Childhood

Dois capítulos em tradução de Maria de Lourdes Pereira

Validation of a method to quantify copper and other metals in olive fruit by ETAAS. Application to the residual metal control after olive tree treatments with different copper formulations

An electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry method was validated to quantify residues of copper, aluminum, cadmium, chromium, iron, lead, and nickel in olive fruit. The linearity ranges under the optimized conditions were 0.19-20.0, 1.11-50.0, 0.02-2.0, 0.15-20.0, 0.80- 20.0, 0.35-50.0, and 0.60-50.0 íg/L, respectively. The limits of quantification were, expressed in nanograms per gram of dry weight, 12.6, 74.0, 1.34, 10.0, 53.4, 23.4, and 40.0, respectively. For all of the metals the precision of the instrumental method was <6.3% and that of the analytical method was always <10%, except for aluminum, for which the precision was 12%. The accuracy of the method was evaluated according to the standard additions method, the recoveries being >90% for all of the added concentrations. An interference study was also carried out in a simulated matrix, and it was verified that the deviations of the expected values were <6% for all of the metals. The method was applied to the monitoring of the residues of the referred metals in olive fruits collected from trees pulverized with three different copper formulations available on the market to control fungal diseases

Metal composition of table olives from the portuguese market.

Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most important fruit trees in the Mediterranean countries. Their products, olive oil and also table olives, are important components of the Mediterranean diet and are largely consumed in the world. Table olives are well-known sources of compounds with important biological properties. The preparation of table olives follows three main trades, namely green or Spanish-style olives (Green Olives in Brine - GOB), black ripe or Californian-style olives (Black Ripe Olives), and naturally fermented olives (Direct Brined Olives – DBO). Heavy metals can be present in olive fruits for several reasons: endogenous, depending on the mineral constitution of the soils where the olive trees are located, or exogenous, resulting from the air pollution, contamination by phyto-chemical products and during technological processing. Besides the toxicological characteristics of these elements, the presence of transition metals in these fat matrices can negatively influence the organoleptic and nutritional properties as well as the shelf life of the products

As contribuições da licenciatura em educação do campo na transformação das relações de gênero: um estudo de caso com as educandas do assentamento Virgilândia de Formosa/GO

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2014.A Educação do Campo, como projeto alternativo de sociedade coadunado aos Movimentos Sociais, tem se empenhado na luta e na conquista de políticas públicas para o campo. Nesse sentido, a Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, com sua proposta diferenciada e específica, é parte dessas políticas públicas que visa em conjunto com os (as) camponeses (as) construir um modelo de educação contra hegemônico voltado para o respeito e as especificidades dos povos do campo. Assim este trabalho busca compreender as contribuições da Licenciatura em Educação do Campo nas rupturas das relações de gênero com as mulheres egressas e estagiárias de diversas turmas, oriundas do Assentamento Virgilândia, Formosa- Goiás. Pretendemos identificar os protagonismos vivenciados por elas com visibilidade às áreas política, social, econômica, bem como a convivência delas em família e na comunidade, rompendo uma estrutura histórica de dominação e exclusão que durante séculos a elas foi imposta de uma cultura patriarcal hegemônica. O referido trabalho situa-se no campo da pesquisa qualitativa em educação caracterizada pela história de vida, onde utilizamos um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada gravada. Num primeiro momento, a trajetória de vida dessas mulheres revela um cotidiano de exclusão e subordinação pela sua condição de mulher camponesa alijada dos seus direitos também pela falta de acesso à educação. Num segundo momento, em decorrência do acesso à LEdoC, percebe-se sinais de ruptura e emancipação dando novos sentidos e significados à vida dessas mulheres e construindo estratégias de resistência frente às posturas de discriminação. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe Rural Education as an alternative project of society allied to social movements has been engaged in the struggle and the promotion of public politics to the country. In this sense, the Teaching Qualification in Rural Education (LEdoC) with its distinctive and specific proposal is part of these public politics that, together with the peasants, aim build a model of counter-hegemonic education facing to the respect and the specificities of rural populations. Thus, this work aims to understand the contributions of the Teaching Qualification in Rural Education in the disruptions of gender relations with leaving and trainee women of various classes, arising from the rural settlement Vigilândia, Formosa, Goiás. We intend to identify the protagonisms experienced by them with visibility to the political, social, economic areas as well as living together in family and community, breaking a historic structure of domination and exclusion, and a hegemonic patriarchal culture that for centuries they have been forced to live. Such work is situated in the field of qualitative research in education characterized by life history, where we used a recorded semi-structured interview. At first, the history of life of these women reveals a daily life of exclusion and subordination by their condition of being peasant women jettisoned of their rights, also by the lack of access of education. Secondly, due to access the LEdoC, one sees signs of rupture and emancipation giving new meanings to the lives of these women and building strategies of resistance to the attitudes of discrimination

PADRÕES SOCIAIS E USO DO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO

A cidade brasileira, historicamente, tem sido construída segundo os interesses das classes dominantes, resultando num tecido urbano heterogêneo, cujas partes têm acesso diferenciado à infra-estrutura urbana e à qualidade ambiental. No entanto, esse processo, na atualidade, vem assumindo novas formas. Adaptada para atender aos novos estilos de vida da burguesia, que prioriza cada vez mais o uso dos espaços fechados em detrimento dos espaços públicos abertos, e usa estratégias que promovem a segregação espacial segundo critérios sociais, a cidade se volta para a construção de espaços que buscam atender aos sonhos da pequena parcela da população que pode consumir. Dessa maneira, a preferência por espaços públicos fechados, o grau de isolamento dos diferentes grupos sociais e o nível de mobilidade da população estão subordinados ao seu padrão econômico, com sérias implicações sobre o uso e a qualidade dos espaços urbanos exteriores. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre esses padrões de comportamento e o uso dos espaços públicos exteriores. Para tal, usa como estudo de caso a cidade de Uberlândia, MG. Palavras-chave:forma urbana, uso do espaço público. SOCIAL STANDARDS AND THE USE OF PUBLIC SPACE Maria de Lourdes Pereira Fonseca The Brazilian city has been historically built according to the interests of the dominant classes, thus resulting in a heterogeneous human fabric, whose parts have differentiated access to the urban infrastructure and environmental quality. However, presently this process has assumed new shapes. Adapted to comply with the new life styles of the bourgeoisie, who gives priority to the use of closed spaces in detriment to the open public ones and to strategies that promote special segregation according to social criteria, the city turns itself to the construction of spaces that aims at making come true the dreams of a small parcel of the population that can afford to consume. Therefore, the option for public closed spaces, the degree of isolation from different social groups and the level of mobility of the population are subordinated to the economic standard, with serious implications for the use and quality of the external urban spaces This paper aims at analyzing the relationship between these standards of behavior and the use of external public spaces. For this purpose, it uses the city of Uberlândia, MG, as case study. Key words: urban shape, public space use. Normes Sociales Et Utilisation De L’espace Public Maria de Lourdes Pereira Fonseca Historiquement les villes brésiliennes ont été construites en fonction des intérêts des classes dominantes, aboutissant à la formation d’un tissu urbain hétérogène dont les parties accèdent à une infrastructure urbaine et à une qualité environnementale de manière différenciée.Cependant, ce processus prend actuellement de nouvelles formes. Ayant été adaptée pour pouvoir répondre au nouveau style de vie de la bourgeoisie qui, chaque fois plus, donne la priorité à l’utilisation d’espaces fermés au détriment d’espaces publics ouverts et utilise des stratégies qui font avancer la ségrégation spatiale selon des critères sociaux., la ville se tourne vers la construction d’espaces qui essayent de répondre aux rêves d’une partie minime de la  population capable de consommer. C’est ainsi que l’on donne la préférence à des espaces publics fermés, le degré d’isolement des différents groupes sociaux et le niveau de mobilité de la population étant subordonnés à son niveau économique, avec de sérieuses implications à propos de l’utilisation et de la qualité des espaces urbains ouverts.Le présent travail a comme objectif d’analyser le rapport existant entre ces modèles de comportement  et l’utilisation des espaces publics extérieurs. C’est la ville d’Uberlândia, dans l’Etat de Minas Gerais, qui  a été choisie pour faire cette étude de cas. Mots-cles: forme urbaine, utilisation de l’espace public. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

Antioxidant activity and phenolic contents of Olea europaea L. leaves sprayed with different copper formulations

Olive trees (Olea europaea L. Cv. Cobranc¸osa) from the northeast of Portugal were sprayed with three different copper formulations [bordeaux mixture (copper sulphate + calcium hydroxide - 20% Cu), copper hydroxide (40% Cu) and copper oxychloride (50% Cu)] to control olive fungal diseases. The residues of copper in olive leaves, harvested at different times, were evaluated by atomic absorption spectrometry. At all the collection times, treated olive leaves had significantly higher copper contents, compared to the control. The different copper amounts in pesticide formulations lowered the leaves contents in total phenols and hence their antioxidant properties. Olive leaves sprayed with copper oxychloride possessed the highest copper levels and the lowest content in phenols, which influenced its antioxidant activity (higher EC50 values for reducing power, scavenging effect on DPPH radicals and inhibition of erythrocyte hemolysis). Leaves without copper residues proved to be a good natural source of antioxidants, giving values comparable to the reference compounds

Protective activity of hesperidin and lipoic acid against sodium arsenite acute toxicity in mice

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the toxic effects of sodium arsenite, As(III), in mice and the protective effect of 2 antioxidants, hesperidin and lipoic acid, against the observed As(III)-induced toxicity. In each study, mice were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: control, antioxidant, antioxidant + arsenite, and arsenite. Animals were first injected with the vehicle or 25 mg antioxidant/kg BW. After 30 minutes they received an injection of 10 mg arsenite/kg BW or 0.9% NaCl. Two hours after the first injection, the liver, kidney, and testis were collected for histological evaluation. Liver samples were also taken for quantification of arsenic. In mice exposed only to As(III), various histopathological effects were observed in the liver, kidneys, and testes. In mice pretreated with either hesperidin or lipoic acid, a reduction of histopathologic effects on the liver and kidneys was observed. No protective effects were observed in the testes for either of the 2 studied antioxidants. In conclusion, hesperidin and lipoic acid provided protective effects against As(III)-induced acute toxicity in the liver and kidneys of mice. These compounds may potentially play an important role in the protection of populations chronically exposed to arsenic.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio