence as
the formation of a large car cluster on highway. In these terms the breakdown
occurs through the formation of a certain critical nucleus in the metastable
vehicle flow, which enables us to confine ourselves to one cluster model. We
assume that, first, the growth of the car cluster is governed by attachment of
cars to the cluster whose rate is mainly determined by the mean headway
distance between the car in the vehicle flow and, may be, also by the headway
distance in the cluster. Second, the cluster dissolution is determined by the
car escape from the cluster whose rate depends on the cluster size directly.
The latter is justified using the available experimental data for the
correlation properties of the synchronized mode. We write the appropriate
master equation converted then into the Fokker-Plank equation for the cluster
distribution function and analyze the formation of the critical car cluster due
to the climb over a certain potential barrier. The further cluster growth
irreversibly gives rise to the jam formation. Numerical estimates of the
obtained characteristics and the experimental data of the traffic breakdown are
compared. In particular, we draw a conclusion that the characteristic intrinsic
time scale of the breakdown phenomenon should be about one minute and explain
the case why the traffic volume interval inside which traffic breakdown is
observed is sufficiently wide.Comment: RevTeX 4, 14 pages, 10 figure
Active deformation and shallow structure of the Wagner, Consag, and DelfĂn Basins, northern Gulf of California, Mexico
Oblique rifting began synchronously along the length of the Gulf of California at 6 Ma, yet there is no evidence for the existence of oceanic crust or a spreading transform fault system in the northern Gulf. Instead, multichannel seismic data show a broad shallow depression, âŒ70 Ă 200 km, marked by active distributed deformation and six âŒ10-km-wide segmented basins lacking well-defined transform faults. We present detailed images of faulting and magmatism based on the high resolution and quality of these data. The northern Gulf crust contains a dense (up to 18 faults in 5 km) complex network of mainly oblique-normal faults, with small offsets, dips of 60â80° and strikes of N-N30°E. Faults with seafloor offsets of tens of meters bound the Lower and two Upper DelfĂn Basins. These subparallel basins developed along splays from a transtensional zone at the NW end of the Ballenas Transform Fault. Twelve volcanic knolls were identified and are associated with the strands or horsetails from this zone. A structural connection between the two Upper DelfĂn Basins is evident in the switching of the center of extension along axis. Sonobuoy refraction data suggest that the basement consists of mixed igneous sedimentary material, atypical of mid-ocean ridges. On the basis of the near-surface manifestations of active faulting and magmatism, seafloor spreading will likely first occur in the Lower DelfĂn Basin. We suggest the transition to seafloor spreading is delayed by the lack of strain-partitioned and focused deformation as a consequence of shear in a broad zone beneath a thick sediment cover
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