28 research outputs found
Psychometric properties of the spanish version of the pregnancy related anxiety questionnaire (PRAQ)
Although pregnancy increases the vulnerability to anxiety, no specific assessment instruments are usually used to detect it. The objective of this study was to adapt the Pregnancy Related Anxiety Questionnaire (PRAQ) to Spanish population, as well as analyze its validity and reliability. A sample of 367 nulliparous pregnant women with a normal risk status filled in a socio-demographic and obstetric-gynaecological questionnaire, the PRAQ, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). After performing a factorial analysis, a five-factor model that explains 53.1% of the variance was obtained. Estimates of internal consistency reliability were adequate (range = .78 to .93) for the five factors included in the final confirmatory factor analysis, and for the total scale (.97). Significant correlation among PRAQ, EPDS, and STAI was found (p < .001). The 85th percentile (score 234 or more) was used as a cut-off point to identify those women with high pregnancy-specific anxiety. In accordance with the results obtained, the PRAQ can be considered a useful screening tool to evaluate pregnancy-related anxiety among the Spanish populationS
Tobacco consumption from the 1st trimester of pregnancy to 7 months postpartum: effects of previous tobacco consumption, and depression and anxiety symptoms
Previous tobacco consumption, and depression and anxiety symptoms are major predictors of women’s tobacco consumption during pregnancy and the postpartum period. However, the joint effect of these predictors is still unexplored. This study aimed to analyse the effects of previous tobacco consumption, and depression and anxiety symptoms on women’s tobacco consumption status and quantity from the 1st trimester of pregnancy to 7 months postpartumS
Smoking cessation interventions with inpatients for a cardiovascular disease: a literature review
The tobacco is an important risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. Hospitalization of these patients gives us an excellent opportunity to help them to quit smoking. However, few studies have evaluated what type of intervention is most effective for this population. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review treatments for smoking cessation that have been applied to patients hospitalized with cardiovascular disease in the last decade, in order to determine their effectiveness and establish what would be most appropriate. To achieve this, we searched the Cochrane Tobacco registration Addiction Group and the databases Medline, PsycInfo, PubMed, and CSIC. As a consequence, 16 studies fulfilling inclusion criteria were found, although treatments components and intensity differ greatly from one study to another. It was concluded that while brief advice increases cessation compared with no intervention, the most effective interventions are those of greater intensity that last for at least three months after hospital dischargeEl tabaco es un importante factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y la hospitalización por este tipo de enfermedades brinda una excelente oportunidad para ayudar a dejar de fumar. Sin embargo, son pocas las intervenciones que se han llevado a cabo con estos pacientes y máxime a nivel hospitalario. El objetivo de este estudio es hacer una revisión acerca de las intervenciones para dejar de fumar realizadas con pacientes hospitalizados por enfermedad cardiovascular en la última década, con el objetivo de determinar su eficacia y conocer cuál resulta más adecuada. Para ello, se realizaron búsquedas en el registro de la Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group así como en las bases de datos Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed y CSIC. Los 16 estudios hallados que cumplían los criterios de inclusión muestran importantes diferencias tanto en cuanto a los componentes que integran las intervenciones como en la intensidad de las mismas. Se concluye que si bien el consejo breve incrementa el abandono del tabaco en comparación con la no intervención, las intervenciones más efectivas son aquellas de mayor intensidad que tienen continuación durante al menos tres meses tras el alta hospitalariaS
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Smoking in Early Pregnancy
Fundamentos: El consumo de tabaco durante el embarazo
puede ocasionar consecuencias para la salud de la mujer y de su
hijo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia del
consumo de tabaco en el primer trimestre de embarazo y las variables asociadas.
Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con una muestra de
760 mujeres embarazadas de menos de 20 semanas, reclutadas de
2012 a 2014 en 7 centros de salud del área sanitaria de Santiago
de Compostela. La evaluación incluyó un cuestionario ad hoc,
la Perceived Stress Scale, el State Trait Anxiety Inventory y la
Edinburg Postnatal Depresion Scale. El análisis bivariante incluyó pruebas chi-cuadrado de Pearson y t de Student, y el análisis
multivariante se realizó mediante regresión logística binaria cal- culando Odds Ratio (OR) y sus intervalos de confianza (IC 95%).
Resultados: La prevalencia del consumo fue del 15,7%. Un
mayor porcentaje de fumadoras respecto a las no fumadoras no
tenían estudios universitarios (70,6% vs. 40,7%), tenían pareja
fumadora (65,5 vs. 24,0), menor conciencia de los efectos del tabaco (65,5% vs. 24,0%), no pensaban dar el pecho y presentaban
mayores niveles de ansiedad, estrés y depresión. Las variables
predictoras de fumar fueron no tener estudios universitarios (OR
2,56; 1,61-4,00), tener pareja fumadora (OR 5,26; 3,33-8,33),
menor conciencia de los efectos del tabaco (OR 1,79; 1,11-2,86)
y mayor percepción de estrés (OR 1,07; 1,04-1,09).
Conclusiones: El consumo de tabaco en el embarazo continúa siendo un problema importante que se ve influido tanto por
variables sociodemográficas y relacionadas con la salud, como
por variables psicológicasBackground: Tobacco consumption during pregnancy may
cause health consequences for the pregnant woman and the future
child. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of
tobacco consumption in the first trimester of pregnancy and the
variables related.
Methods: A sample of 760 pregnant women less than 20 weeks, recruited from 2012 to 2014 in 7 health centers belonging
to the sanitary area of Santiago de Compostela, were included
in a crosssectional study. The assessment included an ad hoc
questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the State Trait Anxiety
Inventory and the Edinburg Posnatal Depresion Scale. In the bivariate analysis, Pearson chi-square and Student t tests were used,
and the multivariate analysis was performed using binary logistic
regression calculating the Odds Ratio (OR) and their confidence
intervals (95% CI).
Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was 15.7%. A greater percentage of smokers compared to nonsmokers don´t have a
college degree (70.6% vs. 40.7%), have smoker partner (65.5 vs.
24.0), were less aware of how harmful tobacco it is (65.5% vs.
24.0%), hadn´t thought to breastfeed, and had higher levels of
anxiety, stress and depression. The predictive variables of smoking were not having a college degree [OR 2.56; 1.61-4.00], having a partner who smokes [OR 5.26; 3.33-8.33], being not aware
of the effects of tobacco [OR 1.79; 1.11-2.86] and an increased
perception of stress [OR 1.07; 1.04-1.09].
Conclusions: Tobacco use during pregnancy continues to be
an important problem, which is influenced by socio-demographic
variables and related to health as well as by psychological variablesS
Bullying escolar: um fenômeno multifacetado
School bullying can involve children in different ways, making them play different roles, among them, victims, bullies and bully-victims. The aim of this study was to describe how bullying occurs in high social vulnerability schools of Florianópolis metropolitan area and the roles played by students in this phenomenon. Overall, 409 children and adolescents from the 3rd to 5th grades and of two public elementary schools aged 8-16 years (X = 11.14) participated in this study. As a tool, the Olweus Questionnaire adapted to the Brazilian population was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were applied by the Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests. As for results, 29.8% of boys and 40.5% of girls reported being victims; 32.3% of boys and 24.6% of girls reported being bullies. Victims were the most willing to help a colleague who is suffering from bullying (X = 1.54; p> 0.001), even if they do not know the victims (X = 1.57; p> 0.004). Bullies are differentiated from the group that does not participate (X = 1.73) and the group of victims (X = 2.34), being those who felt less alone (x = 1.47; p> 0.001). It was concluded that the information obtained in this study is indispensable in the search for alternatives to reduce school bullying. The strengthening of relations between school and students and a better preparation of teachers and school staff are extremely necessary to try to minimize the effects of risk factors to which these children are exposed and consequently violence at school.O bullying escolar pode envolver crianças de diferentes
maneiras, fazendo com que essas assumam papéis diferenciados.
Dentre estes, têm-se vítimas, agressores e vítimas-agressoras. O
objetivo deste estudo foi descrever como ocorre o bullying em
escolas de alta vulnerabilidade social da Grande Florianópolis
e os papéis assumidos pelos alunos nesse fenômeno. Quanto ao
método, participaram 409 crianças e adolescentes do terceiro
ao quinto ano e da quarta à sexta série do ensino fundamental,
de duas escolas públicas municipais, com idades entre 8 e 16
anos (X=11,14). Como instrumento, utilizou-se o Questionário
de Olweus adaptado à população brasileira. Para a análise
dos dados, empregaram-se a estatística descritiva e estatística
inferencial por meio dos testes Mann Whitney e Kruskal Wallis.
Quanto aos resultados, 29,8% dos meninos e 40,5% das meninas
relataram terem sido vítimas; já 32,3% dos meninos e 24,6%
das meninas relataram terem sido agressores. As vítimas foram
as que se mostraram mais dispostas a ajudar como podem um
colega que esteja sofrendo agressão (X=1,54; p>0,001), mesmo
que não o conheçam (X=1,57; p>0,004). Em contrapartida,
os agressores se diferenciaram do grupo que não participa
(X=1,73) e do grupo das vítimas (X=2,34), sendo aqueles que
menos se sentiram sozinhos (X=1,47; p>0,001). Concluiu-se
que as informações obtidas neste estudo são indispensáveis
na busca de alternativas para redução do bullying escolar. O
fortalecimento das relações entre escola e alunos, e um maior
preparo dos professores e funcionários são extremamente
necessários para tentar minimizar os efeitos dos fatores de
risco a que essas crianças estão expostas e consequentemente a
violência na escola.CAPES - Proc. nº 0815/14-4CIEC - Centro de Investigação em Estudos da Criança, IE, UMinho (UI 317 da FCT)Projeto Estratégico da FCT: UID/CED/00317/201
Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 11
El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 11, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela;
Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso
Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social Apuestas para el desarrollo regional.
Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social: apuestas para el desarrollo regional [Edición 1 / Nov. 6 - 7: 2019 Bogotá D.C.]El Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social “Apuestas para el Desarrollo Regional”, se llevó a cabo los días 6 y 7 de noviembre de 2019 en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. como un evento académico e investigativo liderado por la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios -UNIMINUTO – Rectoría Cundinamarca cuya pretensión fue el fomento de nuevos paradigmas, la divulgación de conocimiento renovado en torno a la Responsabilidad Social; finalidad adoptada institucionalmente como postura ética y política que impacta la docencia, la investigación y la proyección social, y cuyo propósito central es la promoción de una “sensibilización consciente y crítica ante las situaciones problemáticas, tanto de las comunidades como del país, al igual que la adquisición de unas competencias orientadas a la promoción y al compromiso con el desarrollo humano y social integral”. (UNIMINUTO, 2014).
Dicha postura, de conciencia crítica y sensibilización social, sumada a la experiencia adquirida mediante el trabajo articulado con otras instituciones de índole académico y de forma directa con las comunidades, permitió establecer como objetivo central del evento la reflexión de los diferentes grupos de interés, la gestión de sus impactos como elementos puntuales que contribuyeron en la audiencia a la toma de conciencia frente al papel que se debe asumir a favor de la responsabilidad social como aporte seguro al desarrollo regional y a su vez al fortalecimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social Apuestas para el desarrollo regional.
Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social: apuestas para el desarrollo regional [Edición 1 / Nov. 6 - 7: 2019 Bogotá D.C.]El Congreso Internacional de Responsabilidad Social “Apuestas para el Desarrollo Regional”, se llevó a cabo los días 6 y 7 de noviembre de 2019 en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C. como un evento académico e investigativo liderado por la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios -UNIMINUTO – Rectoría Cundinamarca cuya pretensión fue el fomento de nuevos paradigmas, la divulgación de conocimiento renovado en torno a la Responsabilidad Social; finalidad adoptada institucionalmente como postura ética y política que impacta la docencia, la investigación y la proyección social, y cuyo propósito central es la promoción de una “sensibilización consciente y crítica ante las situaciones problemáticas, tanto de las comunidades como del país, al igual que la adquisición de unas competencias orientadas a la promoción y al compromiso con el desarrollo humano y social integral”. (UNIMINUTO, 2014).
Dicha postura, de conciencia crítica y sensibilización social, sumada a la experiencia adquirida mediante el trabajo articulado con otras instituciones de índole académico y de forma directa con las comunidades, permitió establecer como objetivo central del evento la reflexión de los diferentes grupos de interés, la gestión de sus impactos como elementos puntuales que contribuyeron en la audiencia a la toma de conciencia frente al papel que se debe asumir a favor de la responsabilidad social como aporte seguro al desarrollo regional y a su vez al fortalecimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose
diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117
population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of
diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected
as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed
prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously
diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa.
The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and
detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66%
in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised
proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39%
across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and
middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated
FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and
underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite
resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and
surveillance.peer-reviewe