Immigration and Trauma: Examining Coping and Resiliency Among Latina/o Immigrants

Presentation made at Latinos in the Heartland (12th : 2014 : St. Louis, Mo.) and published in the annual conference proceedingLatinas/os are the largest racial/ethnic minority group, accounting for 16% of the U.S. population (Census, 2010). Between 2000 and 2010, more than half of the growth in the United States was due in part to Latinas/os (Census, 2010). Historically, the immigration process for Latina/o immigrants has been known to cause significant distress and to present perilous obstacles. Specifically, traumatic experiences and stressors while crossing the U.S./Mexico border were commonly found among Latinas/os (Shattell et al., 2008). In regards to rates of trauma, Fortuna, Porche, & Alegria (2008) found that 76% of Latina/o immigrants have had other traumatic experiences such as personal, physical, and sexual violence, in addition to political violence. With increasing immigration rates and significantly high trauma rates, it is important to analyze coping mechanisms and resiliency amongst Latina/o immigrants who experience adverse events as they transition into the United States. Cultural values and their influence on coping amongst Latina/o immigrants are often shaped by cultural and individual differences, also influencing the perception of what resources are available and acceptable for individuals (Bonnano, 2004). Latina/o cultural values, particularly amongst Mexican individuals, enact family and religious rituals that create a sense of collectivism, support, and ?familismo,? which ultimately emphasizes the prominence of support (Cervantes & Ramirez, 1992). Although familismo support has been vital to the transition process of Latina/o immigrants in the United States, there is limited literature on coping mechanisms they use. The research on coping suggests that Latinas/os engage in positive reinterpretation, focusing and venting emotions, social support, active coping, religion, emotional support, and planning as ways to cope, and those mechanisms were associated with positive physical and psychological health (Vaughn & Roesch, 2003). Additionally, Lucid (2010) reported that self-affirmation coping was a common Latina/o cultural value, which was found through religious faith. However, the limited research previously conducted on Latina/o coping strategies has primarily targeted college students, leaving a large portion of the Latina/o population less studied. The immigration experience is daunting and traumatic as Latinas/os encounter unknown terrain. This exploratory paper summarizes available literature relating to trauma, coping, and resiliency among Latina/o immigrants and suggests next steps for interventions. Additionally, this paper will introduce and explore the various types of trauma experienced by Latinas/os www.cambio.missouri.edu/Library/ 94 Cambio de Colores/Change of Colors | 2012 Conference Proceedings Immigration and Trauma: An Overview Latina/os are the largest racial/ethnic minority group, accounting for 16% of the U.S. population (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). Between 2000 and 2010, more than half of the growth in the United States was due in part to Latina/os (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). According to the Department of Homeland Security Report (2009), Mexican and Central American immigrants together account for 37% of all U.S. immigrants (4.7% of the total U.S. population). Given the high influx of Latina/os that are arriving in the United States, it is important to assess the likelihood that traveling immigrants will experience dangers, obstacles, and trauma. In addition, Latina/o immigrants experience discrimination not only in the United States upon arrival, but also within their home countries (Fortuna, Porche, & Alegria, 2008; Finch, Kolody, &Vega, 2000). This may serve as one factor towards increasing motivation to immigrate. Therefore, it is vital to examine the various dangers and traumas experienced during the immigration process and the negative psychological and behavioral effects on Latina/o immigrants. This exploratory paper summarizes the available literature relating to trauma, coping, and resiliency among Latina/o immigrants and suggests next steps for interventions. There are a vast number of perilous obstacles that Latina/os may face en route to the United States when traveling from their home countries. The dangers encountered by undocumented immigrants crossing the U.S.-Mexico border consist of environmental conditions (heat and cold injuries), traumatic injuries (dehydration), and encounters with wild animals (DeLuca, McEwen, & Keim, 2008). However, there are additional traumatic events that Latina/o immigrants may encounter en route to the United States. Traumatic events can also include, but are not limited to, deaths of others who are traveling in the same group, encounters with border patrol, physical injuries, physical assault at the hands of their coyote, and sexual abuse (DeLuca et al., 2008). Also, DeLuca et al. (2008) reported that even with the known dangers and potential adversity, 63% of their sample stated that they would attempt crossing a second and third time if they were not successful on the first attempt. An encounter with such experiences during immigration may increase the likelihood of experiencing some form of psychological distress and negative behavioral outcomes. Historically, the immigration process for Latina/os has been known to cause significant distress and present hazardous obstacles. Specifically, traumatic experiences and stressors while crossing the U.S.-Mexico border were commonly found among Latina/os (Shattell et al., 2008). In regards to rates of trauma, 76% of Latina/o immigrants have experienced other traumatic experiences such as personal, physical, and sexual violence in addition to political violence (Fortuna, Porche, & Alegria, 2008). With regard to sexual trauma, Cuevas and Sabina?s (2010) research suggests that lifetime rates of sexual assault may be as high as 17.2% among Latina women, whereas research among Latino men is virtually nonexistent. The rates of personal, physical, and sexual violence warrant further investigation regarding sexual assault, in addition to the research that has been conducted on political violence. This does not suggest that personal, physical, and sexual violence are weighted higher in severity of psychological distress among Latina/o immigrants than political violence, rather, it is necessary to continue the examination of all possible traumas that may be experienced. Trauma and violence are additional societal concerns in Latin American countries. With Keywords: immigrant trauma, migration issues, violence toward immigrants during migration that include (but are not limited to) exposure to political violence, psychosocial trauma, sexual violence, and witnessing violence (Fortuna, Porche, & Alegria, 2008)

Effects of introgressed 4Nv Aegilops ventricosa chromosome on yield and yield components in bread wheat.

Effects of introgressed 4Nv Aegilops ventricosa chromosome on yield and yield components in bread whea

Characterization of a raspberry Pi as the core for a low-cost multimodal EEG-fNIRS platform.

Poor understanding of brain recovery after injury, sparsity of evaluations and limited availability of healthcare services hinders the success of neurorehabilitation programs in rural communities. The availability of neuroimaging ca-pacities in remote communities can alleviate this scenario supporting neurorehabilitation programs in remote settings. This research aims at building a multimodal EEG-fNIRS neuroimaging platform deployable to rural communities to support neurorehabilitation efforts. A Raspberry Pi 4 is chosen as the CPU for the platform responsible for presenting the neurorehabilitation stimuli, acquiring, processing and storing concurrent neuroimaging records as well as the proper synchronization between the neuroimaging streams. We present here two experiments to assess the feasibility and characterization of the Raspberry Pi as the core for a multimodal EEG-fNIRS neuroimaging platform; one over controlled conditions using a combination of synthetic and real data, and another from a full test during resting state. CPU usage, RAM usage and operation temperature were measured during the tests with mean operational records below 40% for CPU cores, 13.6% for memory and 58.85 ° C for temperatures. Package loss was inexistent on synthetic data and negligible on experimental data. Current consumption can be satisfied with a 1000 mAh 5V battery. The Raspberry Pi 4 was able to cope with the required workload in conditions of operation similar to those needed to support a neurorehabilitation evaluation

Influence of the photon - neutrino processes on magnetar cooling

The photon-neutrino processes $\gamma e^{\pm} \to e^{\pm} \nu \bar \nu$, $\gamma \to \nu \bar \nu$ and $\gamma \gamma \to \nu \bar \nu$ are investigated in the presence of a strongly magnetized and dense electron-positron plasma. The amplitudes of the reactions $\gamma e^{\pm} \to e^{\pm} \nu \bar \nu$ and $\gamma \gamma \to \nu \bar \nu$ are obtained. In the case of a cold degenerate plasma contributions of the considering processes to neutrino emissivity are calculated. It is shown that contribution of the process $\gamma \gamma \to \nu \bar \nu$ to neutrino emissivity is supressed in comparision with the contributions of the processes $\gamma e^{\pm} \to e^{\pm} \nu \bar \nu$ and $\gamma \to \nu \bar \nu$. The constraint on the magnetic field strength in the magnetar outer crust is obtained.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, 2 PS figures, based on the talk presented by D.A. Rumyantsev at the XV International Seminar Quarks'2008, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Region, May 23-29, 2008, to appear in the Proceeding

Workplace interventions for cardiovascular diseases: protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, impacting on public and private sectors. Current traditional interventions to prevent CVDs are mainly provided in healthcare centres and even when they are effective, they are not enough to reduce the rising prevalence; therefore, additional strategies are needed. Evidence suggests that health interventions in the workplace supply numerous benefits improving cardiovascular risk factor profiles in individuals. Hence, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to collate the evidence from randomised controlled trials, cluster randomised trials and quasi-experimental studies of workplace interventions to determine their effectiveness in terms of improving cardiovascular risk factors and preventing CVDs. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials.gov and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global will be searched to include articles on workplace interventions in adults for CVDs events, cardiometabolic risk factors or behavioural risk factors. The study selection, data extraction, risk of bias and the assessment of the quality of the body of evidence will be conducted by two reviewers working in parallel and disagreements will be resolved by consensus or consultations with a third reviewer. Data synthesis will be done by meta-analysis using random-effects models when possible, otherwise the vote counting method will be applied. Statistical heterogeneity will be assessed by a χ(2) test and I(2) statistics. The quality of the body of evidence for each outcome will be assessed by applying the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review protocol. The results of the systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be publicly available. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021276161

Teaching DBT Skills to DACA Recipients and their Families: Findings from an ECHO Program

Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) offers temporary administrative relief from deportation for undocumented immigrant adolescents and young adults who were brought as children to the United States. Accordingly, DACA has contributed to creating a different landscape of opportunities for this group. However, DACA has been and continues to be highly contested in the national political climate. Threats to DACA give rise to considerable anxiety, fear, and distress among its recipients, who face significant barriers to accessing mental health care services. Thus, a group of psychologists partnered with a leading immigrant rights advocacy organization and formed a reciprocal collaboration to understand and meet the mental health needs of undocumented communities. A major focus of the collaboration is to foster learning and support members of the immigrant community in contributing to their own well-being. The collaborative developed and delivered a stand-alone web-based mental health education session to DACA recipients and their families and practitioners serving this population. The session presented the use of dialectical behavioral therapy skills, three emotion regulation and four distress tolerance skills, as a strength-based approach to managing painful emotions and distress. Session content was adapted to include culturally informed examples for each skill. Quantitative and qualitative findings show that those who participated in the web-based program benefited from the education received. Findings also underscored participants’ need for learning culturally sensitive coping strategies for managing stress. We provide recommendations on the delivery of culturally congruent healing interventions for immigrants with a focus on enhancing access among immigrant communities

Exciton-carrier coupling in a metal halide perovskite nanocrystal assembly probed by two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy

The surface chemistry and inter-connectivity within perovskite nanocrystals play a critical role in determining the electronic interactions. They manifest in the Coulomb screening of electron-hole correlations and the carrier relaxation dynamics, among other many-body processes. Here, we characterize the coupling between the exciton and free carrier states close to the band-edge in a ligand-free formamidinium lead bromide nanocrystal assembly via two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. The optical signatures observed in this work show: (i) a nonlinear spectral lineshape reminiscent of Fano-like interference that evidences the coupling between discrete electronic states and a continuum, (ii) symmetric excited state absorption cross-peaks that suggest the existence of a coupled exciton-carrier excited state, and (iii) ultrafast carrier thermalization and exciton formation. Our results highlight the presence of coherent coupling between exciton and free carriers, particularly in the sub-100 femtosecond timescales

Intermediate snowpack melt-out dates guarantee the highest seasonal grasslands greening in the Pyrenees

In mountain areas, the phenology and productivity of grassland are closely related to snow dynamics. However, the influence that snow melt timing has on grassland growing still needs further attention for a full understanding, particularly at high spatial resolution. Aiming to reduce this knowledge gap, this work exploits 1 m resolution snow depth and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index observations acquired with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle at a sub-alpine site in the Pyrenees. During two snow seasons (2019–2020 and 2020–2021), 14 NDVI and 17 snow depth distributions were acquired over 48 ha. Despite the snow dynamics being different in the two seasons, the response of grasslands greening to snow melt-out exhibited a very similar pattern in both. The NDVI temporal evolution in areas with distinct melt-out dates reveals that sectors where the melt-out date occurs in late April or early May (optimum melt-out) reach the maximum vegetation productivity. Zones with an earlier or a later melt-out rarely reach peak NDVI values. The results obtained in this study area, suggest that knowledge about snow depth distribution is not needed to understand NDVI grassland dynamics. The analysis did not reveal a clear link between the spatial variability in snow duration and the diversity and richness of grassland communities within the study area

A New Force Field of Formamide and the Effect of the Dielectric Constant on Miscibility

Current force fields underestimate significantly the dielectric constant of formamide at standard conditions. We present a derivation of an accurate potential for formamide, with a functional form based on the OPLS/AA force field. Our procedure follows the approach introduced by Salas et al. (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2015, 11, 683−693) that relies on <i>ab initio</i> calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. We consider several strategies to derive the atomic charges of formamide. We find that the inclusion of polarization effects in the quantum mechanical computations is essential to obtain reliable force fields. By varying the atomic charges and the Lennard-Jones parameters describing the dispersion interactions in the OPLS/AA force field, we derive an optimum set of parameters that provides accurate results for the dielectric constant, surface tension, and bulk density of liquid formamide in a wide range of thermodynamic states. We test the transferability of our parameters to investigate liquid/liquid mixtures. We have chosen as case study an equimolar mixture of formamide and hexan-2-one. This mixture involves two fluids with very different polar characteristics, namely, large differences in their dielectric constants and their performance as solvents. The new potential predicts a liquid/liquid phase separation, in good agreement with experimental data, and highlights the importance of the correct parametrization of the pure liquid phases to investigate liquid mixtures. Finally, we examine the microscopic origin of the observed inmiscibility between formamide and hexa-2-one

Classification of phase transitions of finite Bose-Einstein condensates in power law traps by Fisher zeros

We present a detailed description of a classification scheme for phase transitions in finite systems based on the distribution of Fisher zeros of the canonical partition function in the complex temperature plane. We apply this scheme to finite Bose-systems in power law traps within a semi-analytic approach with a continuous one-particle density of states $\Omega(E)\sim E^{d-1}$ for different values of $d$ and to a three dimensional harmonically confined ideal Bose-gas with discrete energy levels. Our results indicate that the order of the Bose-Einstein condensation phase transition sensitively depends on the confining potential.Comment: 7 pages, 9 eps-figures, For recent information on physics of small systems see "http://www.smallsystems.de