Nuevas violencias, nuevas voces y nuevas resistencias en tiempos de reorganización hegemónica. Entrevista a Pilar Calveiro

Los trabajos de Pilar Calveiro sobre violencia política han venido a reordenar, en las últimas décadas, los debates en torno a la naturaleza de la violencia de Estado, la militancia revolucionaria y las nuevas formas de violencia en el mundo global. Muy pocas investigaciones han tenido, en ese campo, el impacto de las reflexiones de Calveiro ni la capacidad para conectar problemáticas y lógicas aparentemente separadas entre sí para pensarlas de forma vinculada. En Poder y desaparición (Colihue, 1998) conceptualizó la lógica del poder desaparecedor que se concretó en el sistema de campos de concentración de la última dictadura militar argentina, proponiendo una mirada analítica y un lenguaje novedoso para abordarlo, que redirigeron completamente los debates y estudios sobre las formas de la represión militar. En Política y/o violencia. Una aproximación a la guerrilla de los años 70 (2006) analizó el reverso de la violencia política de esa época describiendo la absorción de lo político por el paradigma bélico y la necesidad de repolitizar las decisiones, las lógicas y las dinámicas adquiridas por cada grupo en ese periodo. En Redes familiares de sumisión y resistencia (UACM: 2003) y Familia y poder (Libros de la Araucaria: 2006) analizaba las formas de dominación y, sobre todo, de resistencia, en el interior de las estructuras familiares. Tomando a la familia como núcleo fundamental de las relaciones de poder, diseccionaba la forma en que se articulaban las estrategias de confrontación, resistencia, escape y reatrapamiento con las que hombres y mujeres interrelacionan en el campo de fuerzas y poderes que es el espacio familiar. En Violencias de estado. La guerra antiterrorista y la guerra contra el crimen como medios de control global (Siglo XXI, 2012) describe las ‘reorganizaciones hegemónicas’ que tienen lugar desde el mundo bipolar de la Guerra Fría al mundo global del capitalismo avanzado actual y disecciona dos lógicas mayores de la violencia contemporánea: la ‘guerra antiterrorista’ y la ‘guerra contra la delincuencia’. Ese es el punto de partida de esta entrevista, en la que se plantea la posibilidad, estudiada por la autora, de la articulación de alternativas y disidencias a la nueva configuración del poder global y se reflexiona sobre el rol que las escrituras o prácticas testimoniales podrían desempeñar en ellas

Medio físico y corredores naturales: notas sobre el poblamiento paleolítico del País Valenciano

Aquest treball pretén ser una reflexió sobre les relacions entre el medi físic i el poblament humà del País Valencia anterior a la implantació del neolític (ca. 500.000 - 7.000 BP). A partir de les seues característiques físiques i estructurals, s'analitzen els eixos regionals, comarcals i locals que han pogut vertebrar la comunicació regional i extraregional dels grups cagadors-recol•lectors prehistòrics. Incorporar a aquesta discussió les característiques dels jaciments i els conjunts faunístics associats, permet de valorar les seues variacions diacròniques en retació amb l'ocupació de diferents entorns.This piece of research is intended to be a reflection on the relations between the physical medium and the human settlement in the Valencian Country, previous to the introduction of Neolithic (circa 500.000-7.000 BP). In accordance with their physical and structural features, we analyze the regional, district area and local axes which have made it possible to link the regional and extraregional communication of the groups of prehistoric hunters and gatherers. The addition of the characteristics of the archaeological sites and their associated faunal whole to the present discussion enable us to value their diachronic variations as related to the ocupation of different environmentsEste trabajo pretende ser una reflexión sobre las relaciones entre el medio físico y el poblamiento humano del País Valenciano anterior a la implantación del Neolítico (ca. 500.000 - 7.000 BP). A partir de sus características físicas y estructurales se analizan aquellos ejes regionales, comarcales y locales que han podido vertebrar la comunicación regional y extraregional de los grupos cazadores-recolectores prehistóricos. La incorporación a esta discusión de las características de los yacimientos y de los conjuntos faunísticos asociados, permiten valorar sus variaciones diacrónicas en relación con la ocupación de diferentes entomos

NO LLEGUES TARDE. Guion y Storyboard

[ES] Este TFG se centra en la producción de un tráiler basado en la preproducción de No Llegues Tarde, un cortometraje de animación digital 2D. Aplicando lo aprendido en la carrera y en colaboración con otros tres artistas, Marina Manzanaro López, Erik Godoy Selva y Laura Rueda Pérez, la obra cuenta la historia de un joven skater que llega tarde a una cita muy importante. Con este trabajo se pretende demostrar nuestra capacidad de realizar un proyecto creativo colaborativo y comenzar nuestro camino en la industria de la animación con una obra que poder mostrar en una demo reel.[EN] This Final Project focuses on the production of a trailer based on the preproduction of No Llegues Tarde, an animated short. Using the skills developed in the Fine Arts degree and in collaboration with three other artists, Marina Manzanaro López, Erik Godoy Selva and Laura Rueda Pérez, the final piece tells the story of a young skater who is late for a very important appointment. With this project we are willing to prove our ability to do a creative team project and begin our journey in the animation industry with a piece suited for a demo-reel.Peris Orejas, MDP. (2021). NO LLEGUES TARDE. Guion y Storyboard. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/170434TFG

Effect of subclinical mastitis on the yield and cheese-making properties of ewe's milk

[EN] This review covers an update of scientific knowledge about productive and technological consequences of subclinical mastitis in sheep milk. The literature reports individual milk yield losses of 2.6-43.1 %, being modulated by several factors as infection severity, production level, causal agents, and unilateral or bilateral IMI (1 or 2 infected glands, respectively). A compensatory increase of milk production from the uninfected gland when only one half was infected has been quantified in 6.6 %, compared with healthy halves of control sheep. This compensatory adaptation highlights the risk of underestimating subclinical mastitis in sheep. The mammary gland response is quick and milk yield losses in absolute terms remained constant within the following weeks, both when infection appear during lactation and when it is present from lambing. With respect to the changes on main components in milk due to subclinical mastitis it has been clearly established a decrease in the concentration of lactose and an increase of that of whey proteins. The role played by lactose as an osmotic regulator results in a more accentuated decrease of its concentration in milk. This is why lactose is considered at present as a reliable potential indicator of subclinical mastitis. Whey proteins increase as a result of the increase of the blood-milk barrier permeability and the increased proteolysis of caseins. However, the content in milk of fat and casein are modified depending on the magnitude of milk yield reduction, being affected by a concentration or dilution effect. In any case, the ratio casein to protein (parameter independent of the milk volume) decreases as a result of infection. The impairment of physical and chemical characteristics due to decreased udder health status is the responsible of the negative effect of increased SCC on the coagulation properties of milk, the curd yield and the quality of cheese. Low ratio of casein to protein in high bulk tank SCC milk enhances the extension of the rennet coagulation time (RCT) and curd firming time (k20) because there are more serum proteins and the stability of casein micelles are reduced as a result of hydrolysis. Those changes in turn led to poor syneresis, lower cheese yield, increased moisture content and lower fat and protein content in cheese. Finally, there is a favourable relationship between lactose and milk technological properties because the decrease of this component in case of mastitis is associated with an increase of milk pH. Thus, the three parameters, SCC, pH, and lactose affect, contemporarily and independently, milk quality and coagulation properties, and this is why have been highlighted as potential indicators traits for improving cheese-making ability of sheep milk.This review is based on knowledge gained during work financially supported by means of a research fellowship from the regional government of Valencia ("Generalitat Valenciana").Martí-De Olives, A.; Peris Ribera, CJ.; Molina Pons, MP. (2020). Effect of subclinical mastitis on the yield and cheese-making properties of ewe's milk. Small Ruminant Research. 184:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.106044S17184Albenzio, M., Marino, R., Caroprese, M., Santillo, A., Annicchiarico, G., & Sevi, A. (2004). Quality of milk and of Canestrato Pugliese cheese from ewes exposed to different ventilation regimens. Journal of Dairy Research, 71(4), 434-443. doi:10.1017/s0022029904000330Albenzio, M., Caroprese, M., Santillo, A., Marino, R., Muscio, A., & Sevi, A. (2005). Proteolytic patterns and plasmin activity in ewes’ milk as affected by somatic cell count and stage of lactation. Journal of Dairy Research, 72(1), 86-92. doi:10.1017/s0022029904000676Albenzio, M., Santillo, A., Caroprese, M., d’ Angelo, F., Marino, R., & Sevi, A. (2009). Role of endogenous enzymes in proteolysis of sheep milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(1), 79-86. doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1439Albenzio, M., & Santillo, A. (2011). Biochemical characteristics of ewe and goat milk: Effect on the quality of dairy products. Small Ruminant Research, 101(1-3), 33-40. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.023Albenzio, M., Figliola, L., Caroprese, M., Marino, R., Sevi, A., & Santillo, A. (2019). Somatic cell count in sheep milk. Small Ruminant Research, 176, 24-30. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.05.013Auldist, M. J., Coats, S., Sutherland, B. J., Mayes, J. J., McDowell, G. H., & Rogers, G. L. (1996). Effects of somatic cell count and stage of lactation on raw milk composition and the yield and quality of Cheddar cheese. Journal of Dairy Research, 63(2), 269-280. doi:10.1017/s0022029900031769Balcones, E., Olano, A., & Calvo, M. M. (1996). Factors Affecting the Rennet Clotting Properties of Ewe’s Milk. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44(8), 1993-1996. doi:10.1021/jf960138uBastian, E. D., & Brown, R. J. (1996). Plasmin in milk and dairy products: an update. International Dairy Journal, 6(5), 435-457. doi:10.1016/0958-6946(95)00021-6Bianchi, L., Bolla, A., Budelli, E., Caroli, A., Casoli, C., Pauselli, M., & Duranti, E. (2004). Effect of Udder Health Status and Lactation Phase on the Characteristics of Sardinian Ewe Milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(8), 2401-2408. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73362-7Burriel, A. R. (1997). Dynamics of intramammary infection in the sheep caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci and its influence on udder tissue and milk composition. Veterinary Record, 140(16), 419-423. doi:10.1136/vr.140.16.419Burriel, A. R., & Wagstaff, A. (1998). The influence of ewe intramammary infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci on the milk constituents total protein, albumin, potassium and sodium. Animal Science, 67(3), 499-502. doi:10.1017/s1357729800032926Caballero-Villalobos, J., Garzón, A. I., Martínez Marín, A. L., Arias, R., Ciocia, F., & McSweeney, P. L. H. (2018). Plasmin activity in Manchega ewe milk: The effect of lactation, parity and health of the udder, and its influence on milk composition and rennet coagulation. Small Ruminant Research, 158, 57-61. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.10.005Considine, T., Healy, Á., Kelly, A. L., & McSweeney, P. L. H. (2004). Hydrolysis of bovine caseins by cathepsin B, a cysteine proteinase indigenous to milk. International Dairy Journal, 14(2), 117-124. doi:10.1016/s0958-6946(03)00171-7Dhondt, G., Burvenich, C., & Peeters, G. (1977). Mammary blood flow during experimental Escherichia coli endotoxin induced mastitis in goats and cows. Journal of Dairy Research, 44(3), 433-440. doi:10.1017/s0022029900020392European Union 1994 Council Directive 94/71/EEC of 13 December 1994 amending Directive 92/46/EEC laying down the health rules for the production and placing on the market of raw milk, heat-treated milk and milk-based products. Official Journal of European Community L368 33–37.Fthenakis, G. C., & T.Jones, J. E. (1990). The effect of inoculation of coagulase-negative Staphylococci into the ovine mammary gland. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 102(2), 211-219. doi:10.1016/s0021-9975(08)80126-0Giadinis, N. D., Arsenos, G., Tsakos, P., Psychas, V., Dovas, C. I., Papadopoulos, E., … Fthenakis, G. C. (2012). «Milk-drop syndrome of ewes»: Investigation of the causes in dairy sheep in Greece. Small Ruminant Research, 106(1), 33-35. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.04.018González-RodríGuez, M. C., Gonzalo, C., San Primitivo, F., & Cármenes, P. (1995). Relationship Between Somatic Cell Count and lntramammary Infection of the Half Udder in Dairy Ewes. Journal of Dairy Science, 78(12), 2753-2759. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(95)76906-5Gonzalo, C., Carriedo, J. A., Baro, J. A., & San Primitivo, F. (1994). Factors Influencing Variation of Test Day Milk Yield, Somatic Cell Count, Fat, and Protein in Dairy Sheep. Journal of Dairy Science, 77(6), 1537-1542. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77094-6Gonzalo, C., Ariznabarreta, A., Carriedo, J. A., & San Primitivo, F. (2002). Mammary Pathogens and Their Relationship to Somatic Cell Count and Milk Yield Losses in Dairy Ewes. Journal of Dairy Science, 85(6), 1460-1467. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(02)74214-8Gonzalo, C., Tardáguila, J. A., De La Fuente, L. F., & San Primitivo, F. (2004). Effects of selective and complete dry therapy on prevalence of intramammary infection and on milk yield in the subsequent lactation in dairy ewes. Journal of Dairy Research, 71(1), 33-38. doi:10.1017/s0022029903006526Grufferty, M. B., & Fox, P. F. (1988). Milk alkaline proteinase. Journal of Dairy Research, 55(4), 609-630. doi:10.1017/s0022029900033409Hernández-Ramos, P. A., Vivar-Quintana, A. M., & Revilla, I. (2019). Estimation of somatic cell count levels of hard cheeses using physicochemical composition and artificial neural networks. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(2), 1014-1024. doi:10.3168/jds.2018-14787Klei, L., Yun, J., Sapru, A., Lynch, J., Barbano, D., Sears, P., & Galton, D. (1998). Effects of Milk Somatic Cell Count on Cottage Cheese Yield and Quality. Journal of Dairy Science, 81(5), 1205-1213. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(98)75680-2Le Roux, Y., Colin, O., & Laurent, F. (1995). Proteolysis in Samples of Quarter Milk with Varying Somatic Cell Counts. 1. Comparison of Some Indicators of Endogenous Proteolysis in Milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 78(6), 1289-1297. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(95)76749-2Leitner, G., Chaffer, M., Caraso, Y., Ezra, E., Kababea, D., Winkler, M., … Saran, A. (2003). Udder infection and milk somatic cell count, NAGase activity and milk composition—fat, protein and lactose—in Israeli-Assaf and Awassi sheep. Small Ruminant Research, 49(2), 157-164. doi:10.1016/s0921-4488(03)00079-8Leitner, G., Chaffer, M., Shamay, A., Shapiro, F., Merin, U., Ezra, E., … Silanikove, N. (2004). Changes in Milk Composition as Affected by Subclinical Mastitis in Sheep. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(1), 46-52. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73140-9Leitner, G., Silanikove, N., & Merin, U. (2008). Estimate of milk and curd yield loss of sheep and goats with intrammamary infection and its relation to somatic cell count. Small Ruminant Research, 74(1-3), 221-225. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.02.009Leitner, G., Merin, U., & Silanikove, N. (2011). Effects of glandular bacterial infection and stage of lactation on milk clotting parameters: Comparison among cows, goats and sheep. International Dairy Journal, 21(4), 279-285. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.11.013Leitner, G., Lavon, Y., Matzrafi, Z., Benun, O., Bezman, D., & Merin, U. (2016). Somatic cell counts, chemical composition and coagulation properties of goat and sheep bulk tank milk. International Dairy Journal, 58, 9-13. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.11.004Martí-De Olives, A., Le Roux, Y., Rubert-Alemán, J., Peris, C., & Molina, M. P. (2011). Short communication: Effect of subclinical mastitis on proteolysis in ovine milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(11), 5369-5374. doi:10.3168/jds.2011-4269Martí De Olives, A., Díaz, J. R., Molina, M. P., & Peris, C. (2013). Quantification of milk yield and composition changes as affected by subclinical mastitis during the current lactation in sheep. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(12), 7698-7708. doi:10.3168/jds.2013-6998Martí-De Olives, A., Navarro-Ríos, M. J., Rubert-Alemán, J., Fernández, N., & Molina, M. P. (2015). Composition, proteolysis indices and coagulating properties of ewe milk as affected by bulk tank somatic cell count. Journal of Dairy Research, 82(3), 344-349. doi:10.1017/s0022029915000394Merin, U., Fleminger, G., Komanovsky, J., Silanikove, N., Bernstein, S., & Leitner, G. (2008). Subclinical udder infection withStreptococcus dysgalactiaeimpairs milk coagulation properties: The emerging role of proteose peptones. Dairy Science and Technology, 88(4-5), 407-419. doi:10.1051/dst:2008022Park, Y. W. (2007). Rheological characteristics of goat and sheep milk. Small Ruminant Research, 68(1-2), 73-87. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.015Paschino, P., Vacca, G. M., Dettori, M. L., & Pazzola, M. (2019). An approach for the estimation of somatic cells’ effect in Sarda sheep milk based on the analysis of milk traits and coagulation properties. Small Ruminant Research, 171, 77-81. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.10.010Pazzola, M., Cipolat-Gotet, C., Bittante, G., Cecchinato, A., Dettori, M. L., & Vacca, G. M. (2018). Phenotypic and genetic relationships between indicators of the mammary gland health status and milk composition, coagulation, and curd firming in dairy sheep. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(4), 3164-3175. doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13975PELLEGRINI, O., REMEUF, F., RIVEMALE, M., & BARILLET, F. (1997). Renneting properties of milk from individual ewes: influence of genetic and non-genetic variables, and relationship with physicochemical characteristics. Journal of Dairy Research, 64(3), 355-366. doi:10.1017/s0022029997002203Pinto, G., Caira, S., Nicolai, M. A., Mauriello, R., Cuollo, M., Pirisi, A., … Addeo, F. (2013). Proteolysis and partial dephosphorylation of casein are affected by high somatic cell counts in sheep milk. Food Research International, 53(1), 510-521. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2013.05.016Politis, I., Lachance, E., Block, E., & Turner, J. D. (1989). Plasmin and Plasminogen in Bovine Milk: A Relationship with Involution? Journal of Dairy Science, 72(4), 900-906. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(89)79183-9Precetti, A. S., Oria, M. P., & Nielsen, S. S. (1997). Presence in Bovine Milk of Two Protease Inhibitors of the Plasmin System. Journal of Dairy Science, 80(8), 1490-1496. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(97)76077-6Raynal-Ljutovac, K., Pirisi, A., de Crémoux, R., & Gonzalo, C. (2007). Somatic cells of goat and sheep milk: Analytical, sanitary, productive and technological aspects. Small Ruminant Research, 68(1-2), 126-144. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2006.09.012Revilla, I., Rodríguez-Nogales, J. M., & Vivar-Quintana, A. M. (2009). Effect of somatic cell counts on ewes’ milk protein profile and cheese-making properties in different sheep breeds reared in Spain. Journal of Dairy Research, 76(2), 210-215. doi:10.1017/s0022029909004002Maristela, R., Natalia, R., Gerardo, C., Jordi, S., & Gabriel, L. (2015). Effect of subclinical intrammamay infection on milk quality in dairy sheep: I. Fresh-soft cheese produced from milk of uninfected and infected glands and from their blends. Small Ruminant Research, 125, 127-136. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.02.019Saratsis, P., Alexopoulos, C., Tzora, A., & Fthenakis, G. . (1999). The effect of experimentally induced subclinical mastitis on the milk yield of dairy ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 32(3), 205-209. doi:10.1016/s0921-4488(98)00189-8SCHULTZ, L. H. (1977). Somatic Cells in Milk-Physiological Aspects and Relationship to Amount and Composition of Milk. Journal of Food Protection, 40(2), 125-131. doi:10.4315/0362-028x-40.2.125Silanikove, N., Merin, U., & Leitner, G. (2006). Physiological role of indigenous milk enzymes: An overview of an evolving picture. International Dairy Journal, 16(6), 533-545. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.08.015Silanikove, N., Merin, U., & Leitner, G. (2014). On effects of subclinical mastitis and stage of lactation on milk quality in goats. Small Ruminant Research, 122(1-3), 76-82. doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.07.018Vacca, G. M., Cipolat-Gotet, C., Paschino, P., Casu, S., Usai, M. G., Bittante, G., & Pazzola, M. (2019). Variation of milk technological properties in sheep milk: Relationships among composition, coagulation and cheese-making traits. International Dairy Journal, 97, 5-14. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.002Verdi, R. J., & Barbano, D. M. (1991). Effect of Coagulants, Somatic Cell Enzymes, and Extracellular Bacterial Enzymes on Plasminogen Activation. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(3), 772-782. doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(91)78224-6Vivar-Quintana, A. M., Beneitez De La Mano, E., & Revilla, I. (2006). Relationship between somatic cell counts and the properties of yoghurt made from ewes’ milk. International Dairy Journal, 16(3), 262-267. doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2005.03.00

Calidad de prescripción de montelukast en pacientes adultos: Estudio en tres farmacias comunitarias de la Comunidad Valenciana

Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la utilización de montelukast en adultos desde tres farmacias comunitarias.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, observacional en tres farmacias comunitarias (enero 2009 - febrero 2013) en pacientes mayores de 15 años que acuden a la farmacia con receta de montelukast. Los datos se recogen a través de encuesta (edad, patología, régimen terapéutico, duración del tratamiento, medicación asociada) y se valora la idoneidad de la prescripción según las indicaciones autorizadas y su adecuación a las guías de práctica clínica. Se remitió al médico, cuando se detectó un tratamiento inadecuado para la revisión del mismo.Resultados: Se incluyen un total de 106 pacientes, de los cuales, el 26 % no padece asma y están tomando montelukast fuera de indicación. De los asmáticos, el 29 % de los tratamientos pautados no se ajusta a las recomendaciones de las guías. Destaca tanto la elevada instauración de montelukast como tratamiento de inicio (59 % asmáticos, 63 % no asmáticos), como el empleo de montelukast en monoterapia (16 % asmáticos, 41 % no asmáticos).Conclusiones: Se está haciendo un uso fuera de indicación de montelukast en pacientes no asmáticos con rinitis alérgica o bronquitis que podría derivar de la falta de claridad en las indicaciones de algunas guías. Además, en pacientes asmáticos, no siempre se está utilizando montelukast según las recomendaciones de las guías clínicas, lo que evidencia la necesidad de información clara a los profesionales sanitarios sobre el papel de montelukast en la terapéutica actual

Effect of different substrates for organic agriculture in seedling development of traditional species of Solanaceae

Sowing of seedlings is one of the most critical processes on the establishment of a crop, since the future development of the plant depends largely on its health when is planted on the field. Moreover, organic agriculture has to deal with the low application of fertilizers and pesticides, which hinder the growth of seedlings. In this work, we studied the big influence of different mixtures of substrates suitable for organic agriculture based on peat, coconut husk and vermicompost in traditional varieties of tomato, pepper and eggplant. Our results indicate that the use of coconut husk based substrates in organic agriculture can reduce the growth of seedlings between 20 and 30% compared with peat-based substrates. Moreover, the plants growth in this substrate showed lower levels of chlorophyll and lower weight, but the results are strongly dependent on the species tested. Comparison between traditional plants demonstrates that traditional varieties are strongly influenced by the substrate, whereas the growth of a commercial variety of tomato barely differs when different substrates are used. The election of the substrate in organic agriculture is critical to the correct development of the plant, especially when traditional plant varieties are used.This work was carried under the collaboration agreement for training of students between the Universitat Jaume I and El3ments Sun, Water & Land Project

Diagnosis and Management of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and Its Nutritional and Respiratory Complications in the Elderly

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a major complaint among older people. Dysphagia may cause two types of complications in these patients: (a) a decrease in the efficacy of deglutition leading to malnutrition and dehydration, (b) a decrease in deglutition safety, leading to tracheobronchial aspiration which results in aspiration pneumonia and can lead to death. Clinical screening methods should be used to identify older people with oropharyngeal dysphagia and to identify those patients who are at risk of aspiration. Videofluoroscopy (VFS) is the gold standard to study the oral and pharyngeal mechanisms of dysphagia in older patients. Up to 30% of older patients with dysphagia present aspiration—half of them without cough, and 45%, oropharyngeal residue; and 55% older patients with dysphagia are at risk of malnutrition. Treatment with dietetic changes in bolus volume and viscosity, as well as rehabilitation procedures can improve deglutition and prevent nutritional and respiratory complications in older patients. Diagnosis and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia need a multidisciplinary approach

Antibiotic residues in milk and cheeses after the off-label use of macrolides in dairy goats

[EN] The limited availability of drugs registered for dairy goats makes veterinarians prescribe off-label treatments with a legally established minimum safety period of seven days. The aim of this work was to verify if the exceptional use of macrolide antibiotics in dairy goats generates residues in milk and cheeses within that period. Hence, three macrolide drugs (erythromycin, tylosin and spiramycin) were administred in an in vivo experiment in dairy goats. Ripened cheeses were made from bulk milk obtained before drug administration, 24¿h after treatment, and at the end of the recommended withdrawal period. Residual amounts of erythromycin (234.9¿±¿52.7¿¿g/kg), tylosin (198.7¿±¿57.8¿¿g/kg) and spiramycin (1539.8¿±¿469.4¿¿g/kg), widely exceeding their legal maximum residue limits (MRLs) established, were detected in milk collected 24¿h after treatment, making the cheese production in most cases impossible. After the seven-day period, only spiramycin was detected in goat¿s milk (79.6¿±¿19.2¿¿g/kg) although no antibiotic residues were found in the cheeses. A withdrawal time of seven days seems suitable to guarantee milk safety after the administration of erythromycin and tylosin without any negative effects neither on the milk nor on the and cheese properties. However, given the rapid elimination of these substances, a shorter withdrawal period might be considered. For spiramycin, persisting in milk for a longer period, further studies on its pharmacokinetics in dairy goats would be recommendable to avoid a potential risk to consumer health.This work is part of the AGL-2013-45147-R funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Madrid. Spain). The authors thank the 'Program of Support for Research and Development' (PAID-2014, UPV) for support P. Quintanilla PhD studies at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Quintanilla-Vázquez, PG.; Beltrán Martínez, MC.; Peris Palau, B.; Rodríguez Garcia, M.; Molina Pons, MP. (2018). Antibiotic residues in milk and cheeses after the off-label use of macrolides in dairy goats. Small Ruminant Research. 167:55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.08.008S556016

Social Networking and Science Research. The MIT-UPV and Metal 2.0 Cases

The value of social networking for business isn't so clear but in other areas it has been very advanced, as in the world of collaborative research and business at the international level, can affect joint enterprise (enterprise-level) is displayed as shown in the results of the collaboration project Networking between MIT and the UPV (http://mitupv.mit.edu) and UPV and AIMME1 (http://www.metal20.org/). Most of the measurable benefits such as improved collaboration and multimedia documentation are already in place. In terms of all the components of social networking, being on a single platform, we already have that, too, in the form of unified communications (UC). Many experts conclude that the crowdsourcing can be applied to a wide variety of problems, and that it raises numerous interesting technical and social challenges. Given the success of current CS systems, they expect that this emerging field will grow rapidly. In the near future, they foresee three major directions: more generic platforms, more applications and structure, and more users and complex contributions. The networks have a life. They grow, change, reproduce, survive and die. A social network is a kind of super human, with an anatomy and physiology of their own. Social networks can develop a type of intelligence that increases or supplements individual intelligence.Gil Pechuán, I.; Conesa García, MP.; Peris-Ortiz, M. (2012). Social Networking and Science Research. The MIT-UPV and Metal 2.0 Cases. En Advanced Topics in Multimedia Research. InTech. 53-64. doi:10.5772/36052S536