Avaliação sorológica de vacinas comerciais polivalentes contra a enterotoxemia em caprinos.

Foram avaliadas as respostas sorológicas a cinco vacinas comerciais polivalentes que continham o toxóide épsilon do Clostridium perfringens tipo D na sua formulação. Para isso, foram utilizados 84 caprinos jovens, divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos experimentais com 14 animais em cada grupo. Os caprinos do Grupo Controle não receberam nenhuma dose de vacina e os dos Grupos 1 ao 5 receberam duas doses de vacina com intervalo de quatro semanas entre elas. A primeira dose de vacina foi aplicada aos 45 (± 3) dias de vida dos animais (início do experimento - dia zero) e a segunda aos 75 (± 3 ? dia 30). As amostras de sangue para a realização dos testes sorológicos foram colhidas antes (dia zero), e nos dias 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 após o início do experimento. Utilizou-se a técnica de ELISA Indireto para quantificação dos anticorpos antitoxina épsilon do C. perfringens tipo D. De maneira geral ocorreu um aumento nos valores médios do título de anticorpos séricos dos caprinos no dia 60 em resposta às duas doses de vacina recebidas nos dias zero e 30, sendo que o maior número de animais considerados protegidos também foi detectado neste dia. Apenas cinco caprinos jovens do Grupo 1 e um do Grupo 3 permaneceram com títulos de anticorpos considerados protetores até o dia 150. Diante dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que as vacinas avaliadas apresentaram baixa capacidade de estimular uma resposta imune protetora nos caprinos avaliados

Avaliação sorológica de vacinas comerciais polivalentes contra a enterotoxemia em caprinos.

Foram avaliadas as respostas sorológicas a cinco vacinas comerciais polivalentes que continham o toxóide épsilon do Clostridium perfringens tipo D na sua formulação. Para isso, foram utilizados 84 caprinos jovens, divididos aleatoriamente em seis grupos experimentais com 14 animais em cada grupo. Os caprinos do Grupo Controle não receberam nenhuma dose de vacina e os dos Grupos 1 ao 5 receberam duas doses de vacina com intervalo de quatro semanas entre elas. A primeira dose de vacina foi aplicada aos 45 (± 3) dias de vida dos animais (início do experimento - dia zero) e a segunda aos 75 (± 3 ? dia 30). As amostras de sangue para a realização dos testes sorológicos foram colhidas antes (dia zero), e nos dias 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 após o início do experimento. Utilizou-se a técnica de ELISA Indireto para quantificação dos anticorpos antitoxina épsilon do C. perfringens tipo D. De maneira geral ocorreu um aumento nos valores médios do título de anticorpos séricos dos caprinos no dia 60 em resposta às duas doses de vacina recebidas nos dias zero e 30, sendo que o maior número de animais considerados protegidos também foi detectado neste dia. Apenas cinco caprinos jovens do Grupo 1 e um do Grupo 3 permaneceram com títulos de anticorpos considerados protetores até o dia 150. Diante dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que as vacinas avaliadas apresentaram baixa capacidade de estimular uma resposta imune protetora nos caprinos avaliados

Sorological evaluation of commercial vaccines against enterotoxemia in goats.

Enterotoxemia in sheep and in goats is caused by the effects of the epsilon toxin of C/ostridium perfringens type D, being considered the main infectious cause of mortality in those animal species. The main prophylactic measures include adequate nutritional management and vaccination of ali animais using vaccines of high immunogenic power. Six commercial vaccines containing in its formulation the epsilon toxoid of C. perfringens type D were sorogically evaluated. Eighty four female goat kids, whose mothers had no previous vaccination history against clostridioses were used. They were divided into six groups of 14 animais each. The animais of the control group didn't receive any vaccine dose and the animais from the groups 1 to 5 received two vaccine doses, The first vaccine dose was applied at 45 days of life (day zero) and the second dose at 75 days (30 days after the first dose). Blood samples were collected from the goat kids at the days zero, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 after the beginning of the experiment, in order to evaluate the immunologic response. The Indirect ELlSA technique was used for the quantification of the antibodies against epsilon toxin in the samples of blood serum of the animais. In day zero, no animal presented titre considered protector. The largest number of animais considered protected was found at day 60, in response to the two initial doses of the vaccine (days O and 30, first and second doses, respectively). Only tive animaIs which received the vaccine 1 and one animal which received the vaccine 3 stayed wilh titres of antibodies considered up to 150 days after the first vaccine dose. Based on the results, it was concluded lhat the evaluated vaccines showed small amount of epsilon toxoid in the commercial formulations, a crucial fact for lhe low efficiency of. the vaccines. For commercial reasons, the vaccines against the clostridioses present versatile formulations, with several toxoid types, used for various animal species, which certainly contributed to reduce their effectiveness in preventing the iIInesses caused by the clostridia or their toxins

GRB051210: Swift detection of a short gamma ray burst

The short/hard GRB051210 was detected and located by the Swift-BAT instrument and rapidly pointed towards by the narrow field instrumens. The XRT was able to observe a bright X-ray afterglow, one of the few ever observed for this class of bursts. We present the analysis of the prompt and afterglow emission of this event The BAT spectrum is a power-law with photon index 1.1 +/-0.3. The X-ray light curve decays with slope 2.58+/-0.11 and shows a small flare in the early phases. The spectrum can be described with a power law with photon index 1.54+/-0.16 and absorption (7.5 (-3.2, +4.3)*10^20 cm-2 We find that the X-ray emission is consistent with the hypothesis that we are observing the curvature effect of a GRB occurred in a low density medium, with no detectable afterglow. We estimate the density of the circumburst medium to be lower than 4*10^-3 cm^-3. We also discuss different hypothesis on the possible origin of the flare.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to A&A Letter

Perda de seguimento de cães submetidos à facectomia extra-capsular. análise do perfil dos proprietários

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Extended Emission from Short Gamma-Ray Bursts Detected with SPI-ACS/INTEGRAL

The short duration (T90 < 2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected in the SPI-ACS experiment onboard the INTEGRAL observatory are investigated. Averaged light curves have been constructed for various groups of events, including short GRBs and unidentified short events. Extended emission has been found in the averaged light curves of both short GRBs and unidentified short events. It is shown that the fraction of the short GRBs in the total number of SPI-ACS GRBs can range from 30 to 45%, which is considerably larger than has been thought previously.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figure

Avaliação da associação de propofol e de cloridrato de alfentanil na manutenção anestésica por infusão intravenosa contínua em cães após medicação pré-anestésica com acepromazina

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Swift-UVOT detection of GRB 050318

We present observations of GRB 050318 by the Ultra-Violet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) on-board the Swift observatory. The data are the first detections of a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) afterglow decay by the UVOT instrument, launched specifically to open a new window on these transient sources. We showcase UVOTs ability to provide multi-color photometry and the advantages of combining UVOT data with simultaneous and contemporaneous observations from the high-energy detectors on the Swift spacecraft. Multiple filters covering 1,800-6,000 Angstroms reveal a red source with spectral slope steeper than the simultaneous X-ray continuum. Spectral fits indicate that the UVOT colors are consistent with dust extinction by systems at z = 1.2037 and z = 1.4436, redshifts where absorption systems have been pre-identified. However, the data can be most-easily reproduced with models containing a foreground system of neutral gas redshifted by z = 2.8 +/- 0.3. For both of the above scenarios, spectral and decay slopes are, for the most part, consistent with fireball expansion into a uniform medium, provided a cooling break occurs between the energy ranges of the UVOT and Swifts X-ray instrumentation.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, ApJ Letters, in pres