Socialisation de genre, individualité contemporaine et détresse psychologique chez l'homme

Alors que plusieurs recherches québécoises font état d'un lien significatif entre la socialisation de genre et la dépression, cette étude vise à saisir la perception que se font les hommes du lien possible entre leur rapport aux normes masculines et une épreuve de détresse psychologique qu'ils ont vécue. Pour ce faire, une méthodologie qualitative basée sur le récit de soi s'inscrivant dans un schème compréhensif a été choisie. Sept participants recrutés par méthode de réseautage et « bouche à oreille » ont réalisé une entrevue semi-dirigée d'une durée variant entre 1h10 et 1h40. Les participants étaient âgés de 26 à 46 ans et détenaient tous un niveau de scolarisation plus ou moins élevé. Au terme de ces entrevues, un portrait du récit de chacun des participants ainsi qu'une analyse transversale effectuée à l'aide du logiciel d'analyse de données MAXQDA ont contribué à présenter les résultats obtenus. Ainsi, les résultats de cette étude révèlent un lien significatif, mais non dominant entre la socialisation de genre et la détresse vécue par les participants. Malgré le fait que les participants ne s'identifiaient pas ou très peu au modèle de la masculinité traditionnel, tous ont manifesté leur détresse de manière masculine à un moment ou à un autre. Effectivement, plusieurs ont vécu cette épreuve avec une grande solitude, ont porté le masque leur permettant de camoufler la détresse, ont ressenti beaucoup de colère et d'agressivité, ont demandé de l'aide très tardivement, etc. Alors que certains participants semblaient réticents à relier le concept de la socialisation de genre à celui de la détresse, d'autres ont affirmé que certains apprentissages connexes à la masculinité pouvaient leur être nuisibles. Par ailleurs, il a été possible de soulever dans le récit des participants la présence des normes masculines. Ainsi, bien que le modèle traditionnel de la masculinité soit aujourd'hui remis en question, il semble que celui-ci continue de se faire sentir chez les hommes, et ce, bien malgré eux. En fait, les résultats de cette étude ont davantage révélé la présence des pressions rattachées aux nouvelles règles de l'individualité contemporaine, soit la performance, l'autonomie, la responsabilité individuelle et l'initiative comme élément explicatif de leur souffrance. Effectivement, au-delà du genre, plusieurs participants ont nommé avoir dû négocier ces pressions sociales afin de s'extirper de leur détresse. Les résultats de cette étude remplissent l'objectif exploratoire, encouragent les professionnels à se conscientiser davantage au fait que les hommes vivent parfois différemment la détresse et tendent la voie à d'autres études qui permettraient de pousser plus loin la réflexion sur le genre, la détresse et l'épreuve liée à l'individualité contemporaine.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Socialisation de genre, détresse psychologique, masculinité, individualité contemporaine, pressions normative

A 62-Year-Old Woman With Acute Respiratory Failure and a Painful Right Lower Limb

International audienceCASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old woman with no medical history was admitted to the ED for fever, acute respiratory failure, and pain in the right lower limb. Three months prior to presentation, she had spent 45 days travelling through India and Thailand. She presented with no signs of traveler's disease such as fever or diarrhea during that trip. Two weeks following her return to France, the patient presented with an episode of bronchitis and received 5 days of treatment with cefixime (a third-generation cephalosporin). Despite this antibiotic treatment, her symptoms worsened and she developed, over the following 3 weeks, general weakness and arthralgia/myalgia. Due to the severity of hypoxemia, the patient was immediately transferred to the ICU

Tissue-Engineered Vascular Adventitia with Vasa Vasorum Improves Graft Integration and Vascularization Through Inosculation

Tissue-engineered blood vessel is one of the most promising living substitutes for coronary and peripheral artery bypass graft surgery. However, one of the main limitations in tissue engineering is vascularization of the construct before implantation. Such a vascularization could play an important role in graft perfusion and host integration of tissue-engineered vascular adventitia. Using our self-assembly approach, we developed a method to vascularize tissue-engineered blood vessel constructs by coculturing endothelial cells in a fibroblast-laden tissue sheet. After subcutaneous implantation, enhancement of graft integration within the surrounding environment was noted after 48 h and an important improvement in blood circulation of the grafted tissue at 1 week postimplantation. The distinctive branching structure of end arteries characterizing the in vivo adventitial vasa vasorum has also been observed in long-term postimplantation follow-up. After a 90-day implantation period, hybrid vessels containing human and mouse endothelial cells were still perfused. Characterization of the mechanical properties of both control and vascularized adventitia demonstrated that the ultimate tensile strength, modulus, and failure strain were in the same order of magnitude of a pig coronary artery. The addition of a vasa vasorum to the tissue-engineered adventitia did not influence the burst pressure of these constructs. Hence, the present results indicate a promising answer to the many challenges associated with the in vitro vascularization and in vivo integration of many different tissue-engineered substitutes

In vivo evaluation and imaging of a bilayered self-assembled skin substitute using a decellularized dermal matrix grafted on mice

As time to final coverage is the essence for better survival outcome in severely burned patients, we have continuously strived to reduce the duration for the preparation of our bilayered self-assembled skin substitutes (SASS). These SASS produced in vitro by the self-assembly approach have a structure and functionality very similar to native skin. Recently, we have shown that a decellularized dermal matrix preproduced by the self-assembly approach could be used as a template to further obtain self-assembled skin substitute using a decellularized dermal template (SASS-DM) in vitro. Thus, the production period with patient cells was then reduced to about 1 month. Herein, preclinical animal experiments have been performed to confirm the integration and evolution of such a graft and compare the maturation of SASS and SASS-DM in vivo. Both tissues, reconstructed from adult or newborn cells, were grafted on athymic mice. Green fluorescent protein-transfected keratinocytes were also used to follow grafted tissues weekly for 6 weeks using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Cell architecture and differentiation were studied with histological and immunofluorescence analyses at each time point. Graft integration, macroscopic evolution, histological analyses, and expression of skin differentiation markers were similar between both skin substitutes reconstructed from either newborn or adult cells, and IVIS observations confirmed the efficient engraftment of SASS-DM. In conclusion, our in vivo graft experiments on a mouse model demonstrated that the SASS-DM had equivalent macroscopic, histological, and differentiation evolution over a 6-week period, when compared with the SASS. The tissue-engineered SASS-DM could improve clinical availability and advantageously shorten the time necessary for the definitive wound coverage of severely burned patients

Hemodialysis vascular graft as a focus of persistent Q fever

International audienceVascular access infection is a frequent complication in hemodialysis patients. We report the second case worldwide of a prosthetic hemodialysis vascular graft infection by Coxiella burnetii, with intense hypermetabolism on PET-CT, Q fever serology consistent with persistent infection, and positive C. burnetii DNA in the blood and removed vascular graft