Valorization of goat cheese whey through an integrated process of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration

Goat cheese whey is a co-product that comes from goat cheese manufacture. Due to its high organic load, adequate treatment is necessary before its disposal. Additionally, the recent growing interest in caprine products, attributed to their specific nutritional and nutraceutical characteristics, such as the lower allergenicity of their proteins and higher content of oligosaccharides, compared with bovine products, made the recovery of goat cheese whey a challenge. In this study, an integrated process for the recovery of sweet goat whey components was carried out. It includes filtration, centrifugation and pasteurization, followed by sequential membrane processes, ultrafiltration/dilution, nanofiltration of ultrafiltration permeates in dilution mode and the concentration/dilution of nanofiltration retentates. Ultrafiltration was performed with membranes of 10 and 1 kDa. Membranes of 10 kDa have higher permeate fluxes and, in a single stage of dilution, allowed for better protein retention and higher lactose purity, with a separation factor of 14. The concentration of lactose by nanofiltration/dilution led to the retention of almost all the lactose in retentates and to a final permeate, whose application in cheese dairy plants will allow for the total recovery of whey. The application of this integrated process in small- or medium-sized goat cheese dairies can represent an important contribution to their sustainabilityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Monitoring of the airborne pollen diversity in the urban area of San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina

The aim of this paper was monitoring the airborne pollen diversity in the San Salvador de Jujuy city during one year, in order to document its richness and seasonal dynamics, as well as to detect pollen grains with allergenic potential and to elaborate a pollen calendar. The sampling period lasted from August 2011to July 2012. Airborne pollen monitoring was performed using a gravimetric Durham trap. A total of 56 pollen types were identified, of which 49% belong to native flora of Yungas, 32% to exotic flora and 19% to undefined origin. Regarding to the distance of sources to the trap, 71% is located within a ratio of 2km (Local), 24% coming from distance up to 5 km (Extra-local) and 5% are sources placed more than 5km (Regional). Eighteen pollen types with allergenic potential were detected, of which 15 are present in significant percentages. Pollen calendar shows the variation in the monthly relative frequency of the main pollen types.During the late winter, Morus, Alnus acuminata, Salix humboltiana and Pinus were identified as main emission sources. In spring, enhanced the richness of the local flora was observed. Exotic plants especially angiosperms (Fraxinus excelsior, Eucalyptus, Callistemon and Platanus acerifolia) dominated. There are also extra-local contributions of native species (Celtis, Anadenanthera colubrina and Parapiptadenia excelsa). During the summer, pollen richness declines and the NAP of herbs plants remains in high abundance (Poaceae, Amaranthaceae-Chenopodiaceae, Urticaceae) together with Casuarina cunninghamiana and Ulmus, but decreases progressively in autumn. In early winter, Cupressus predominates and regional contributions of A. acuminata are registered. Results revels the presence of allergenic pollen during the entire year. Considering the importance of public health, this study is a good reference to take criteria for selecting species on the planning of the plantation of urban trees in the city.Fil: Torres, Gonzalo Román. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Pereira, Elizabeth de Los Angeles. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Acid Stimulation (Sour Taste) Elicits GABA and Serotonin Release from Mouse Taste Cells

Several transmitter candidates including serotonin (5-HT), ATP, and norepinephrine (NE) have been identified in taste buds. Recently, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as well as the associated synthetic enzymes and receptors have also been identified in taste cells. GABA reduces taste-evoked ATP secretion from Receptor cells and is considered to be an inhibitory transmitter in taste buds. However, to date, the identity of GABAergic taste cells and the specific stimulus for GABA release are not well understood. In the present study, we used genetically-engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably co-expressing GABAB receptors and Gαqo5 proteins to measure GABA release from isolated taste buds. We recorded robust responses from GABA biosensors when they were positioned against taste buds isolated from mouse circumvallate papillae and the buds were depolarized with KCl or a stimulated with an acid (sour) taste. In contrast, a mixture of sweet and bitter taste stimuli did not trigger GABA release. KCl- or acid-evoked GABA secretion from taste buds was Ca2+-dependent; removing Ca2+ from the bathing medium eliminated GABA secretion. Finally, we isolated individual taste cells to identify the origin of GABA secretion. GABA was released only from Presynaptic (Type III) cells and not from Receptor (Type II) cells. Previously, we reported that 5-HT released from Presynaptic cells inhibits taste-evoked ATP secretion. Combined with the recent findings that GABA depresses taste-evoked ATP secretion [1], the present results indicate that GABA and 5-HT are inhibitory transmitters in mouse taste buds and both likely play an important role in modulating taste responses

Quando a Doença Rouba a Meninice...

p. 59-64O desenvolvimento de formas de atendimento em Portugal à criança vítima de cancro constitui a principal motivação do presente trabalho. Comparando com as iniciativas realizadas no estrangeiro, pretendemos divulgar tipologias de serviços possíveis e concretizáveis no nosso país e criar um fluxo de informação sobre um tema pouco conhecido. Faremos a apresentação do tema, com a definição de cancro, no geral, e especificamente o cancro infantil. Abordaremos a problemática da dor e daremos particular atenção à importância da expressão emocional da criança doente. Procuraremos enquadrar a família nesta problemática e equacionaremos alguns pressupostos da sua forma de lidar com os sentimentos perante a doença. A Psicologia Oncológica e a Ludoterapia envolvem saberes específicos a fomentar na formação dos profissionais e na gestão do seu trabalho em equipa. A criação de estruturas de apoio, como a Acreditar, poderão constituir percursos a implementar para a concretização duma melhor qualidade de vida

Ilê Axé Oduduwa: o processo de re-africanização do candomblé no Brasil. Um estudo dos elementos formais e estéticos

A organização do candomblé como se conhece hoje no Brasil, remonta do século XIX, segundo Renato da Silveira, com a formação do Candomblé da Barroquinha e, posteriormente, a Casa Branca do Engenho Velho, ambos tendo como fundadora, entre outros, Iyá Nassô. Dessa primeira fundação se tem hoje a ordem do xirê, as vestimentas e cerimoniais que se entenderam para outras casas, inclusive de “outras nações”, demarcando os locais de culto e os elementos estéticos, tais como as danças, a música, as roupas e os objetos, de grande importância ritual. O processo de re-africanização se caracteriza pela aproximação aos elementos rituais de uma África moderna, que se manifestam também esteticamente. O Ilê Axé Oduduwa é uma casa africana situada em São Paulo e em Mongaguá-SP, criada e dirigida pelo pesquisador e sacerdote nigeriano Dr. Sikiru Salami (Prof. King), originário de Abeokutá. Esta casa foi pioneira do Culto de Ifá no Brasil

Nile tilapia broodfish fed high‐protein diets: Digestive enzymes in eggs and larvae

The aim of this study was to assess the activity of gastric, pancreatic and intestinal digestive enzymes during the embryonic and larval development of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) GIFT strain Aqua America® 1 obtained from a broodstock fed two levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 72 females and 24 males, 10 hapas, two CP levels (32% and 38%) and six phases of embryonic (cleavage, blastula, gastrula) and larval (hatching, 7 and 10 days post hatch, dph) stages were used. The eggs were collected in cleavage, blastula and gastrula stages, 300 mg was collected, and kept in cryogenic tubes in liquid nitrogen. For the samples at larval stage, the remaining eggs were separated according to crude protein level and kept in hatcheries and samples were collected on 7 and 10 dph the same way as before. A total of 48 samples were collected: at each protein level (32% and 38% CP), four samples were collected in each phase of embryonic and larval development. Statistical differences were not observed during embryonic development for acid proteases, trypsin, amylase and lipase activity at both levels of crude protein (32 and 38% CP). Differences for acid proteases were noticed on 7 dph; trypsin and amylase on 7 dph and 10 dph. Significant differences on blastula and 7 dph for protease; as for aminopeptidase, there was significant difference on 7 dph. The data indicated early appearance of digestive enzymes in Nile tilapia broodfish receiving 32% CP taking into account the rapid growth and development of this species.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio