Aprendizaje de la programación guiado por los errores de compilación

Los errores de programación y en concreto los de tiempo de compilación siempre han sido un área de interés en el campo de la enseñanza de la programación. Esto lo demuestran los distintos artículos que aparecen periódicamente en congresos de docencia de la informática, tanto nacionales como internacionales. Estos estudios se basan en la relación entre errores de programación y carencias conceptuales o malas prácticas de programación, y orientar a los docentes en las áreas y conceptos de programación que se tendrían que reforzar en la enseñanza de la programación. Sin embargo, estos estudios se realizan siempre fuera del proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, con lo cual sólo se extraen conclusiones generales para posteriores cursos y sin poder proporcionar una realimentación real e individualizada a los alumnos. Hemos creado un sistema, denominado COLMENA que se integra con el entorno de desarrollo integrado para recopilar información sobre el análisis estático, errores de compilación y warnings, que los estudiantes generan durante un ejercicio de programación. Además, esta información sobre errores se visualiza a los usuarios clasificada por familias de errores, sesiones de prácticas y alumnos. Permitiendo al profesor realizar un seguimiento completamente personalizado, para un grupo o un alumno concreto. Por otra parte, facilita la documentación de los distintos errores, estableciendo una relación de estos con los conceptos de programación y buenas prácticas relacionadas. Además, permite a los alumnos darse cuenta de los errores que cometen con más frecuencia y reforzar el conocimiento de estos. A través de esta herramienta, por tanto, se consigue un flujo de intercambio de información que puede ayudar a profesores y alumnos en la mejora del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, y así perfeccionar explícitamente detalles sobre pautas de programación o conceptos relativos a la misma que antes no se apreciaban o conocer la evolución de los errores de un grupo a lo largo de una asignatura.SUMMARY -- Studies on errors in programming activities have always been considered relevant among scientific communities. Thus, different approaches are explored every year in national and international conferences about programming teaching and learning. All of these studies deal with the relationship between programming errors and bad habits in programming, in order to generate guidance for teachers in concepts where their students fail. However, these kinds of studies are conducted outside the students' natural programming process, which prevents teachers from receiving a feedback report in real-time. We have created an eclipse plug-in, called COLMENA, whose purpose is to recover compilation errors and warnings generated by the students during programming lessons. Moreover, this information is displayed in a specific portal where students can retrieve information about the errors, their solutions and different reports about individual and collective information, such as specific groups or sessions inside a subject. Students have the possibility to learn about the solution to their most common errors in the system or their top-10 error list. Through COLMENA, we aim to assist teachers and students with programming tips and ideas that generate less errors and improve the teacher-learning process. This kind of information, previously discarded, allows us to gain a new perspective about the problems that users have in a specific practical lesson or in a whole subject

Tannerella forsythia is associated with increased levels of atherogenic low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol in chronic periodontitis

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that acute and chronic infections with periodontopathogens are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to assess whether Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with increased levels of atherogenic low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and body mass index (BMI) in chronic periodontitis patients. Material and Methods: Medical history and clinical and radiographic examination were conducted in 80 chronic periodontitis patients and 28 healthy individuals. Fasting blood samples were drawn for the measurement of the parameters of dyslipidemia. Anthropometric measurements such as height in meters and weight in kilograms were recorded. Both periodontitis and control subjects were asked to answer a questionnaire with regard to their socio- demographic and smoking status. The presence of T. forsythia , and P. gingivalis was detected using primers designed to target the respective 16S rRNA gene sequences. Results: The occurrence of T. forsythia and P. gingivalis was higher in the group of subjects with periodontitis. Superior levels of triglycerides were observed in chronic periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals. High levels of TC in periodontitis persons were significantly associated with increased bleeding on probing. Greater mean levels of TC and LDL were shown in the presence of T. forsythia ( P <0.05). Likewise, higher proportions of patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 related with T. forsythia ( P <0.05). T. forsythia was a significant discriminating factor in the multivariate linear regression model emerging as significant explanatory of increased levels of TC (β=17,879, 95% CI = 4,357-31,401; p =0.01) and LDL (β=17,162, 95% CI= 4,009-30,316; p =0.01). Conclusions: Higher levels of serum total cholesterol and LDL were observed in the occurrence of T. forsythia and the presence of this periodontopathogen may increase the atherogenic potency of low-density lipoprotein that may augment the risk for atherosclerosis in periodontal disease patients

Diseño e implementación del sistema de gestión de seguridad y salud en el trabajo para la empresa E.P Construcciones S.A.S según los lineamientos del decreto no. 1072 de 2015.

Este trabajo se llevó a cabo para presentar un diseño e implementación del sistema de gestión de salud y seguridad ocupacional a la empresa EP CONSTRUCCIONES SAS, del sector de la construcción, de acuerdo con lo establecido en el Decreto 1072 de 2015, en el libro 2, parte 2, título 4, capítulo 6, específicamente representado en la Resolución 1111 de 2017. Inicialmente, se realizó un diagnóstico a través de la evaluación inicial anexa en la resolución 1111 de 2017, que identificó la inconsistencia de la empresa con respecto a la documentación y la prioridad que debe tomarse para identificar los riesgos asociados con la actividad económica de la empresa. Luego de analizar los resultados, se presenta a la empresa un plan de mejora donde se planea ejecutar y cumplir con los requisitos exigidos en la resolución y aumentar el porcentaje de cumplimiento en la evaluación inicial. Para comenzar el objetivo propuesto, presentamos un diseño con la documentación sugerida para el sistema de gestión de salud y seguridad ocupacional de EP CONSTRUCCIONES SAS, y cumplimos con cada criterio justificado en el plan de mejora, ejecutando cada actividad, evidenciando en cada fase (PHVA) , contando con el apoyo de la gerencia, de esta manera es posible organizar, una base del sistema que permita facilitar el desarrollo de las actividades programadas, en relación a la salud y seguridad de los trabajadores en busca de una mejor calidad de la vida y el servicio de la empresa, al ejecutar las actividades de construcción, cumpliendo así con los estándares mínimos de la resolución, evitando sanciones en el momento de la revisión por parte del Ministerio de Trabajo. Este sistema incluye mantenimiento y mejora continua, para continuar con los procedimientos, programas, indicadores y otros documentos que requieren actualización, se recomienda contratar un profesional en el área, responsable del cumplimiento de las actividades enmarcadas en el plan de trabajo anual.This work was carried out to present a design and implementation of the occupational health and safety management system to the company EP CONSTRUCCIONES SAS, of the construction sector, in accordance with the provisions of Decree 1072 of 2015, in book 2, part 2, title 4, chapter 6, specifically represented in Resolution 1111 of 2017. Initially, a diagnosis was made through the initial evaluation annexed in resolution 1111 of 2017, which identified the inconsistency of the company with respect to the documentation and the priority that must be taken to identify the risks associated with the economic activity of the company. After analyzing the results, the company is presented with an improvement plan where it is planned to execute and comply with the requirements demanded in the resolution and increase the percentage of compliance in the initial evaluation. To start the proposed objective, we present a design with the suggested documentation for the occupational health and safety management system of EP CONSTRUCCIONES SAS, and we comply with each justified criterion in the improvement plan, executing each activity, evidencing in each phase (PHVA ), counting on the support of the management, in this way it is possible to organize, a base of the system that allows to facilitate the development of the programmed activities, in relation to the health and safety of the workers in search of a better quality of life and the service of the company, when executing the construction activities, thus complying with the minimum standards of the resolution, thus avoiding sanctions at the time of the revision by the Ministry of Labor. This system includes maintenance and continuous improvement, to continue with the procedures, programs, indicators and other documents that require updating, it is recommended to hire a professional in the area, responsible for compliance with the activities framed in the annual work plan

Face Recognition Based on Texture Descriptors

In this chapter, the performance of different texture descriptor algorithms used in face feature extraction tasks are analyzed. These commonly used algorithms to extract texture characteristics from images, with quite good results in this task, are also expected to provide fairly good results when used to characterize the face in an image. To perform the testing task, an AR face database, which is a standard database that contains images of 120 people, was used, including 70 images with different facial expressions and 30 with sunglasses, and all of them with different illumination intensity. To train the recognition system from one to seven images were used for each person. Different classifiers like Euclidean distance, cosine distance, and support vector machine (SVM) were also used, and the results obtained were higher than 98% for classification, achieving a good performance in verification task. This chapter was also compared with other schemes, showing the effectiveness of all of them

Riesgo suicida y factores asociados en estudiantes de Psicología en una Universidad pública de Colombia

Introducción: El suicidio es una problemática mundial de salud pública. Para la detección se destacan dos factores: las conductas autolíticas y la ideación. Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo suicida y factores asociados en un grupo de estudiantes de Psicología de una Universidad pública de Colombia. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo y diseño transversal, a un grupo de 1 265 estudiantes de Psicología. El riesgo suicida se evaluó a través de la prueba ISO-30; además, se diseñó un cuestionario que solicitaba información socio-demográfico, de salud y autolesiones. Se calcularon medidas descriptivas y de asociación. Los instrumentos se aplicaron en el primer semestre de 2013, y se solicitó consentimiento informado de los participantes. Resultados: Se encontró que 3,6% presenta riesgo alto de suicidio, y que 9,1% se ha autolesionado, al menos, una vez en la vida. En relación con el riesgo alto de suicidio, se encontró que el riesgo de las mujeres triplica al de los hombres; quienes proceden de Zona Occidente presentan ocho veces más riesgo que los de Centro Oriente; por cada estudiante que presenta riesgo y no se ha autolesionado, hay cinco que sí lo han hecho; además, por cada estudiante que realizó una autolesión de riesgo mínimo, hay seis estudiantes que se autolesionaron de manera grave, buscando morir.  Conclusiones: El sexo, la edad, los antecedentes de autolesión y de consulta a servicios de salud, pueden ser predictores importantes del riesgo suicida en estudiantes universitarios. Mayor investigación es requerida en este campo.Palabras Clave: Colombia, estudiantes universitarios, ideación suicida, intento suicidio, factores de riesgo, mortalidad, suicidio. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Suicide is a global public health problem. To detecting two factors are standouts, autolytic behaviors and ideation. Objective: Was evaluate the suicidal risk and associated factorsin a group of Psychology students in a public college of Colombia. Material and Methods: A study of quantitative approach and transversal design with a group of 1265 Psychology students, was performed. Suicidal risk was evaluated through ISO-30 test, and a questionnaire was designed asking for sociodemographic, health, and self-harm numbers information. Descriptive and association measures were calculated. These instruments were applied during first half of the year 2013, with previous informed consent from every participant. Results: Was found that 3, 6% have high suicidal risk, and 9, 1% have harmed themselves at least once in life. In relation to high risk of suicide, was found that women have three times more risk than men; those from west zone have eight times more risk than those from eastern center zone; for each student who is at risk and has not been harmed themselves, there are five who do what they have done; in addition, each student made a minimal risk of self-harm, there are six students who injured themselves seriously in seeking death. Conclusions: Sex, age self-harm and consultation antecedents into health services, can be important predictors of suicidal risk in college students. This field needs more investigation. Key Words: Colombia, mortality, risk factors, suicidal ideation, suicide, suicide attempts, college students.</p

Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite broad advances in multimodal treatment of locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), 30 to 40% of patients develop loco-regional relapse. The aim of this study was to analyze in a retrospective manner the effectiveness of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRTh) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in patients with LABC.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>One hundred twelve patients with LABC (stage IIB-IIIB) were treated with NCT (5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m², doxorubicin 50 mg/m², and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m²(FAC), or doxorubicin 50 mg/m²and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m²(AC) IV in four 21-day courses) followed by CCRTh (60 Gy breast irradiation and weekly mitomycin 5 mg/m², 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m², and dexamethasone 16 mg, or cisplatin 30 mg/m², gemcitabine 100 mg/m²and dexamethasone 16 mg), and 6–8 weeks later, surgery and two additional courses of FAC, AC, or paclitaxel 90 mg/m²weekly for 12 weeks, and in case of estrogen-receptor positive patients, hormonal therapy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Stages IIB, IIIA and -B were 21.4, 42.9, and 35.7%, respectively. Pathological complete response (pCR) in the breast was 42% (95% CI, 33.2–50.5%) and, 29.5% (95% CI, 21.4–37.5%) if including both the breast and the axillary nodes. Multivariate analysis showed that the main determinant of pCR was negative estrogen-receptor status (HR = 3.8; 95% CI, 1.5–9; <it>p </it>= 0.016). The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 76.9% (95% CI, 68.2–84.7%). No relationship between pCR and DFS was found. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the main DFS determinant was clinical stage (IIB and IIIA <it>vs. </it>IIIB, HR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.02–9.74; <it>p </it>= 0.04). Only one patient had local recurrence. Five-year overall survival was 84.2% (95% CI, 75–93.2%). The toxicity profile was acceptable.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This non-conventional multimodal treatment has good loco-regional control for LABC. Randomized clinical trials of preoperative CCRTh following chemotherapy, in patients with LABC are warranted.</p

Labeling galectin-3 for the assessment of myocardial infarction in rats

Background: Galectin-3 is a beta-galactoside-binding lectin expressed in most of tissues in normal conditions and overexpressed in myocardium from early stages of heart failure (HF). It is an established biomarker associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover during myocardial remodeling. The aim of this study is to test the ability of I-123-galectin-3 (IG3) to assess cardiac remodeling in a model of myocardial infarction (MI) using imaging techniques. Methods: Recombinant galectin-3 was labeled with iodine-123 and in vitro binding assays were conducted to test I-123-galectin-3 ability to bind to ECM targets. For in vivo studies, a rat model of induced-MI was used. Animals were subjected to magnetic resonance and micro-SPETC/micro-CT imaging two (2 W-MI) or four (4 W-MI) weeks after MI. Sham rats were used as controls. Pharmacokinetic, biodistribution, and histological studies were also performed after intravenous administration of IG3. Results: In vitro studies revealed that IG3 shows higher binding affinity (measured as counts per minute, cpm) (p < 0.05) to laminin (2.45 +/- 1.67 cpm), fibronectin (4.72 +/- 1.95 cpm), and collagen type I (1.88 +/- 0.53 cpm) compared to bovine serum albumin (BSA) (0.88 +/- 0.31 cpm). Myocardial quantitative IG3 uptake (\%ID/g) was higher (p < 0.01) in the infarct of 2 W-MI rats (0.15 +/- 0.04\%) compared to control (0.05 +/- 0.03\%). IG3 infarct uptake correlates with the extent of scar (r(s) = 1, p = 0.017). Total collagen deposition in the infarct (percentage area) was higher (p < 0.0001) at 2 W-MI (24.2 +/- 5.1\%) and 4 W-MI (30.4 +/- 7.5\%) compared to control (1.9 +/- 1.1\%). However, thick collagen content in the infarct (square micrometer stained) was higher at 4 W-MI (20.5 +/- 11.2 mu m(2)) compared to control (4.7 +/- 2.0 mu m(2), p < 0.001) and 2 W-MI (10.6 +/- 5.1 mu m(2), p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study shows, although preliminary, enough data to consider IG3 as a potential contrast agent for imaging of myocardial interstitial changes in rats after MI. Labeling strategies need to be sought to improve in vivo IG3 imaging, and if proven, galectin-3 might be used as an imaging tool for the assessment and treatment of MI patients.This work was supported by Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) through the Cardio-Image program (TA and CPM).S

An 89Zr-HDL PET Tracer Monitors Response to a CSF1R Inhibitor

The immune function within the tumor microenvironment has become a prominent therapeutic target, with tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) playing a critical role in immune suppression. We propose an 89Zr-labeled high-density lipoprotein (89Zr-HDL) nanotracer as a means of monitoring response to immunotherapy. Methods: Female MMTV-PyMT mice were treated with pexidartinib, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, to reduce TAM density. The accumulation of 89Zr-HDL within the tumor was assessed using PET/CT imaging and autoradiography, whereas TAM burden was determined using immunofluorescence. Results: A significant reduction in 89Zr-HDL accumulation was observed in PET/CT images, with 2.9% ± 0.3% and 3.7% ± 0.2% injected dose/g for the pexidartinib- and vehicle-treated mice, respectively. This reduction was corroborated ex vivo and correlated with decreased TAM density. Conclusion: These results support the potential use of 89Zr-HDL nanoparticles as a PET tracer to quickly monitor the response to CSF1R inhibitors and other therapeutic strategies targeting TAMs.We thank the Small Animal Imaging Core, the Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, and the Molecular Cytology Core at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01 CA204441, P30 CA008748 and R01 CA220234. The authors thank the Tow Foundation and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's Center for Molecular Imaging & Nanotechnology (CMINT), the Imaging and Radiation Sciences Program and the MSK Molecularly Targeted Intraoperative Imaging Fund.S

Uveitis and Acute Interstitial Nephritis: What to Expect

A 46-year-old female patient presenting with acute interstitial nephritis and anterior uveitis was admitted. The renal biopsy disclosed the presence of interstitial nephritis, confirming the clinical diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome. Treatment with oral steroids was started, with prompt improvement of symptoms and laboratory abnormalities

Neuroprotective effect of a pharmaceutical extract of cannabis with high content on CBD against rotenone in primary cerebellar granule cell cultures and the relevance of formulations

Preclinical research supports the benefits of pharmaceutical cannabis-based extracts for treating different medical conditions (e.g., epilepsy); however, their neuroprotective potential has not been widely investigated. Using primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells, we evaluated the neuroprotective activity of Epifractan (EPI), a cannabis-based medicinal extract containing a high level of cannabidiol (CBD), components like terpenoids and flavonoids, and trace levels of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the acid form of CBD. We determined the ability of EPI to counteract the rotenone-induced neurotoxicity by analyzing cell viability and morphology of neurons and astrocytes by immunocytochemical assays. The effect of EPI was compared with XALEX, a plant-derived and highly purified CBD formulation (XAL), and pure CBD crystals (CBD). The results revealed that EPI induced a significant reduction in the rotenone induced neurotoxicity in a wide range of concentrations without causing neurotoxicity per se. EPI showed a similar effect to XAL suggesting that no additive or synergistic interactions between individual substances present in EPI occurred. In contrast, CBD did show a different profile to EPI and XAL since a neurotoxic effect per se was observed at the higher concentrations assayed. Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil used in EPI formulation could explain this difference. Our data support a neuroprotective effect of EPI which may provide neuroprotection in different neurodegenerative processes. The results highlight the role of CBD as the active component of EPI but also support the need for an appropriate formulation to dilute pharmaceutical cannabis-based products, which could be critical to avoid neurotoxicity at very high doses.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovació