Stochastic models of anomalous diffusion in incoherent radiation trapping

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Photonic superdiffusive motion in resonance radiation trapping

In this work we consider the relation between the jump length probability density function and the line shape function in resonance radiation trapping in atomic vapors. The two-sided jump length probability density function suitable for a unidimensional formulation of radiative transfer is also derived. As a side result, a procedure to obtain the Maxwell distribution of velocities from the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of speeds was obtained. General relations that give the asymptotic jump length behavior and the Lévy flight parameter niu for any line shape are obtained. The results are applied to generalized Doppler, generalized Lorentz, and Voigt line shape functions. It is concluded that the lighter the tail of the line shape function, the less heavy the tail of the jump length probability density function, although this tail is always heavy, with niu <= 1

EFEITO DO TEMPO DE CONSOLIDAÇÃO NAS PRESSÕES HORIZONTAIS EXPERIMENTAIS E NORMATIZADAS EM SILOS VERTICAIS

The study of the pressures that the stored product exerts on the silo walls is a relevant factor, the present work has the objective of determining, empirically and experimentally, the loading and unloading pressures along the circular section of the vertical metal silo exerted by the stored product and the influence of the consolidation time. For the determination of horizontal and frictionpressures, devices composed of pairs of load cells were used, fixed to square sections of the silo of the silo with 2.5 m of body height and 0.64 m of internal diameter and tremonha with 0.51 m height and inclination of approximately 60° with the horizontal, made of smooth steel with 1 mm thickness. The corn loading and unloading tests were in quintupleata, and three consolidation times were adopted, which were 6, 12 and 24 hours. The experimentally determined pressures were compared to the values found from the equations contained in the standards AS 3774 (1990) and BS EN 1991/4 (2006). It was evidenced that the experimental data of horizontal pressure during loading were always lower than those standardized, considering that the standards increase the values due to the use of safety coefficients and although the calculations were performed with the subtraction of this coefficient, no interference of the consolidation times analyzed in the pressures was observed.El estudio de las presiones que el producto almacenado ejerce sobre las paredes del silo es un factor relevante, el presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de determinar, empírica y experimentalmente, las presiones de carga y descarga a lo largo de la sección circular del silo metálico vertical ejercido por el producto almacenado y la influencia del tiempo de consolidación. Para la determinación de las presiónes horizontales y de fricción, se utilizaron dispositivos compuestos por pares de células de carga, fijadas a secciones cuadradas del silo del silo con 2,5 m de altura del cuerpo y 0,64 m de diámetro interno y tremonha con 0,51 m de altura e inclinación de aproximadamente 60° con la horizontal, fabricado en acero liso de 1 mm de espesor. Las pruebas de carga y descarga de maíz fueron en quintupleata, y se adoptaron tres tiempos de consolidación, que fueron de 6, 12 y 24 horas. Las presiones determinadas experimentalmente se compararon con los valores encontrados a partir de las ecuaciones contenidas en las normas AS 3774 (1990) y BS EN 1991/4 (2006). Se evidenció que los datos experimentales de presión horizontal durante la carga fueron siempre inferiores a los estandarizados, considerando que los estándares aumentan los valores debido al uso de coeficientes de seguridad y aunque los cálculos se realizaron con la sustracción de este coeficiente, no se observó interferencia de los tiempos de consolidación analizados en las presiones.O estudo das pressões que o produto armazenado exerce nas paredes do silo é um fator relevante, o presente trabalho possui o objetivo de determinar, empírica e experimentalmente, as pressões de carregamento e descarregamento ao longo da seção circular do silo vertical metálico exercidas pelo produto armazenado e a influência do tempo de consolidação. Para a determinação das pressões horizontais e de atrito, foram utilizados dispositivos compostos por pares de células de carga, fixados a seções quadradas do silo da parede lisa do silo com 2,5 m de altura de corpo e 0,64 m de diâmetro interno e tremonha com 0,51 m de altura e inclinação de aproximadamente 60° com a horizontal, confeccionados em aço liso com 1 mm de espessura. Os ensaios de carregamento e descarregamento do milho foram em quintuplicata, sendo adotados três tempos de consolidação sendo estes de 6, 12 e 24 horas. As pressões determinadas experimentalmente foram comparadas aos valores encontrados á partir das equações contidas nas normas AS 3774 (1990) e BS EN 1991/4 (2006). Foi evidenciado que os dados experimentais de pressão horizontal durante o carregamento foram sempre inferiores aos normatizados, tendo em vista que as normas majoram os valores devido a utilização de coeficientes de segurança e embora realizado os cálculos com a subtração deste coeficiente, não foi observado interferência dos tempos de consolidação analisados nas pressões

Variações metabólicas e endócrinas de cachaços híbridos (Landrace x Large White) durante o primeiro ano de vida e sua relação com o estabelecimento da puberdade

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar variações em parâmetros metabólicos e endócrinos de suínos machos durante o primeiro ano de vida e sua relação com a puberdade. Foram utilizados seis suínos acompanhados, de 22 a 360 dias de idade, com pesagens corporais e coletas de sangue a cada sete dias para avaliação dos níveis séricos de glicose, insulina, colesterol, albumina, ureia, cálcio, fósforo, aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutariltransferase (GGT), ácidos graxos não esterificados (NEFA) e testosterona. A partir do ganho de peso e níveis de testosterona foram estabelecidos três períodos: pré-puberdade (1-5 meses de idade); puberdade (6-9 meses de idade); pós-puberdade (10-12 meses de idade), em que os níveis de testosterona foram de 0,6 ± 0,1 ng/mL, 1,8 ± 0,2 ng/mL e 1,8 ± 0,2 ng/mL, respectivamente (P &lt; 0,0001). Foi observada correlação positiva entre a testosterona e níveis de albumina, idade e peso corporal, e correlação negativa entre testosterona e os níveis de cálcio, GGT e glicose. Os níveis de glicose diminuíram ao longo do desenvolvimento (P &lt; 0,0001), e os níveis de NEFA foram maiores em pré-púberes (P = 0,01). A enzima GGT teve diminuição dos seus níveis a partir da puberdade (P &lt; 0,0001), e a AST teve seus menores níveis na puberdade (P = 0,0003). A albumina apresentou maiores níveis durante a puberdade (P &lt; 0,0001) e a ureia no período pós-puberdade (P &lt; 0,0001). Os níveis de cálcio e fósforo apresentaram menores níveis no período pós-puberdade (P&lt;0,0001). Assim, a puberdade representa um período de flutuação nos níveis de marcadores metabólicos de suínos machos híbridos, devido ao efeito da testosterona sobre o metabolismo energético, proteico e mineral.The present study aimed to determine changes in endocrine and metabolic parameters in male pigs during the first year of life and its relation with the puberty. Six male pigs of 22 at 360 days of age were used in this study. Body weights and blood collection were performed every seven days for evaluation of serum glucose, insulin, cholesterol, albumin, urea, calcium, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and testosterone. From the weight gain and testosterone levels were established three periods: prior to puberty (1-5 months old); puberty (6-9 months old); postpubertal (10-12 months old). During these periods testosterone levels were 0.6 ± 0.1 ng/mL, 1.8 ± 0.2 ng/mL and 1.8 ± 0.2 ng/mL, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). Positive correlation was observed between testosterone levels and albumin levels, age and body weight, and a negative correlation between testosterone levels and calcium, glucose and GGT. Glucose levels decreased throughout development (P &lt; 0.0001) whereas NEFA levels were higher in pre-pubertal (P = 0.01). The enzyme GGT levels had decreased from puberty (P &lt; 0.0001), and AST had their lowest levels at puberty (P = 0.0003). Albumin showed higher levels during puberty (P &lt; 0.0001). The urea values were stable until puberty, and increased post-puberty (P &lt; 0.0001). The levels of calcium and phosphorus levels had lower post-puberty (P &lt; 0.0001). Thus, puberty is a period of fluctuation in the levels of metabolic markers of hybrid male pigs due to the effect of testosterone on energy, protein and mineral metabolism

revista do CIEBA

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MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery