Representaciones sociales sobre cuidar y tratar : la visión de pacientes y profesionales

A pesquisa teve por objetivo conhecer o núcleo central das representações sociais de pacientes e enfermeiras(os) acerca do significado de cuidar e tratar. Consiste em um estudo de natureza qualitativa, baseado na fundamentação teórico-metodológica da abordagem estrutural das representações sociais. Participaram do estudo 90 sujeitos. Aplicou-se um questionário utilizando-se a técnica de livre associação. Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio do software Evoc. Os resultados revelam que as representações sociais de pacientes e profissionais acerca dos conceitos de cuidar expressam uma relação ética, sensível, solidária, afetiva e compromissada com a vida humana amorosa. Entretanto, as representações sobre o tratar apontam para diferentes significados e distintas expectativas. Conclui-se que a discrepância entre essas representações é bastante preocupante e merece atenção especial da categoria. Tal discrepância denuncia que o serviço oferecido pelos profissionais não satisfaz à demanda e ao desejo dos pacientes.The objective of this study was to learn about the central nucleus of the social representations of caring and treating for patients and nurses. This qualitative study was founded on the theoretical-methodological framework of the structural approach of social representations. Participants were 90 subjects, who answered a questionnaire using the free association technique. Data analysis was performed using Evoc soft ware. Results show that the social representations that patients and professionals have of the concepts of caring express an ethical, sensitive, solidary, affective and committed relationship with a loving human life. However, the representations of treating point at different meanings and different expectations. In conclusion, the difference between these representations is rather concerning and deserves special attention. Such discrepancy denounces that the service that the professionals have delivered does not meat the demand and desires of patients.La investigación objetivó conocer el núcleo central de representaciones sociales de pacientes y enfermeras/os acerca del significado de cuidar y tratar. Estudio de naturaleza cualitativa, basado en fundamento teórico-metodológico del abordaje estructural de las representaciones sociales. Participaron 90 sujetos. Se aplicó un cuestionario usando técnica de libre asociación. Los datos se analizaron con ayuda del software Evoc. Los mismos revelaron que las representaciones sociales de pacientes y profesionales acerca de los conceptos de cuidar expresan una relación ética, sensible, solidaria, afectiva y comprometida con la vida humana amorosa. Mientras tanto, las representaciones sociales sobre el tratar apuntan hacia diferentes significados y distintas expectativas. Se concluye en que la discrepancia entre las representaciones es bastante preocupante y merece atención de la categoría. Tal discrepancia expresa que el servicio ofrecido por los profesionales no satisface la demanda y el deseo de los pacientes

Power relations and the negotiation of meanings in a Community of Practice in the field of Mathematics Education

This article aims to identify and analyze power relations in the negotiation of meanings in a Community of Practice, called the “Observatório da Educação Matemática” da Bahia (OEM-BA), formed by academics from the university and teachers of Basic Education, who came together to produce educational math curriculum materials. The research carried out was of a qualitative nature and the data were produced through observations of the activities carried out by OEM-BA. To support the analysis, we used Etienne Wenger\u27s Social Theory of Learning and Basil Bernstein\u27s Theory of Codes. By analyzing the data, we identify power relations between academic and non-academic discourses, as well as interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary discourses. This happened when members negotiated meanings relative to teaching and learning content operations with whole numbers and quantities directly and inversely proportional. The results of this research gave visibility to variations in the principles and hierarchies underlying the meeting between academics and scholars

A resistência à transformação do texto pedagógico do planejamento do ambiente de modelagem matemática na prática pedagógica escolar

No presente artigo, analisamos a resistência à transformação do texto pedagógico do planejamento do ambiente de modelagem matemática nas aulas de matemática de três professores participantes da pesquisa. A pesquisa realizada foi de natureza qualitativa, cujos dados foram produzidos por meio da observação, entrevistas e documentos. A análise dos dados sugere que a resistência a transformação do texto pedagógico do planejamento foi condicionada a uma fidelidade ao próprio texto na prática pedagógica escolar, quando professores privilegiavam suas decisões tomadas a priori e controlavam as decisões dos estudantes. Tais constructos foram definidos e caracterizados a partir das noções teóricas de Basil Bernstein

The construction of identities in a practice community in the participants’ view

In this article, it was proposed to analyze the identities construction in the view of the Community of Practice’s members, whose research participants were Elementary Education’s teachers  and higher education’s professors, undergraduate students, researchers and /or teacher trainers. To promote an understanding of identities,  the social learning theory was used, according to Etienne Wenger, according to theoretical foundation. The research was qualitative in nature and the data were produced through interviews. Data analysis suggests that constructed identities lead to different affiliation forms, which have thus been categorized: identity as multi-affiliation, identity as imagination and identity as engagement or mutual commitment. The results of this research indicate that the identities construction occurred through negotiations and changes in the members’  participation trajectories of this practice  community

Barriers to cardiac rehabilitation delivery in a low-resource setting from the perspective of healthcare administrators, rehabilitation providers, and cardiac patients

Background: Despite clinical practice guideline recommendations that cardiovascular disease patients participate, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are highly unavailable and underutilized. This is particularly true in low-resource settings, where the epidemic is at its’ worst. The reasons are complex, and include health system, program and patient-level barriers. This is the first study to assess barriers at all these levels concurrently, and to do so in a lowresource setting. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from three cohorts (healthcare administrators, CR coordinators and patients) were triangulated. Healthcare administrators from all institutions offering cardiac services, and providers from all CR programs in public and private institutions of Minas Gerais state, Brazil were invited to complete a questionnaire. Patients from a random subsample of 12 outpatient cardiac clinics and 11 CR programs in these institutions completed the CR Barriers Scale. Results: Thirty-two (35.2%) healthcare administrators, 16 (28.6%) CR providers and 805 cardiac patients (305 [37.9%] attending CR) consented to participate. Administrators recognized the importance of CR, but also the lack of resources to deliver it; CR providers noted referral is lacking. Patients who were not enrolled in CR reported significantly greater barriers related to comorbidities/functional status, perceived need, personal/family issues and access than enrollees, and enrollees reported travel/work conflicts as greater barriers than non-enrollees (all p < 0.01). Conclusions: The inter-relationship among barriers at each level is evident; without resources to offer more programs, there are no programs to which physicians can refer (and hence inform and encourage patients to attend), and patients will continue to have barriers related to distance, cost and transport. Advocacy for services is needed. Keywords: Health care services, Cardiac rehabilitation, Cardiac care facilities, Attitude of health personnelYork University Librarie

Estrutura do dossel forrageiro de pastos de capim-marandu submetidos à lotação contínua e ritmos de crescimento induzidos por adubação nitrogenada

A aceleração do ritmo de crescimento das plantas por meio da adubação nitrogenada altera a velocidade dos processos fisiológicos, atuando sobre o crescimento e a senescência, podendo refletir-se em alterações importantes sobre a estrutura do dossel. Avaliou-se a estrutura do dossel forrageiro de pastos de capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha) mantidos a 30 cm de altura por meio de lotação contínua e submetidos a ritmos de crescimento contrastantes de janeiro de 2007 a abril de 2008. Os distintos ritmos de crescimento foram criados por meio da utilização de adubação nitrogenada, segundo os tratamentos: sem adubação (controle), 150, 300 e 450 kg ha-1 de N. A aceleração do ritmo de crescimento dos pastos resultou em aumentos de densidade volumétrica de folhas e de colmos, refletindo em maior IAF e densidade volumétrica total em pastos submetidos aos ritmos de crescimento mais acelerados (adubados com 300 e 450 kg ha-1 de N) relativamente àqueles submetidos a ritmos de crescimento mais lentos (pastos não adubados e/ou adubados com 150 kg ha-1 de N). Variações em densidade volumétrica do material morto estiveram associadas a flutuações estacionais das condições climáticas, e não foram influenciadas pelos ritmos de crescimento avaliados. Na época da seca (outono/inverno e início de primavera), os pastos submetidos aos ritmos de crescimento mais acelerados apresentaram maior proporção de folhas no horizonte superior do dossel. Por outro lado, a estrutura do dossel não variou entre os ritmos de crescimento nas épocas de maior disponibilidade de fatores de crescimento (final de primavera e verão), indicando que quando o controle do processo de pastejo é feito de maneira eficiente, mudanças em estrutura são função basicamente de variações estacionais em condições climáticas e estádio fenológico das plantas.Acceleration of the growth rhythm of plants using nitrogen fertiliser alters the rates of physiological processes like growth and senescence and may cause significant changes in sward structure, interfering with plant and animal responses. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate sward structure of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha) maintained at 30 cm under continuous stocking and subjected to contrasting rhythms of growth from January 2007 to April 2008. These were generated using or not nitrogen fertiliser, and comprised four experimental treatments as follows: control (non-fertilised), 150, 300 and 450 kg ha-1 of N. Acceleration of the growth rhythm of plants was associated with increases in leaf and stem bulk density, and resulted in larger LAI and total bulk density on swards subjected to faster (fertilised with 300 and 450 kg ha-1 of N) than those subjected to slower rhythms of growth (non-fertilised or fertilised with 150 kg ha-1 of N). Variations in dead material bulk density were associated with seasonal variations in climatic conditions, and were not influenced by growth rhythms. During autumn/winter and early spring (dry period of the year) swards subjected to faster, relative to those subjected to slower rhythms of growth, had larger proportion of leaves on the top horizons. On the other hand, sward structure did not vary among rhythms of growth at times of the year when there was no limitation in the availability of climatic growth factors (late spring and summer), indicating that when control of the grazing process is efficient, changes in sward structure are basically a function of seasonal variations in climatic growth conditions and phenological state of plants

Critical Success Factors and degree of maturity in Business Process Management Office of Public Higher Education Institutions

Public Higher Education Institutions (PHEI) have invested in Business Process Management (BPM) initiatives to increase their organizational efficiency. However, most BPM projects focus on modeling and automating processes, generating narrow improvements. The effective and integral development of BPM requires a Business Process Management Office (BPMO), a business unit whose mission is to institutionalize BPM. However, Process Offices must be supported by a structured and mature framework in order to fulfill their mission. In this sense, this paper conducted a multiple case study with exploratory approach research, aiming to identify the relationship between the Critical Success Factors (FCS) and the maturity degree, regarding the structuring and running of PHEI process offices. The consolidated results indicate there is a relationship between degree of maturity and the BPMO critical success factors. It was also possible to identify the most relevant FCS to achieve a greater degree of maturity in the offices

Dispensa de empregado portador do vírus HIV

Comentário à decisão da 3a Turma do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho no Recurso de Revista n. 439041 (1998)

Cultura maker e empreendedorismo - Os espaços maker como promotores de uma cultura local empreendedora

Os espaços maker são locais onde jovens podem desenvolver projetos de temas diversos apoiados por tecnologias digitais e analógicas. Estes espaços têm ganhado bastante evidência por seu potencial eduacional, uma vez que neles é possível reunir pessoas para troca de saberes e fazeres, compartilhar ideias e soluções. Neste contexto, acreditamos que estes ambientes são essenciais para que projetos e ideias se tornem capazes de gerar formas de empreendedorismo. O presente artigo objetiva analisar a relação de espaços maker e o reflexo destes na promoção de culturas locais voltadas ao empreendedorismo. A metodologia adotada baseia-se na pesquisa bibliográfica na temática estudada, ou seja, cultura maker e empreendedorismo, além de pesquisa exploratória, através da aplicação de questionário a empreendedores que tiveram vivências em espaços maker e consequente análise interpretativa de seus dados. Nossa hipótese inicial baseia-se na ideia de que a experiência em espaços maker incentiva o espírito empreendedor pré-existente ou, ainda, que faça surgir possibilidades empreendedoras em indivíduos que não pensam em criar um negócio. O artigo está organizado em cinco seções, a primeira sendo a introdução; a segunda e terceira focam no referencial teórico de espaços maker e empreendedorismo; a quarta versa sobre o questionário e os resultados obtidos, analisando-os conjuntamente à bibliografia encontrada; e, por último, concluímos as pesquisas feitas. Acreditamos que, com quorum maior de sujeitos, seja possível investigar de forma mais profunda a relação proposta e incentivar iniciativas locais relacionadas a espaços maker comunitários