The PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 prevents LPS-induced nitrite production in rat parenchyma but not in aorta or pulmonary arteries

Peroxisome Proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are therapeutic targets in the treatment of inflammatory lung disease. The PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 has potent anti-inflammatory effects in the vasculature (Kapoor et al 2010) which has been linked to a decrease in the production of iNOS in the heart (Kapoor 2010) and activation of Akt-eNOS in arteries (Quintela et al 2014). Here in this study we measured changes in LPS induced NO production in rat arteries and lung parenchyma. Male Wistar (300-350g) rats were killed by CO2 followed by cervical dislocation, and the aorta, conductance and resistance pulmonary arteries and lung parenchyma were dissected under sterile conditions, and placed into 24 well plates. Following incubation with 1µg/ml LPS with/without 10-7M GW0742 tissues were incubated for 24 hours, and Griess assay performed to measure nitrite production (a measure of NO release).Our results show that LPS induces a significant increase in NO production from arteries and parenchyma (figure 1). Incubation with GW0742 alone has no effect on basal nitrite levels and does not have an effect on LPS-induced NO production in all types of arteries. In comparison, GW0742 significantly reduces LPS induced NO release in lung parenchyma comparable to inhibition by 10-4M L-NAME and 10-5M 1400W.Figure 1. 2mm rings of aorta, conductance pulmonary artery (CPS), resistance pulmonary artery (RPA) and 1mm2 lung parenchyma strips (lung) were incubated with 1ug/ml LPS ± 10-7M GW0742 in DMEM for 24 hours. Supernatant was removed and Griess assay performed to measure nitrite. Data is expressed as mean ± SEM; * and f denote p<0.05 by one way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test, respectively.In summary, incubation for 24 hours with 10-7M GW0742 significantly reduced LPS induced nitrite production in lung parenchyma but not in aorta or pulmonary arteries (conductance and resistance). These data suggest that the effects of PPARβ/δ agonists are tissue specific and might support their use as anti-inflammatory agents in lung disease. Kapoor et al Am J Respir Crit Care Med (2010):182; 1506–1515Quintela et al British Journal of Pharmacology (2014):171; 3089–3102Peer reviewe

Determinación de la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico mediante el índice de estética dental en pacientes de Tepic, Nayarit

Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was developed to classify cosmetic dentistry and orthodontic treatment needs on a scale of social norms for socially acceptable dental appearance. Materials and methods: 384 patients were analyzed models in permanent dentition who attended private practice of orthodontics in Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico from 2009 to 2014, which were valued using the DAI index. The results with a Student t test (p <0.05) and ANOVA (p <0.05) were compared. Results: According to the priority level of the female gender group was the most frequent with 62%. 85% require orthodontic treatment, 26% has definite malocclusion and requires treatment, 24% have severemalocclusion and highly desired treatment and 35% was reported with disabling malocclusion and priority compulsory treatment. Conclusion: the need for orthodontic treatment was 85%, was presented with the highest percentage disabling malocclusion with priority need for compulsory treatment.El Índice de Estética Dental (DAI) fue desarrollado para clasificar la estética dental y necesidades de tratamiento de ortodoncia en una escala de normas sociales para una apariencia dental socialmente aceptable. Material y método: Se analizaron 384 modelos de pacientes en dentición permanente que acudieron a consulta privada de ortodoncia en Tepic, Nayarit, México del 2009 al 2014, los cuales fueron valorados mediante el índice DAI. Se compararon los resultados con una prueba de t Student (p<0.05) y de ANOVA (p<0.05). Resultados: De acuerdo al nivel de priorización por género el grupo femenino fue el de mayor frecuencia con el 62%. El 85% requiere tratamiento de ortodoncia, el 26% tiene maloclusión definitiva y requiere tratamiento, el 24% tiene maloclusión severa y tratamiento muy deseado y el 35% se reportó con maloclusión discapacitante y tratamiento obligatorio prioritario. Conclusión: la necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia fue del 85%, se presentó con mayor porcentaje la maloclusión discapacitante con necesidad de tratamiento obligatorio prioritario

La posición sesgada : miradas a la narrativa reciente en América Latina

La posición sesgada reúne doce trabajos críticos que abordan textos literarios latinoamericanos publicados entre 2000 y 2013, y con los que se invita a reflexionar sobre los complejos contextos de escritura, las multifacéticas realidades de sus países y sus literaturas. El título de este volumen, alude, por un lado, a la analogía entre la circunstancia de un testigo y la de un crítico literario, para observar la obra antes de comunicar sus experiencias de lectura, propuesta en El camino de ida por Ricardo Piglia; por otro, remite al examen oblicuo que, como lo propone Slavoj Žižek, en Violence: Six Sideways Reflections, implica un desarrollo reflexivo objetivo, una distancia crítica, esto es, una estrategia de trabajo. El libro está agrupado en cuatro segmentos que sintetizan las tendencias teórico-críticas que interesan a los miembros del senalc y que, a su vez, debaten entre sí: Figuraciones de la escritura, Trasgresiones genéricas, Ficciones políticas y Territorios de la memoria. Estas divisiones, más que cajas cerradas, son núcleos de análisis, por lo que el lector podrá encontrar una rica variedad de enfoques y estrategias de abordaje. Las ensayos aquí reunidos revisan la obra de autores como: Ricardo Piglia, Diego Meret, Alonso Sánchez Baute, Eduardo Lalo, Antonio José Ponte, Héctor Abad Faciolince, Juan Gabriel Vásquez, Luis Britto García, Sergio Galarza, Daniel Alarcón, Fernando Iwasaki, Luis Fernando Verissimo, Rubem Fonseca, Cristino Bogado, Pedro Lemebel, Damián Cabrera, Yuri Herrera y Sergio Pitol.Libro

Comparison of the incidence rates of CHIKV and DENV infection in 2014 and 2015 in Panama.

<p>Comparison of the incidence rates of CHIKV and DENV infection in 2014 and 2015 in Panama.</p

Epidemic curve and vector infestation level reported for each epidemiological week during 2014 and 2015 in Panama and San Miguelito districts.

<p><b>(A)</b> Epidemic curve of CHIKV infections (97/107) from epidemiological week 19 in 2014 to 26 in 2015; autochthonous (red) and impor (blue) cases reported. (<b>B)</b> Time serial analysis showing data collected (black), interpolated (grey) and predicted (red) of <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> and <i>Ae</i>. <i>albopictus</i> infestation level. (<b>C)</b> Abundance tendency of <i>Ae</i>. <i>aegypti</i> (blue bars) and <i>Ae. albopictus</i> (black line).</p

Epidemic curve of chikungunya and dengue cases reported in Panama country from 2014 to July 2015.

<p><b>A.</b> Red bar represents Chikungunya imported cases and blue bar autochthonous cases. <b>B.</b> Blue dots represent dengue positive cases in the country of Panama from the National Dengue surveillance program (left axis). From this surveillance ICGES detected ~10% (577/6459) of the national dengue positive cases (green broken line, right axis). All the positive Chikungunya cases (red bar, right axis) from the National Chikungunya Surveillance program were analyzed at ICGES.</p

Confirmed chikungunya cases distribution in all Panamanian national territory.

<p>Map of Panama with a closer view of Panama City and its surrounding areas. Red triangles represent the cases of 2014 while green dots cases of 2015.</p